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BIBLE HISTORY: 



TEXT-BOOK 



TOR 



SEMINARIES, SCHOOLS, AND FAMILIES. 



BY 



/ 



SAEAH E. HANNA, 

(formerly miss foster,) 
PBINCIPAL OF THE FEMALE SEMINARY, WASHINGTON, PA. 




I^EW YOEK: 
PUBLISHED BY A. S. BARNES & BURR, 

51 & 53 JOHN-STREET, 

AND SOLD BT BOOKSELLERS GENERALLY. 

1860. 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1859, 
By Mrs. SARAH R. HANNA, 
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the 
Western District of Hi^K^. ^f^ ^ 



2^fi 



RENNIE, SHEA & LINDSAY, 
Stbrbotvpers and Elkctrotyperi, GEO. W. WOOD, Phinteh, 

81, 83 & 85 Centre-Street, No. 2 Dutch-st., N. Y. 

NEW YORK. 



(sr^-s:^l^(r/^^ 



PREFACE 



The Bible — the sacred storehouse of heavenly wisdom ! 

Whatever tends to awaken the attention of youth in the study 
of, or to eUcit a love for, the Holy Scriptures, should be encour- 
aged by Christians, as a subject of the first importance. 

Attempts, however feeble, having a tendency to advance the 
glory of God and the best interests of Man, will receive encour- 
agement from those who believe that success in any good work is 
from above. " Not by might, nor by power, but by my spirit, 
saith the Lord of hosts," is a declaration calculated to strengthen 
the weak and humble the strong. The author has labored over 
thirty years in the cause of education, and the greater portion of 
this period has taught the Scriptures, principally the historical 
part, to all her pupils — often exceeding, in number, one hundred. 
In teaching her Bible-classes, these or similar questions were used, 
accompanied with oral instructions drawn from various sources, 
the scholars furnishing the main portion of their answers from 
their Bibles. Thus one or more books of the Old or New Testa- 
ment, each term, became the daily study in school, and occupied 
a prominent place in its public examinations. That she might 
avail herself of the aid of teachers in her employment, in this 
branch of instruction, she collected the materials gathered from 
term to term, and embodied them in the present form, — such as 
she fondly hopes will make the exercise attractive to teachers and 



4: PREFACE. 

scholars, and thus encourage and facilitate the study of God's 
word. Manuscript copies of this work are now taught in various 
States, by teachers principally educated by the author. The Old 
Testament history is all that is now offered. In its preparation, 
the author has drawn freely from other sources— viz.. The Com- 
prehensive Commentary ; Dr. Kitto's Bible Illustrations, and Bib- 
lical Literature ; Shuckford and Prideaux's Connections ; Jones' 
Scripture Directory ; Josephus and Berk's Histories ; with a few 
notes furnished by a friend. Dr. B. 

Could the author have found a work which, as a text-book, 
would have taken its place, this would never have appeared be- 
fore the public. She now invites clergymen, parents, teachers, 
and the friends of the Bible generally, to examine this effort, 
trusting that, should it merit their approbation, they will lend 
their influence in order to give it a place in the schools of our be- 
loved country. 

Wherever introduced, read, or studied, let it be in connection 
with the great Text-book, the Word of God, the entrance of which 
giveth light. 

Washington, Pa., Dec. 27, 1859. 



CONTENTS. 



PAOB 

Introduction. 9 

The Pentateuch 12 

GENESIS : 

The Origin of the World 14 

The Antediluvian World 16 

Noah's Sons. — Abram 22 

Ishmael. — The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah 26 

Isaac 29 

Jacob 33 

Joseph 38 

Jacob in Egypt 43 

EXODUS : 

Moses a Deliverer 53 

The Ten Plagues, and Departure from Egypt 56 

The Murmurings of the People. — Sinai 61 

Ceremonial Law 65 

The Golden Calf. 69 

LEVITICUS : 

The Sacrifices appointed 74 

The Priesthood established. — Year of Jubilee 76 

NUMBERS : 

Numbering of the People. — Arrangements for the March 80 

Murmurings. — The Spies 83 

Korah's Rebellion 87 

The Sin at Meribah. — The Brazen Serpent 89 

Balaam 92 

Preparations for entering Canaan 97 

DEUTERONOMY : 

The Law repeated 99 

JOSHUA: 

The Israelites enter Canaan 102 

Jericho and Ai 106 



6 CONTENTS. 

rAGB 

Mount Ebal and Gerizim. — The Gibeonites 109 

Locating the Tribes 113 

JUDGES : 

Wars with the Canaanites 117 

Gideon 120 

Abimelech and Jephthah 123 

Samson 127 

Social and Civil Disorders 132 

RUTH 135 

IsT SAMUEL : 

Eli and Samuel 137 

The Eeign of Saul 140 

David's Advancement and Persecution 146 

David still persecuted by Saul 150 

Abigail.— Witch of Endor.— Saul's Death 154 

2d SAMUEL : 

David established in the Kingdom 158 

The Ark. — Temple.— Mephibosheth. — Embassadors 162 

David's Sins. — Absalom's Rebellion 166 

Return of David. — Revolt. — Famine 171 

Numbering Israel. — David's Dying Charge 174 

THE KINGS OF JUDAH AND ISRAEL : 

Synchronical Table of the Kings of Judah and Israel 180 

Adonijah aspires to the Throne. — David makes Solomon King. — 
David's Last Charge to Solomon. — Solomon's Wisdom, Prosperity, 

and Grandeur 181 

Building of the Temple. — Dedication. — Queen of Sheba's Visit to 

Solomon. — Solomon's Death 185 

The Kingdom divided. — Idolatry established by Jeroboam. — The 
Man of God's Prophecy against the Altar of Bethel. — Death of 

Jeroboam 192 

Rehoboam. — Abijah. — Asa 196 

Nadab. — Baasha. — Elah. — Zimri. — Omri. — Ahab. — Elijah fed by the 
Ravens. — By a Widow at Zarephath. — Elijah meets Ahab.— By 

Fire convinces Baal's Prophets 202 

Elijah flees from Jezebel, and meets God at Horeb. — Ahab's Vic- 
tory over Benhadad, King of Syria. — Ahab, by Jezebel, obtains 

Naboth's Vineyard. — He is slain at Ramoth-gilead 207 

The Pious and Prosperous Reign of Jehoshaphat 213 

Elijah calls for Fire to consume Ahaziah's Messengers. — Elijah 
taken to Heaven. — Succeeded by Elisha. — Jehoram and Jehosha- 
phat.— Divers Miracles by Elisha 216 



CONTENTS. 7 



PAGE 



Elisha sends Naaman to wash in the Jordan. — Blinds the Syrian 
Host. — Famine in Samaria.— Keceives Food from the Syrian 
Camp. — Hazael warned by Elisha 220 

The Infamous Keigns of Jehoram and Ahaziah. — Jehu destroys 
Ahab's Family and Baal's Prophets 226 

Keigns of Joash, Jehoahaz, and Jehoash. — Keign of Amaziah 230 

Reigns of Uzziah, Zachariah, Shallum, Menahem, Pekahiah, and 
Pekah. — Regular Reign of Jotham. — Wicked Reign of Ahaz. — 
Samaria taken. — Israel carried Captive 234 

Hezekiah's Good Reign. — Sennacherib's Invasion. — Rabshakeh so- 
licits a Revolt. — Hezekiah's Prayer. — Sends to the Prophet Isaiah. 
— Assyrians destroyed. — Hezekiah's Sickness. — Babylonish Cap- 
tivity foretold. — Hezekiah's Death and Burial 237 

The Wicked Reign of Manasseh, and of Amon. — Reforming Reign 

of Josiah. — Ruinous Reign of his Sons 243 

EZRA: 

Cyrus' Proclamation. — The Number of Families that accept Free- 
dom. — ^Their Arrival at Jerusalem. — The Temple commenced 250 

Ahasuerus stops the Building. — Darius' Decree. — The Temple fin- 
ished. — The Dedication 252 

Ezra as a Reformer. — His Prayer and Confession of Sins. — The People 
repent 255 

NEHEMIAH : 

Nehemiah's Prayer. — He is commissioned to build the Walls of 

Jerusalem. — Sanballat's Opposition 259 

Nehemiah's Generosity. — Sanballat's Opposition. — Register 263 

Ezra expounds the Law. — A Solemn Fast. — The Levites confess 
God's Goodness. — The Names of those who seal the Covenant. — 
Residence of Rulers. — Reformation continued 265 

ESTHER : 

Ahasuerus. — Vashti. — Mordecai 270 

Haman. — Esther's Messages to Mordecai. — Haman's Joy 272 

Mordecai' s Reward. — Fate of Haman. — Feast of Purim , 274 

DANIEL : 

Daniel trained in Chaldee Learning. — Nebuchadnezzar's Dream. — 

The Interpretation 279 

The Golden Image. — The Three Hebrews. — Nebuchadnezzar's Vision 

of the Great Tree. — His Degradation 283 

Belshazzar's Feast, Terrors, and Death. — Daniel exalted. — Cast to 

the lions 287 



INTRODUCTION. 



One of the most encouraging signs of the present age, is 
the general attention paid to the instruction of the young, 
and especially the instruction of young females. Their great 
influence in the family and in society is acknowledged, and 
consequently the importance of their receiving such an edu- 
cation as will render that influence salutary. But no edu- 
cation can be truly salutary in which the religious element 
is neglected. The more the mind is cultivated, while the 
spiritual interests of the soul are neglected, the more misera- 
ble will the life be, the more baleful its influence, and the 
more gloomy its termination. Even Franklin, skeptical as 
he was in regard to the divine origin of Christianity, sought 
to dissuade Paine from the publication of his " Age of Rea- 
son," and spoke of it as an " unchaining of the tiger." And 
the advice of the infidel Ethan Allen to his dying daughter 
is generally known. When asked by her whether he wished 
her to die in his faith or. in the faith of her pious mother, he 
could not answer otherwise than by advising her to die in 
the faith of her mother. Infidelity, like drunkenness, though 
intolerable in men, is still more revolting in women. Many 
men, who are full of all wickedness, would yet be shocked to 
Bee their own profanity imitated, even in a slight degree, by 
females. 



10 INTRODUCTION. 

The importance of a religious education being conceded, 
the question naturally arises, In what way shall it be best 
attained? Kow, if we will allow the Scriptures to settle 
this question, they throughout direct us to their own pages 
as able to make us wise to salvation, and to furnish us for 
every good work. Without underrating other means which 
may help us to understand the Scriptures, we may yet safely 
place the Scriptures themselves above them all, as at the 
same time the great source and means of all divine knowl- 
edge. God's ancient people were required to teach them 
diligently to their children, — to talk of them when sitting in 
the house, when walking by the way, when lying down, and 
when rising up. l!Tor should any part of the Scriptures be 
neglected. It is true, all parts are not of equal importance, 
— but all have the same origin, all are given by inspiration, 
and all are profitable. An idea seems strangely to have pre- 
vailed to some extent, that the Old Testament is more obscure 
than the New, and that it is now of little use in the Chris- 
tian Church. It is very true that we have a great increase 
of light by the coming of Christ, but it is not to be over- 
looked that this light shines u^on the Old Testament as well 
as in the New ; and by its aid we may understand those 
things which were but dimly seen by the fathers in times 
past. There are also much plainness and simplicity in the 
teachings of the Old Testament. Place in the hands of a 
child the book of Genesis and the Epistle to the Hebrews, or 
any other epistle of the New Testament, and he will soon 
show that these ancient oracles are more intelligible and 
more interesting to him than the more modern revelations. 
The Old Testament was suited to the infant state of the 
Church, and is still, in many respects, peculiarly adapted to 



INTRODUCTION. 11 

beginners in the study of divine truth. Its histories, types, 
rites, and imagery, convey instruction to the mind, like pic- 
tures to the mind of the child. 

The authoress of the following work has been engaged for 
many years as the principal of the Female Seminary at 
Washington, Pa., and has also had the superintendence of 
two other female seminaries — one at Wheeling, Ya., and the 
other at Xenia, Ohio. Having taken her pupils under her 
own immediate care in the department of Biblical instruc- 
tion, the following questions and answers were prepared for 
her use in this branch of study. The chief object aimed at 
is to make her pupils familiar with the Bible itself. Hence 
not much is introduced of the nature of a comment ; yet oc- 
casionally some things are explained — enough to lead pupils 
to reflect, and give them a taste for fuller expositions. The 
work has been examined by a number of teachers and minis- 
ters of the Gospel, who have been urgent for its publication. 
They feel confident that it would be a valuable aid to others 
in guiding the studies of their pupils, and they hope to see it 
generally introduced as a text-book into our common-schools, 
academies, seminaries, and Sabbath-schools. 

Thos. Beveridge. 
Xenia, Ohio, Sept., 1859. 



THE PENTATEUCH. 

The books comprised under this title are Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, 
Kumbers, and Deuteronomy. They are mentioned, in several parts of 
the Scripture as "the law," and "the law of Moses." The Pentateuch 
famishes us with a compendious history of the world, from the Creation 
until the arrival of the Israelites on the verge of Canaan — a period of 
about 2,553 years, according to the common computation. 



BIBLE HISTORY. 



GENESIS. 

B.C. 4004-1635 A.M. 1-2369. 



1. What does the title of this book signify? 
Origin, generation, or production. 

2. What does the book treat of? 

It is a history of originals, or first things. It contains an 
account of the creation of the world, the entrance of sin and 
death, the first promise of a Saviour, the planting of the 
Church, the invention of the arts, and the rise of nations. 

8. When was this book written ? 

Probably after the departure of the Israelites from Egypt, 
and the promulgation of the law. 

4. Into what three grand periods may it be divided ? 

1st. From the Creation to the Deluge, comprising 1656 
years. 2d. From the Deluge to the birth of Abraham, 352. 
3d. From the birth of Abraham to the death of Joseph, 360. 
In all, 2369 years. 

5. What did Andrew Fuller remark respecting its importance? 

" Without this history the world would be in total dark- 
ness, not knowing whence it came, or whither it goeth. In 
the first page of this sacred book, a child may learn more in 
one hour than all the philosophers of the world learned with- 
out it in thousands of years." 



14 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 4004. 

CHAPTEE I. 

THE OKIGIN OF THE WORLD. 

Gen., On. I.} — 6. What is the first event recorded? 
The creation of the heavens and the earth. 

7. What was created on the first day ? 

God created light. He divided the light from the dark- 
ness, calling the light, day, and the darkness, night. 

8. What on the second day ? 

The firmament. And God divided the waters below it 
from those above ; and he called the firmament, heaven. 

9. The third day? 

God gathered the waters into seas, and made the dry land 
to appear. He caused the earth to bring forth grass, herbs, 
and trees. 

10. The fourth day? 

The sun and moon ; the former to rule the day, the latter 
to rule the night. He made the stars also. 

11. The fifth day? 

The fowls and fishes. 

12. The sixth day? 

Cattle, creeping things, and beasts of the earth. God 
created man, also, in his own image, and gave him dominion 
over every living creature, and over all the earth. 

13. In what did this image of God consist? 

"In knowledge, righteousness, and holiness." This like- 
ness lies not in his physical nor intellectual, but in his moral 
nature. It could not lie in his lineaments and his erect 
figure, because God is a spirit. It could not lie in his intel- 
lect and reason, for the devil and his angels have these in a 



A. M. 1.] ORIGIN OF THE WORLD. 16 

much higher degree than we. Besides, God does not reason ; 
all truth and all knowledge are with him intuitive, a part of 
his own essence. This likeness could only be found in the 
soul of man, the seat of his moral faculties. It consisted in 
holiness, in bearing that attribute in which God is chiefly 
presented to our view, and related to us, and that is, love. 
E;ph. iv. 24 ; Ps. xvii. 15. 

14. How did God regard all the works that he had created ? 

As very good. 

Ch. II.} — 15. What was instituted on the seventh day? 

The Sabbath, in commemoration of God's resting on that 
day from the work of Creation. "And God blessed the 
seventh day, and sanctified it; because that on it he had 
rested from all the work that he had created and made." 

16. Mention some passages of Scripture showing the binding obligations 
of the Sabbath. 

Gen. ii. 2, 3 ; Exod. xx. 8-11 ; xxxi. 13-17 ; xxxiv. 21 ; 
Levit. xxiii. 3 ; Num. xv. 32-36 ; Is. Iviii. 13, 14; Ezek. xx. 
12, 13 ; Levit. xxvi. 34, 35 ; 2 Chron. xxxvi. 15-21 ; i^eh. 
xiii. 15-22 ; Heb. iv. 10. 

17. Where was man first placed ? 
In the Garden of Eden. 

18. Give some account of this garden. 

It was situated eastward in Eden. The land of Eden was 
a well-watered, fertile, and pleasant country ; and in the best 
and choicest part of this land was planted a garden, or para- 
dise, which was given to man for his abode. 

19. What directions did God give Adam when he placed him in it? 
To dress and to keep it. And he gave him permission to 

eat of every tree, except the tree of knowledge in the midst 
of the garden.^ " But of the tree of the knowledge of good' 

» Abstinence from animal food is preserved in the traditions of all nations, as one 
of the characteristics of their golden age. 



16 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 4003 

and evil, thou shalt not eat of it ; for in the day that thou 
eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die." 

20. What was the first work which God appointed Adam to do ? 
God brought all the animals to him, to name them ; and 

Adam gave names to all. 

21. Give some account of the creation of woman. 

The Lord caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and took 
one ot his ribs, of which he made woman, and brought her to 
the man. 

22. How did he receive her ? 

" Adam said. This is now bone of my bone, and flesh of 
my flesh, because she was taken out of man. Therefore shall 
a man leave his father and mother, and cleave unto his wife, 
and they shall be one flesh." 



CHAPTEK II. 

THE ANTEDILUVIAN WOULD. 

Oh. III.} — 23. Give an account of Adam's fall. 

The serpent, i. e., the devil under the form of a serpent, 
tempted the woman, who tempted her husband to eat of the 
forbidden fruit. 

24. What were the first effects of their transgression ? 

Mingled feelings of shame, fear, and guilt. Shame, when 
they found themselves naked; fear, when they heard the 
voice of God in the garden ; and guilt, when they were ques- 
tioned as to their crime. 

25. What apology did they make to the Lord for their conduct ? 
Adam said, " I heard thy voice, and I was afraid, because 

I was naked." And as the Lord further questioned him, he 



A. M. 2.] ANTEDILUVIAN WORLD. 17 

threw the blame of the sin on the woman, and she, on the 
serpent. 

26. What sentence did God then pronounce ? 

He began where the sin began, with the serpent ; and said, 
'' Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cat- 
tle ; and I will put enmity between thee and the woman, 
between thy seed and her Seed ; it shall bruise thy head, and 
thou shalt bruise his heel." To the woman he said, " I will 
multiply thy sorrow. In sorrow shalt thou bring forth chil- 
dren, and thy husband shall rule over thee." To Adam he 
said, " Cursed is the ground for thy sake. In sorrow shalt 
thou eat of it all the days of thy life. In the sweat of thy 
face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground. 
Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return." 

27. Who is meant by the Seed of the woman ? 
Christ. 

28. What name did Adam give the woman ? 

Eve ; because she was the mother of all living. 

29. Define these names. 

Adam signifies, red earth ; Eve, life. 

30. What invention did sin make necessary ? 

That of clothing. When Adam and Eve ate of the fruit, 
they were conscious of their nakedness, and their first gar- 
ments were aprons of fig-leaves. Afterwards, God made 
coats of skins and clothed them. 

31. What farther token of God's displeasure was given ? 

They were expelled from the garden ; and at the east of 
the garden were placed cherubim and a flaming sword, to 
keep the way of the tree of life. 

Ch. IV.} — 32. Give some account of Cain and Abel. 

Cain was the first-born. Eve acknowledged him as a gift 
from the Lord. He was a tiller of the ground. Abel, the 
second son, was a shepherd. Both brought offerings to the 



18 BIBLE HISTOKY. [b. o. 2348. 

Lord. He accepted Abel's, but had uo respect to Cain or 
bis offering. 

83. The fate of Abel ? 

Cain slew bim. To this wicked act he was prompted by 
envy of his brother, a base malignant passion. 

84. How did God punish Cain for this crime ? 

The Lord said, " Thou art cursed from the earth. When 
thou tillest the ground it shall not yield. A fugitive and a 
vagabond shalt thou be in the earth." To prevent him from 
being slain, the Lord set a mark on him. And he went from 
the presence of the Lord and dwelt in the land of JS^od.^ 

35. Have we any further account of Cain ? 

"We have of his descendants. Lamech was the fifth from 
Cain. He had two wives, Adah and Zillah. The former 
bare Jabel, the father of such as dwell in tents, and have 
cattle. Jubal, his brother, was the father of such as handle 
the harp and organ. Zillah bare Tubal- Cain, an artificer in 
brass and iron.^ 

36. Repeat Lamech's address to his wives ; and what will you say of it? 

Adah and Zillah, hear my voice ! 
Ye wives of Lamech, hearken to my speech ! 
For I have slain a man to my wounding, 
And a young man to my hurt ; 



1 In the fact of Cain's building a city, we may notice the important evidence it 
affords that houses were earlier than tents, towns than encampments, and the set- 
tled than the nomade life. This is not the course an inventor would take in 
recording the progress of mankind, nor according to the hypothesis that man 
advanced progressively out of a savage state. In the true record, the first-born 
man builds a city, and the tent comes later by more than a thousand years. 

' We observe that the arts and sciences took their rise among Cain's descendants. 
It may be that the decay of higher interests directed all force of mind in the Cainite 
race into the channel of invention and discovery, for the aggrandizement of this life. 
It is also observable that the first builders of cities, both in the old world and new, 
were not men of the best character and reputation. Cities were first built by rebels 
against God and revolters from him. 



A. M. 1657.] ANTEDILUVIAN WOKLD. 19 

If Cain be avenged sevenfold, 
Truly Lamech seventy and sevenfold. 

This is the most ancient piece of poetry in the world ; the 
only scrap of verse that has come to ns from before the flood. 
But it embodies the parallelism, and other characteristics, of 
Hebrew poetry. It shows also that poetry was invented be- 
fore music. 

Oh. V.} — 87. Who was Adam's third son, and what his character? 

Seth ; born after the image of Adam. 

88. How old was Adam when he died ? 

IS^ine hundred and thirty years. 

39. Give the genealogy and age of the patriarchs from Adam to Noah. 
Seth, son of Adam, lived 912 years; Enos, son of Seth, 

905 ; Cainan, son of Enos, 910 ; Mahalaleel, son of Cainan, 
895 ; Jared, son of Mahalaleel, 962 ; Enoch, son of Jared, 
365 ; Methuselah, son of Enoch, 969 ; Lamech, son of Me- 
thuselah, 777 ; I^oah, son of Lamech, 950 years. 

40. Give some account of Enoch. 

Enoch walked with God; and after three hundred and 
sixty -five years, God took him; that is, he was taken to 
heaven without death. 

41. How many years from the Creation to the time of the flood? 
Sixteen hundred and .fifty-six. 

Ch. VI. } — 42. Who, of all the inhabitants of the earth, found favor 

with God ? 

Noah. 

43. Give some account of him. 

He was a just man, and a preacher of righteousness ;^ and 
by the commandment of the Lord saved the Church in his 
own family, when the world, on account of the sins of its 
inhabitants, was deluged. 

» 2 Peter ii. 5. 



20 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 5348. 

44. What two things occasioned the wickedness of the world ? 
First, the increase of mankind. "And it came to pass 

wlien men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and 
daughters were born to them." Prov. xxix. 16. Second, 
Mixed marriages. The posterity of Seth intermingled with 
the excommunicated race of Cain. The sons of God married 
the daughters of men. 

45. How old was Noah at the time of the flood? 
Six hundred years. 

46. Give a description of the ark. 

It was a building in the form of a parallelogram, three 
hundred cubits long, fifty cubits broad, and thirty cubits 
high. A cubit has been variously estimated. According to 
the reckoning of the commentator Scott, the dimensions of 
of the ark were four hundred and eighty feet in length, 
eighty-one in breadth, and forty-eight in height. The door 
was on the side and a window on the top. 

47. How long was Noah bnilding the ark ? 
One hundred and twenty years. Yer. 3. 

48. Did he warn the" world of the approaching flood? 
He did. He was a preacher of righteousness. 

49. "Who were taken with him into the ark ? 

His wife, and his three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth, 
with their wives also. 

50. What else was preserved besides himself and family ? 

Some of all kinds of birds, beasts, and creeping things, 
with all food that is eaten. Clean beasts were taken in by 
sevens, unclean beasts, two by two. 

Oh. VII.} — 51. How was the deluge brought about? 

The fountains of the great deep were broken up, and the 
windows of heaven were opened: the rain was upon the 
earth forty days and forty nights. 

62, How long was Noah in the ark ? 



A. M. 1657.] ANTEDILUVIAN WORLD. 21 

About one year. 

Ch. VIII.} — 53. How did itToali ascertain when the waters were 
dried up ? 

He sent forth a raven and a dove. The former wandered 
about, the latter returned to the ark and was taken in by 
IToah. After seven days he sent out the dove a second time, 
and she returned with an olive-branch : after seven other 
days he sent her out a third time, and she returned not any 
more. 

54. Where did the ark rest when the waters abated ? 
On Mount Ararat.^ 

55. What was Noah's first act when he went out of the ark ? 
He built an altar, and offered burnt-offerings. 

56. What inferences may we draw from this account of the Flood ? 
That God hates, and will punish sin; and that he loves, 

and will preserve the righteous. 



1 This mountain is situated in Armenia. It is not a ridge, but in itself a whole 
and perfect mountain. It rises gradually from a broad base until it reaches the 
region of perpetual snow, when its shape becomes more conical and steep. Near it 
is another mountain, similar, but smaller in all its proportions, which many sup- 
pose to be the one on which the ark rested. The taller summit of Ararat is 17,750, 
the lesser summit 13,420 feet above the level of the sea. The Armenians believe 
that access to the higher summit was supernaturally interdicted. Not until 1829 
was a successful attempt made to ascend it. This was done by Prof Parrot, a Ger- 
man. He found the top circular, and covered with ice. On account of the immense 
distance nothing, in the plain could be seen distinctly. 



22 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 2126. 



CHAPTEK III. 



Ch. IX.} — 57. What law did God institute concerning murder? 

Willful murderers were to be put to death. Whoso shed- 
deth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed ; for in the 
image of God made he man.^ 

68. What covenant did God make with ]S"oah and his posterity ? 

That he would never again bring a flood to destroy the 
earth ; and he constituted the rainbow a token of his covenant. 

59. Give some account of the descendants of Noah. 

His sons were Shem, Ham, and Japheth. The sons of 
Japheth inhabited Asia Minor and Europe, called the isles of 
the Gentiles. The sons of Ham settled in the southern parts 
of Arabia and in Africa. The sons of Shera, in the remain- 
ing parts of Asia. 

60. Give some further account of Shem. 

He was the father of the children of Eber, from whom 
God's covenant people descended ; who took the name of 
Hebrews from Eber, or Heber. 

61. From which of Noah's sons do we descend ? 
From Japheth.^ 

1 The Jewish doctors speak often of " the seven precepts of Noah," which they 
say, were to be observed by all nations. The first, against the worship of idols ; 
the second, against blasphemy, and requiring to bless the name of God ; the third, 
against murder ; the fourth, against incest and all uncleanness ; the fifth, against 
theft and rapine ; the sixth, requiring the administration of justice ; the seventh, 
against the eating of flesh with the life. 

2 Moses begins with Japheth's family very briefly ; hastening to give an account 
of the posterity of Ham, Israel's enemies, and of Shem, Israel's ancestors. For the 
Scripture is designed to be the history of the Church, and of the nations of the 
world only as they were in some way or other related to Israel, and interested in 
the affairs of that people. 



A. M. 1879.] NOAH'S SONS. 23 

62. Which of Noah's sous was cursed, and why? 
Ham ; because he exposed his father's sin and shame, in- 
stead of hiding it. 

03. When Noah awoke from his wine, what was his prophecy respect- 
ing his sous ? 

Cursed be Canaan ; a servant of servants shall he be to 
his brethren. Blessed be the Lord God of Shem ; and 
Canaan shall be his servant. God shall enlarge Japheth, 
and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem, and Canaan shall be 
his servant. 

Ch. X.} — 64. What grandson of Ham was noted, and for what hecome 
distinguished ? 

ISTimrod. He was a mighty hunter. He also became a 
great conqueror, since the same qualities that enabled him to 
subdue wild beasts, enabled him to subdue men as well. The 
beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, 
and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. Afterwards he invaded 
Assyria and built Mneveh, and the city Eehoboth, and Calah. 

Ch. XI.^ — 65. What great work did the descendants of Noah under- 
take, and what was the result of it ? 

Building a city and a tower, whose top would reach unto 
heaven, that they might make themselves a name. Hitherto 
all had spoken the same language ; but now the Lord came 
down and confounded their speech, so that they could not 
understand each other, and they left off to build. The city 
was called Babel, which signifies confusion. 

66. Give the genealogy from Shem to Abram. 

Shem, Arphaxad, Salah, Eber, Peleg, Keu, Serug, ISTahor, 
Terah, Abram. 

67. Give an account of the rest of Terah'a family. 

He had two other sons besides Abram, — Nahor and Haran. 
Haran was the father of Lot. Haran died before his father 
in LTr of the Chaldees. The wife of Nahor was Milcah, the 
daughter of Haran. 



24: BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1813 

68. Where did Terah die ? 

He went with Abram his son, and Lot his grandson into 
Haran, which is on the way to the land of Canaan, and 
dwelt there until he died, two hundred and five years old. 

Ch. XII. \ — 69. Who directed Abram to leave his country ? 

The Lord called him and directed him to leave his country 
and kindred, and said, I will make of thee a great nation, and 
I will bless thee, and make thy name great, and thou shalt 
be a blessing. And I will bless them that bless thee, and 
curse him that curseth thee ; and in thee shall all families of 
the earth be blessed. 

70. How old was Abram when he departed from Haran ? 
Seventy-five years. 
Yl. Whom did he take with him ? 

Sarai his wife, and Lot his nephew, and went into the land 
of Canaan. 

72. Who appeared unto him there, and how did Abram acknowledge it? 
The Lord appeared unto him at Moreh, and promised that 

that land should be given unto his seed. Abram built an 
altar there. When he removed '^again to the east of Bethel, 
he again built an altar, and called upon the name of the Lord. 

73. What compelled him to go into Egypt ? 
A grievous famine in the land. 

74r. What did he there call his wife ? 

His sister.^ 

75. What were the consequences ? 

The king took her, but was plagued by the Lord until he 



» " Good men are not wholly good in this life ; and Abram can not be considered 
as free from all blame in what he did. Yet Sarah was indeed his half-sister, being 
the daughter of his father, though not of his mother. What Abram said, therefore, 
was not a direct falsehood ; but a prevarication. There is but little if any difference, 
however, in the guilt of these two modes of speech, since they are both intended to 
deceive." 



A. M. 2092. J ABRAM. 26 

restored her to Abram ; after which Abram, with Lot, left 
Egypt. 

Gh. XIII. ^ — 76. After their return to Canaan what difficulty occurred? 
A dispute arose about their cattle, commenced by their 
herdsmen. 

77. How was the dispute settled ? 

Abram said to Lot, "Let there be no strife, I pray thee, be- 
tween me and thee, between my herdmen and thy herdmen ; 
for we are brethren. Is not the whole land before thee? 
Separate thyself, I pray thee, from me. If thou wilt take the 
.left hand, then I will go to the right ; or if thou depart to 
the right hand, then I will go to the left." They then sepa- 
rated and Abram dwelt in the land of Canaan, while Lot 
chose the well-watered plain of Jordan, and pitched his tent 
towards Sodom. 

78. What did the Lord here say to Abram ? 

He showed him the extent of the land, and promised it to 
him and his seed, which should be like the dust of the earth 
that can not be numbered. Abram then built an altar unto 
the Lord in Hebron. 

Ch. XIV.} — 79. "Where was Lot taken prisoner? 

At a battle in the vale of Siddim. 

80. How many kings were engaged in this ? 
There were nine ; four against five. 

81. How was he rescued ? 

By Abram, who went after him with three hundred and 
eighteen of his own trained servants. 

82. By whom was Abram met on his return? 

Melchizedek, king of Salem, came out to meet him with 
bread and wine, and blessed him. 

83. Who was Melchizedek ? 

His parentage is unknown. Heh. vii. 3. Josephus sup- 
posed he was a Canaanitish prince, belonging to the older 



26 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1898. 

long-lived generation who maintained the knowledge and 
worship of the true God ; for we find no traces of idolatry, 
and we know from Scripture itself that the iniquity of the 
Canaanites was not full until four hundred years later. 
There is, and must always remain, great obscurity upon the 
history of Melchizedek, and upon some important points in 
Abram's intercourse with him. Abram gave him tithes of 
all. This may be looked on as a gratuity presented to Mel- 
chizedek, by way of return for his tokens of respect. Also 
as an ojQfering to the Most High God, and therefore put into 
the hands of Melchizedek his priest.^ 



CHAPTEE lY. 

ISHMAEL. THE DESTRUCTION OF SODOM AND GOMORRAH. 

Oh. Xy. }— 84. Of what did Abram complain ? 
The want of an heir. 

85. "What did God promise him ? 

That an heir should be given him. And he brought him 
forth abroad and said, Look now towards heaven, and tell the 
stars, if thou be able to number them. So shall thy seed be. 
And Abram believed God, and it was counted unto him for 
righteousness. 

86. What else did the Lord reveal to him ? 

That his seed should be a stranger in a land that was not 
theirs, where they should serve four hundred years,^ and that 



^ The tenth of our increase is a very fit proportion to set apart for the honor of 
God, and the service of his Sanctuary, Jesus Christ, our great Melchizedek, is to 
have homage done him, and to be humbly acknowledged as our King and Priest ; 
and not only the tithe of all, but all we have, must be surrendered to him. 

3 Exod. xii. 40, 41, The 400 years is the time of the bondage of Abram's seed ; the 



A. M. 2107.] ISHMAEL. 27 

afterwards they should come out with great substance. The 
Lord also promised the land of Canaan to his seed for an in- 
heritance. To Abram he promised that he should go to his 
fathers in peace, and be buried in a good old age. 

Oh. XVI. } — 87. How old was Abram when Ishmael was born ? 

Eightj-six years. 

88. AVho was the mother of Ishmael ? 
Hagar, Abram's maid-servant. 

89. Who named the child, and what prediction was made concerning 
hira ? 

• An angel said to Hagar, Thou shalt call his name Ishmael, 
because the Lord hath heard thy affliction. Hagar had been 
treated unkindly by Sarai, and had fled from her into the 
wilderness. The angel also assured her, that her seed should 
be multiplied exceedingly ; and foretold of Ishmael that he 
should be a wild man — his hand should be against every 
man, and every man's hand against him. 

90. Has this prediction been accomplished ? 

It has, remarkably so in the Arabians, who are his descend- 
ants. Other nations have changed their habits ; not one 
retains its original character. The sole exception is in the 
descendants of this man. They have remained in the wilder- 
ness for more than three thousand years. 

Ch. XVII.} — 91. Did God again appear to Abram ? 

He did, and renewed his covenant with him, and changed 
his name to Abraham in token of blessing. Abram signifies. 
Father of Elevation, or, a high father; Abraham, Father of 
a Multitude. 

92, Whose name besides that of Abram was changed ? 

That of Sarai, to Sarah, which signifies, A Princess. 



430 mentioned in Exodus includes also the. time of Abram's sojourning until the 
weaning of Isaac in his fifth year, when the bondage of Abram's seed commenced 
in the mockery of Ishmael. 



28 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1897. 

93. When God made this covenant with Abraham, what ordinance 
was instituted ? 

That of circumcision. Abraham and Ishmael were cir- 
cumcised, with all the men of their house — Abraham at 
ninety-nine years of age, Ishmael at thirteen. 

Oh. XVIII. } — 94. "Who appeared to Abraham in the plains of Mamre ? 
Three angels. 

95. How did Abraham entertain his guests ? 

He invited them to wash their feet, and to remain while 
he brought them a morsel of bread. Sarah prepared cakes, 
while Abraham ran and brought a calf, which he gave to a 
young man to dress. He then took butter and milk, and the 
calf which he had prepared and brought to them, and stood 
by them under the tree while they did eat. 

96. What information did the angels there communicate to Abraham? 
That Sarah should have a son. 

97. How did Sarah receive the message ? 

She laughed, doubting the fulfillment of such a promise : 
and the angel reproved her and said. Is any thing too hard 
for the Lord ? 

98. What other information did Abraham receive from the angels ? 
That Sodom was about to be destroyed. 

99. What did Abraham say when he heard this ? 

He pleaded that it might be saved, if there were fifty 
righteous men in it ; then if forty-five ; then if forty ; then 
if thirty ; then if twenty ; and at last, if ten should be found 
there. And the Lord promised he would not destroy it if ten 
righteous persons were found in it. 

Oh. XIX. } — 100. Who entertained the angels in Sodom ? 
Lot. 

101. What was the fate of Sodom and Gomorrah on the next day? 
They were destroyed by brimstone and fire from the Lord 
out of heaven. 



A. M. 2108.] ISAAC. 29 

102. What became of Lot and his family? 

Lot, with his wife and two daughters, were hastened by 
the angels from the city, who said. Escape for thy life ; look 
not behind thee. His wife, disobeying the command, looked 
back, and became a pillar of salt. Lot, with his daughters, 
came and dwelt in a cave at Zoar. 

103. What sins was Lot betrayed into ? 
Drunkenness and incest. 

104. What two nations had their rise in him ? 
Moab and Ammon. 

Ch. XX.} — 105. Have we an account of Abraham's denying Sarah more 
than once ? 

We have. At Gerar : and Abimelech took her. 
106. How did Abimelech know that she was Abraham's wife ? 
The Lord revealed it unto him in a dream, and he restored 
her unto Abraham. 



CHAPTEK Y. 



ISAAC. 



Ch. XXL } — 107. What was the age of Abraham when Isaac was born ; 
the treatment of Isaac by Ishmael ; and the consequences to Ishmael ? 

Isaac was born when Abraham was one hundred years old, 
and was circumcised the eighth day, as God had commanded. 
Ishmael, who was then fourteen years old, was seen by Sarah 
mocking Isaac.^ The consequence of this treatment from 
Ishmael was, that he and his mother Hagar were cast out. 
Abraham was grieved, but was encouraged by the promise 



1 Ishmael is here called the son of the Egyptian^ because, as some think, the 400 
years of affliction of the seed of Abraham began now, and was to be dated from 
hence. 



30 BIBLE HISTOEY. [b. c. 1857. 

that from the son of the boTidwoiiian the Lord would raise up 
a great people : " because," said he, '^ he is thy seed." 

108. What became of fiagar and the child ? 

She went into the wilderness of Beer-sheba : and when the 
water was spent which Abraham had given her, she cast the 
child under one of the shrubs, and went away, saying. Let 
me not see the death of the child. But the Lord called to 
her out of heaven, and promised to make of her son a great 
nation : and he opened her eyes, so that she saw by her a 
well of water. God was with the lad as he grew, and he 
became an archer in the wilderness. His mother obtained a 
wife for him out of Egypt. 

Ch. XXII. }— 109. How was Abraham's faith tried ? 

By God's command to sacrifice Isaac. 

110. Where was the sacrifice to be performed? 

On one of the mountains in the land of Moriah, which 
was the place where Christ afterwards oiFered himself for us. 

111. Give some account of their jom-ney thither. 

On the third day they came in sight of the place. Abraham 
then left the two young men who had come with him, and 
laid the wood for the burnt-oflPering on Isaac, aiKl himself 
took the fire and the knife, and they went on together. 
When Isaac inquired of his father, where was the lamb for 
the burnt- offering, Abraham replied. My son, God will pro- 
vide himself a lamb for a burnt-offering. 

112. How was Abraham prevented from slaying his son ? 

As Abraham stretched forth his hand and took the knife, 
the Angel of the Lord called to him out of heaven and said, 
Lay not thine hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thing 
unto him ; for now I know that thou fearest God, seeing thou 
hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, from me. God 
then showed him a ram, which he offered instead of his son. 

113. What name did Abraham give to the place ? 
Jehovah-jireh ; which signifies, The Lord will provide. 



A. M. 2148.] ISAAC. 31 

114. How did God show his approval of Abraham's obedience? 

He renewed his covenant with him ; and said, By myself 
have I sworn, Because thou hast not withheld thine only son, 
that in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will 
multiply thy seed as the stars of heaven : and in thy seed 
shall all the nations of the earth be blessed. 

Ch. XXIII.} — 115. How long did Sarah live; and where was she 
buried ? 

She lived to be one hundred and twenty-seven years old, 
and was buried in the cave of Machpelah, bought by Abraham 
of the sons of Heth, for four hundred shekels of silver. 

Ch. XXIV.} — 116. Wliat method did Abraham take to obtain a wife 
for Isaac ? 

He sent his servant to Nahor in Mesopotamia, to take a 
wife for Isaac from among his kindred. 

117. What success had he ? 

"When he came to the city, he prayed, O Lord God of my 
master Abraham, I pray thee send me good speed this day, 
and show kindness unto my master Abraham. And he 
prayed that while he stood there by the well, and the daugh- 
ters of the city came out to draw water, that the one of 
wdiom he should ask drink, and who should answer, Drink, 
and I will give thy camels drink also, might be the one ap- 
pointed for Isaac. Before he had done speaking, Rebekah, 
the daughter of Bethuel, who was JSTahor's son, came to the 
well by which he sat, and drew water for him and then for 
the camels, and invited him to her father's house, where he 
was kindly entertained by Laban her brother, and her father 
Bethuel. He refused to eat until he knew whether or not 
God would prosper him ; and they said, Tlie thing proceed- 
eth from God ; take her as the Lord hath spoken. Then the 
servant bowed his head and worshiped ; and brought forth 
jewels of silver and of gold for Eebekah, and presents also 
for her mother and brother. In the morning they urged him 
to remain ; but when he refused, they called Rebekah, and 



^^ BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 1760. 

asked her if she would go with the man : she said, I will go. 
And they sent her away, with her nnrse and Abraham's 
servant. 

118. Give some account of the meeting of Isaac and Eebekah ? 
' Isaac had gone out into the field to meditate at eventide ; 
and the camels were coming. Rebekah lifted up her eyes 
and saw Isaac, and asked the servant what man it was walk- 
ing in the fields to meet them ; and when told it was Isaac, 
she took a veil and covered herself, and lighted oif the camel. 
Isaac brought her into his mother Sarah's tent ; and he loved 
her, and was comforted after his mother's death. 

Oh. XXY.} — 119. How old was Isaac when he was married? 
Forty years. 

120. Who was heir to Abraham's estate ? 

He made Isaac his heir, and gave gifts to the children of 
the concubines. 

121. How long did Abraham live ? 

One hundred and seventy-five years ; and was bm-ied by 
his sons, Isaac and Ishmael, in the cave of Machpelah. 

122. Give some further account of Ishmael and his family. 

He seems to have lived amicably with his brethren, as he 
joined with Isaac in burying his father. He died at the age 
of one hundred and thirty-seven. He had twelve sons, who 
gave their names to as many tribes. These tribes lived 
chiefly in the northern parts of Arabia.^ He had two daugh- 
ters, one of whom Esau married. 

123. "What children had Isaac and Rebekah, after being married twenty 
ars? 

Esau and Jacob. 

124. What can you say of Esau and Jacob ? 
Esau, the first-born, was a wild man, and became a skillful 

1 The South and East were settled by the sons of Cash. 



A. M. 2245.] JACOB. 33 

hunter. Jacob was a plain man, and dwelt in tents. The 
father loved Esau, but Jacob was the favorite of his mother. 
Esan inherited the birthright, but sold it to Jacob for a mess 
of pottage. 

125. What privileges did the birthright confer? 

He that had the birthright was head and priest of the 
family, and progenitor of the Messiah. 

Ch. XXVI.} — 126. Where did Isaac go, on account of the famine? 

To Gerar. 

127. Why did he deny his wife 1 

Because she was fair, and he feared being killed on ac- 
count of her. 

128. Who reproved him for this deception ? 
Abimelech. 

129. Who appeared to him at Beer-sheba ? 

The Lord ; and said, Eear not ; I am with thee, and will 
bless and multiply thy seed for thy father's sake. And Isaac 
built an altar, and called on the name of the Lord. 

130. Whom did Esau marry ? 

Two Canaanitish women. They were the cause of much 
grief to his parents. ^ 



CHAPTEE YI. 

JACOB. 

Chap. XXVII.} — 131. How did Jacob obtain his father's blessing? 

By means of a fraud practiced by himself and his mother. 

132. What was included in the blessing ? 

God give thee of the dew of heaven, the fatness of the 
earth, and plenty of corn and wine. Let people serve thee, 
and nations bow down to thee. Be lord over thy brethren, 

2« 



34 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1739. 

and let thy mother's sons bow down to thee. Cursed be 
every one that curseth thee, and blessed be he that blesseth 
thee. 

133. How was Esau affected when he heard that Jacob had obtained 

the blessing? 

He wept, and cried with a bitter cry, Bless me, even me 
also, O my father ! 

134. Did Isaac bless him ? 

He did, but with a blessing inferior to that of Jacob. He 
said. Behold, thy dwelling shall be the fatness of the earth, 
and of the dew of heaven from above : and by thy sword 
shalt thou live, and shalt serve thy brother ; and it shall 
come to pass, when thou shalt have dominion, that thou 
shalt break his yoke from off thy neck. 

135. How did Esau feel towards Jacob, and how did he show his re- 
sentment ? 

He hated Jacob, and purposed to kill him. Jacob having 
been informed of this, by the direction of his parents, fled to 
Padan-Aram. 

Ch. XXYIII.}— 136. What vision had Jacob on his way? 

He dreamed that a ladder was set on the earth, and the 
top of it reached to heaven, and he beheld the angels of God 
ascending and descending upon it. The Lord stood above it 
and said, I am the Lord God of Abraham thy father, and the 
God of Isaac. The land whereon thou liest, to thee will I 
give it and to thy seed. The Lord also promised that his 
seed should be as the dust of the earth, and that in his seed 
should all the families of the earth be blessed. And behold, 
said he, I am with thee, and will keep thee. Jacob awoke, 
and said. Surely the Lord is in this place, and I knew it not. 
And he called the place Bethel. 

137. What further did Jacob say? 

He vowed unto the Lord, If God will be with me and keep 
me, and give me bread to eat and raiment to put on, so that 



A. M. 2266.] JACOB. 35 

I come again to my father's house in peace, then shall the 
Lord be my God. This stone which I have set up for a 
pillar, shall be God's house ; and of all that thou shalt give 
me, I will surely give the tenth unto thee. 

Ch. XXIX.} — 138. "When Jacob came to Haran, who met him at the 
well? 

Rachel, as she came out to water her sheep. 

139. Who invited him to his house ? 

Her father Laban went out to meet him, and welcomed 
him. 

140. What did Jacob offer to do if he might have Eachel for a wife ? 
To serve Laban seven years. 

141. At the end of that time what happened ? 

Laban deceived him and gave him Leah. So he served 
another seven years for Rachel. 

142. Mention the names of Jacob's children. 

Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, and ISTaphtali ; Gad 
and Asher, Issachar, Zebulon, and Dinah. Also Joseph and 
Benjamin, who were the children of Rachel. 

Ch. XXXI.} — 143. How long did Jacob remain with Laban? 

Twenty years, and greatly increased in wealth. This caused 
the envy of Laban and his sons. 

144. What did the Lord direct Jacob to do ? 

To return to his country. 

Ch. XXXII. [ — 145. On his way thither, by whom was he met? 

By the angels of God. And he said, This is God's host. 

146. Whom did he meet when he came near to Edom ? 
His brother Esau, with four hundred men. 

147. To whom did he look for assistance ? 
To God. 

148. How large a present did he send to his brother ? 

Five hundred and eighty' cattle. His servants also were 



36 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1716. 

directed each to deliver a humble message to Esau, to call 
him lord, and Jacob his servant ; and to inform him that 
Jacob was coming after. 

149. How did he spend the night before meeting Esau ? 

There wrestled a man with him until the break of day ; 
and when he prevailed not, he touched the hollow of Jacob's 
thigh, and it was out of joint. And he said, Let me go, for 
the day breaketh ; but Jacob said, I will not let thee go, ex- 
cept thou bless me. 

150. What new name did the Angel give Jacob ? 

Israel ; def.^ A Prince of God. Because as a prince he 
had power with God and prevailed. Jacob called the place 
Peniel ; def.^ The face of God. 

Chap. XXXIII.} — 151. What kind of meeting had Jacob and Esau ? 
A friendly meeting : and after a little conference, Esau 
departed. 

162. Where did Jacob next build an altar ? 

At Shalem, a city of Shechein ; and he called the name of 
it, El-Elohe-Israel ; def.^ God, the God of Israel. 

Ch. XXXiy.} — 153. What affliction had Jacob in his^ family, and 
what resulted from it ? 

The improper conduct of Dinah with Shechem. Simeon 
and Levi spoiled the city of Shechem, murdered all the men 
of it, and took Dinah home. 

Oh. XXXV. }— 154. Whither did God next direct Jacob to go ? 

To Bethel, and dwell there and build him an altar. As a 
preparation, Jacob told his household to put away all the 
strange gods from among them, and be clean. 

155. Where did God next appear to him ? 

At Padan-Aram, and directed that his name should be 
called Israel. He promised that a nation, and a company of 
nations should be of him, and the land that he had given to 
Abraham and Isaac, he gave to him, and to his seed after 



A. M. 2289.] JACOB. 37 

liim. And Jacob set np a pillar in the place where God 
talked with liim, and poured on it a drink-offering and oil ; 
and he called it Bethel ; def.^ God's house. 

156. Had Jacob another son? 

He had. His mother called him Benoni, the son of my 
sorrow : but his father called him Benjamin, the son of my 
right hand. 

157. Where was Eachel buried ? 

On the way to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem. 

158. What two pillars did Jacob set up? 

One to commemorate the place where God met him, the 
other to mark the place of Rachel's grave. 

159. Had Rachel her nurse to comfort her on her death-bed ? 

N"o, she died before her. She was buried under an oak at 
Bethel, which was called AUon-bachuth, the oak of w^eeping. 

160. 7!)id Jacob see his father again? 

He did ; he went to see him in Mamre. 

161. How old was Isaac when he died? 

One hundred and eighty years. And his sons Esau and 
Jacob buried him. 

Ch. XXXVI.}— 162. What history of Esau is left on record? 

God gave him Mount Seir for a possession ; and his de- 
scendants were called Edomites. He had three wives and 
five sons. Only the names of Esau's sons and grandsons are 
recorded ; not their history. 



38 BIBLE HISTORY. [b.c. 1715. 



CIIAPTEE YII. 

JOSEPH. 

Oh. XXXYII.}— 163. Who was the favorite son of Jacob? 
Joseph. 

164. On what account was he most beloved? 

Because he was the son of his favorite wife, and the son of 
his old age. 

165. How did he manifest his partiality ? 

By giving Joseph a coat of many colors. 

166. Why did Joseph's brethren hate him ? 

Because he had informed their father of their bad conduct, 
and because their father thus loved him. 

167. What two dreams had Joseph, that increased their aversion to 
him? 

First, that while he and his brethren were binding sheaves, 
his sheaf arose and stood erect, while their sheavQS did obei- 
sance to his. The second, that the sun, moon, and eleven 
stars paid him homage. 

168. For what purpose did Jacob send Joseph to Dothan ? 

To see how his brethren and their flocks fared, and bring 
him word. 

169. Give an account of the treatment he there received ? 

When his brethren saw him coming, they said, Behold, this 
dreamer cometh; and they conspired together to kill him 
and cast him into a pit. But Keuben interfered and said, 
Shed no blood, but cast him into this pit, — intending to 
rescue him and restore him to his father. They then stripped 
him of his coat, and did as Beuben counseled them. While 
they sat down to eat bread, a company of Ishmaelites came 



A.M. 2200.] JOSEPH. 89 

from Gilead, bearing spices down into Egypt. Judah then 
proposed that, instead of allowing Joseph to perish in the pit, 
they should sell him to these Ishmaelites. He was accord- 
ingly sold as a slave. They then dipped his garment in the 
blood of a kid, and sent it to Jacob. 

170. What did Jacob say when he saw the coat ? 

Joseph is without donbt rent in pieces ; and he put on 
sackcloth, and said, I will go down into the grave to my son 
mourning. 

Cn. XXXIX.} — 171. How old was Joseph when he was sold? 
Seventeen. (See Gen. xxxvii. 2.) 

172. How did his master Potiphar treat him ? 

He made him overseer of his house, and while in his ser- 
vice the Lord prospered Potiphar, and blessed all that he had. 

173. What was Joseph's reply to the temptation of Potiphar's wife, 
and the consequences ? 

He said, How can I do this great wickedness and sin 
against God. Then, by the false accusations of the woman, 
he was thrown into prison. 

Ch. XL. } — 174. What is said of him while in prison ? 

He gained favor with the keeper, who committed into his 
hand all the other prisoners. While there he interpreted the 
dreams of the chief butler and baker, which were strikingly 
fulfilled. But the chief butler, when restored again to his 
place, forgot Josej^h, and his request to speak for him to 
Pharaoh. 

Cn. XLI.} — 175. Two years after, what occurred that brought Joseph 
into notice ? 

Pharaoh dreamed of seven well-favored kine that came up 
out of the river, and of seven lean kine that came up after 
them, and ate up the first seven. And again he dreamed of 
seven ears of good corn that came upon the stalk, and of 
seven thin ears that came up after them and devoured them. 
Pharaoh was troubled, and sent for all the magicians and 



40 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1707. 

wise men of Egypt to interpret liis dreams, but none of tliem 
could interpret them. At that time the butler remembered 
Joseph, and spake of him to the king. 

176. What did Joseph say Avhen Pharaoh called him ? 

It is not in me : God shall give Pharaoh an answer of peace. 

177. How did Joseph explain the dreams ? 

That the seven fat cattle, and seven full ears, meant seven 
years of great plenty. The seven lean cattle, and seven thin 
ears, seven years of grievous famine that should follow. 

178. What was Joseph's advice to Pharaoh ? 

Let him appoint officers over the land during the years of 
plenty, to lay up grain for the seven years of famine ; so that 
the land perish not. 

179. What did Pharaoh say of Joseph, and to him? 

He said to his servants, Can we find such a man as this, in 
whom the spirit of God is ? And he said to Joseph, There is 
none so discreet and wise as thou art. Thou shalt be over 
my house ; according to thy word shall all my people be 
ruled ; only in the throne will I be greater than thou. I 
have set thee over all the land of Egypt. 

180. What other distinguished marks of regard were shown him ? 
Pharaoh gave him his ring, vestures of fine linen, a gold 

chain, and caused him to ride in the second chariot that he 
had, and be proclaimed ruler over all the land of Egypt. 

181. Joseph's age at this time, and marriage ? 

He was thirty years old ; and Pharaoh gav* him for a 
wife, Asenath, daughter of Potipherah, priest of On. 

182. How many children had Joseph ? 

Two ; he called the first, Manasseh ; def.^ Forgetting : 
For God, said he, hath made me to forget all my toil, and 
my father's house. The second he called, Ephraim ; def.^ 
Fruitful : For God hath caused me to be fruitful in the land 
of my affliction. 



A. M. 2298.] JOSEPH. 41 

183, Did the famine extend any further than Egypt? 

It was in all the countries about, and in the land of Canaan. 

Ch, XLIL } — 184. What did Jacob do when he heard that there was 
corn in Egypt ? 

He sent down all his sons to buy, except Benjamin. 

186. What is meant by corn in Scripture ? 

Wheat, rye, barley, or millet. 

186. Give some account of their first interview with Joseph. 

They bowed down before him with their faces to the earth. 
He knew them, but treated them as spies. They declared 
themselves true men, and gave him an account of their 
father's family. He put them in prison for three days, and 
then released them with the charge to return and bring their 
youngest brother with them. He then sent them away with 
corn for their families. 

187. Of what did this rough treatment remind them? 

Of their cruelty to Joseph. They said. We are verily 
guilty concerning our brother. 

188. Was this remark made in Joseph's presence ? 

It was. They thought he was an Egyptian and could not 
understand their language. And Joseph turned from them 
and w^ept. 

189. Did he permit them all to return? 

All except Simeon, whom he bound before their eyes and 
retained. 

190. When these things were reported to Jacob, what did he say? 

All these things are against me. 

Ch. XLIII. I — 191. Did Jacob consent to let Benjamin accompany them 
tlie second time ? 

He did, after all the corn w^as spent; and said. If it must 
be so, take of the best fruits of the land, and carry down the 
man a present, a little balm, a little honey, spices, myrrh, 
nuts, and almonds, and take double money in your hand ; 



42 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 1706. 

and he said, God Almighty give you mercy before the man, 
that he may send away your other brother and Benjamin. 
If I be bereaved of my children, I am bereaved. 

192. How did Joseph receive them the second time? 

He had them brought in to dine with him, and released 
Simeon. He asked after their welfare and that of their 
father, and wept when he saw Benjamin-. At table, he ap- 
pointed for Benjamin's mess five times as much as any of 
theirs. 

Oh. XLIY.}— 193. What occurred after they left Joseph ? 

The steward had been directed to place Joseph's silver cup 
in Benjamin's sack. Joseph then told the steward to pursue 
them and charge them with stealing his cup.^ When they 
found it in Benjamin's sack they rent their clothes, and re- 
turned to the city. 

194. What did Joseph propose to do? 
To keep Benjamin as a slave. 

195. What did Judah say? 

He told Joseph the story of his father's sorrow in parting 
from Benjamin, and said, If Benjamin return not with us, we 
shall bring down the gray hairs of thy servant, "our father, 
with sorrow to the grave. He offered also to remain a bond- 
man in the place of Benjamin, since he had made himself a 
suretj^ for him to his father ; and said, For how shall I go up 
to my father, and the lad not with me, lest I see the evil that 
shall come on my father. 

Oh. XLY.} — 196. When his own history was thus brought fresh to his 

' The ancient Egyptians had a kind of divination by cnps. Prognostics were 
drawn from the figures reflected by the rays of light in the clear water the cup con- 
tained. Somotimes small pieces of gold or silver leaf were thrown into the cup, or 
precious stones, on which certain characters were engraved. Then the inquirer re- 
peated certain forms of adjuration, and invoked his gods. The answer was some- 
times taken from the reflection of the signs on the stones in the water ; sometimes 
the image of the person, respecting whom the inquiry was made, appeared thereui, 
as was supposed. 



A. M. 2299.] JACOB IN EGYPT. 43 

mind, witli the sorrow it had caused his father, and when he saw how 
his father's affections had since concentrated on Benjamin, liow was 
Joseph affected ? 

He could no longer refrain himself, but caused all the 
Egyptians to go out from him, while he made himself known 
to his brethren. He wept aloud, so that the Egyptians and 
the house of Pharaoh heard him. Then he said, I am Joseph. 
Doth my father yet live? His brethren could not answer 
him, for they were troubled at his presence ; bnt he charged 
them not to be grieved, for God sent him before them to save 
their lives. And he hastened them to go up to their father, 
and tell him that God had made him lord over all Egypt, and 
to come down and dwell in Egypt, for there were yet five 
years of famine. He charged them to tell his father of all 
his glory, and to lade their beasts, and take wagons to bring 
his father into Egypt, with their wives and their little ones, 
and bread and meat for the journey. And he sent them 
away with this charge. See that ye fall not out by the way. 

197. What was the effect of this unexpected news upon Jacob ? 

His heart fainted, and he believed them not. But when 
he saw the wagons, his spirit revived, and he said. It is 
enough, Joseph my son is yet alive ; I will go and see him 
before I die. 



CHAPTEE YIII. 

JACOB IN EGYPT. 

Oh. XLYI.f — 198. What happened to Jacob on his way to Egypt? 

At Beersheba he offered sacrifices, and God spake unto 
him in night-visions ; saying, He w^ould make of him a great 
nation, and go with him into Egypt, and also surely bring 
him up again ; and promised him what implied that Joseph 
should live while he lived, and close his eyes. At Goshen 



44 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1689. 

he saw Joseph, who had come up in his chariot to meet his 
father ; and he fell on his neck and wept. 

199. What did Israel say ? 

ISTow let me die, since I have seen thy face, because thou 
art yet alive. 

Oh. XLVII.}— 200. How did Pharaoh regard the family of Joseph? 

He said. The land of Egypt is before them. Let them 
dwell in the best of the land. 

201. Give some account of the interview between Pharaoh and Jacob. 
Jacob blessed Pharaoh. And Pharaoh said. How old art 

thou ? Jacob answered. An hundred and thirty years. Few 
and evil have the days of the years of my life been, and have 
not attained unto the days of the years of the life of my 
fathers, in the days of their pilgrimage. And he again 
blessed Pharaoh, and went out from before him. 

202. How long did Jacob live in Egypt ? 
Seventeen years. 

203. Give Jacob's dying charge to his son Joseph. 

He expressed his desire to lie with his fathers, and charged 
Joseph, and afterwards all his sons, to carry him out of Egypt 
and bury him in their burying-place. ' 

Ch. XLVIII.f — 204. What is said of Jacob when informed that Joseph 
had come to visit him with his two sons ? 

He strengthened himself and sat up in the bed. He then 
gave to Joseph a recital of God's promises to him, and re- 
ceived Joseph's sons into his own family, saying. Thy sons 
are mine. They were not as his grandchildren, but as his 
own children. They were not to inherit the honor of Joseph 
in Egypt, but they were to inherit through Jacob, the prom- 
ises made to Abraham and Isaac. 

205. What was the blessing he pronounced upon them ? 
The Angel which redeemed me from all evil, bless the 
lads ; and let my name be named on them, and the name of 



A. M. 2316.] JACOB IN EGYPT. 45 

mj fathers, Abraham and. Isaac ; and let them grow into a 
mnlti tilde in the midst of the earth. When Joseph saw that 
his father had his right hand on the head of Ephraim, the 
younger, and his left on Manasseh, he said, IS'ot so, my father, 
Manasseh is the hrst-born ; put thy right hand on his head. 
But Jacob refused and said, I know it, my son, I know it ; he 
shall become great, but his younger brother shall be greater 
than he, and his seed shall become a multitude of nations. 
In thee shall Israel bless, saying, God make thee as Ephraim, 
and as Manasseh. 

Ch. XLIX.j — 206. For what purpose did Jacob call his sons together? 

To tell them what should befall them in the last days. 

207. What was the substance of his address to Reuben ? 

He spoke of him as his first-born, the beginning of his 
strength, the excellency of dignity and of power. But these 
privileges of his birthright he had forfeited by his sin. Un- 
stable, said he, as water, thou shalt not excel. He seemed to 
have lost all that influence over his brethren, to which his 
birthright entitled him. Gen. xlii. 22. He had a tribe, but in 
it was no judge, prophet, or prince found ; no person of any 
distinction, only Dathan and Abiram, who were noted for 
their rebellion against Moses, l^ot aiming to excel, he chose 
a settlement on this side of Jordan. 

208. What to Simeon and Levi ? 

They had destroyed all the Shechemites, for the sin of a 
single individual. Tliey were brethren in disposition, fierce 
and uncontrollable. Their swords, that should have been 
used for defence, they used for violence. I will divide them 
in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel. According to this pre- 
diction, they were scattered through the other tribes ; though 
the curse was changed into a blessing.^ Simeon's lot was 



1 The tribe of Levi furnished the priests and other ministers of religion ; the tribe 
of Simeon furnished the scribes, men skilled in the law, and the principal teachers 
of the people. 



46 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 1689. 

strait, and many of the tribe were forced to disperse them- 
selves in quest of settlements and subsistence. This tribe, 
which ranked third in point of numbers when they left 
Egypt, was so reduced, that when it reached Palestine, it was 
lowest. 

209. What was Judah's blessing ? 

The name Judah signifies Praise. Judah, thou art he 
whom thy brethren shall praise. Thy hand shall be in the 
neck of thine enemies ; thy father's children shall bow down 
to thee. The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a law- 
giver from between his feet, until Shiloh come. God was 
praised for him, God was praised by him, and in him. It 
was signified that the tribe should be victorious and success- 
ful in war. This was fulfilled in David. Ps. xviii. 40. The 
tribe was superior to the other tribes in numbers, and also 
had dominion over them. They took the lead in the wilder- 
ness and in the conquest of Canaan ; and the excellency and 
dignity of the birthright, forfeited by Reuben, so far as re- 
lates to the right of dominion, was conferred on Judah. ^ A 
lion was the emblem of his tribe, to signify his strength and 
power. He was compared, not to a lion ranging, but to a 
lion couching, enjoying the satisfaction of his power and stic- 
cess. The power and authority was never to depart from 
Judah, until the Messiah should come ; and Judah continued 
to maintain a distinct organized existence until the time of 
the taxing or enrollment, by wdiich Judah became a Roman 
province, w^hich took place about the time of Christ. The 
dying Jacob, at a great distance, saw by faith Christ's day, 
and this sight comforted and supported him on his death-bed. 
The eleventh and twelfth verses signify the richness of the 
land which was Judah's portion in Palestine, which was 

1 It is the opinion of some that the birthright forfeited by Eenben, was divided 
between Judah, Levi, and Joseph. Judah had the dominion, Levi the priesthood, 
Joseph the double portion, his two sons having been constituted two distinct 
tribes. 



A. M. 2316.] JACOB IN EGYPT. 47 

riclier and much larger in extent than that of any other of 
the tribes. 

210. What did he say of Zebuhm ? 

Zebuhm shall dwell in the haven of the sea ; and he shall 
be for a haven of ships ; and his border shall be unto Zidon. 
The name signifies Habitation. Though Jacob was divinely 
inspired, the result of this showed the providence of God, for 
the land of Canaan was not divided until several hundred 
years after, and then it was divided by lot. His inheritance 
bordered on Lake Tiberias, and connected with the Mediter- 
ranean. The tribe consisted of merchants and mariners. 

211. Of Issachar? 

Issachar is a strong ass, couching down between two bur- 
dens. And he saw that rest was good, and the laud that it 
was pleasant, and he bowed his shoulder to bear, and became 
a servant unto tribute. The men of that tribe were strong 
and industrious, and devoted to husbandry. Their portion of 
land in Canaan was so rich and productive, that the tribe de- 
voted itself to the labors of agriculture, taking little interest 
in the public affairs of the nation. The two burdens were 
labor and tribute. They are commended (1 Ghron. xii. 32) 
as men that had understanding of the times, to know what 
Israel ought to do. 

212. What was prophesied of Dan? 

Dan shall judge his people ; and be a serpent by the way, 
an adder in the path. Dan was the son of a concubine, but 
became a tribe, and was governed by judges of his own. 
This prophecy may refer to Samson, who delivered Israel out 
of the hands of the Philistines ; not as the other j udges, by 
fighting them in the field, but by vexations and annoyances, 
as when he pulled down the house with three thousand Phi- 
listines on the roof.^ 

1 Dan i3 thought by Dr. Owen and others to be called a serpent by the way, &c., 
because idolatry commenced and prevailed in this tribe. See the history of Micah, 



48 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1689. 

213. Between the prophetical benedictions of Dan and Gad, what was 
the ejac.ulatory prayer of Jacob ? 

I have waited for thy salvation, O Lord. 

214. What did he say of Gad ? 

The name signifies a troop. So Jacob said, A troop shall 
overcome him, but he shall overcome at last. The Gadites 
were a warlike tribe, men of might, fit for the battle. 1 Chron. 
xii. 8. Having been beaten several times, the prediction was 
accomplished, when, in the battles of Saul and David, they 
overcame the Moabites and Amorites. 

215. What did he say of Asher? 

Out of Asher his bread shall be fat, and he shall yield 
royal dainties. The name signifies Blessed. His portion in 
Canaan was one of the richest parts of the country. Here 
King Solomon had one of his purveyors to provide food for 
him and his household. 1 Kings iv. 16. 

216. What of Naphtali? 

ITaphtali is a hind let loose ; he giveth goodly words. The 
word signifies Wrestling. The blessing signifies Prevailing. 
The people of this tribe were like the hind, remarkably kind 
and endearing, zealous for liberty, and quick in dispatch of 
business. 

217. What of Joseph ? 

Joseph is a fruitful bough, even a fruitful bough by a well, 
whose branches run over the wall. The archers have sorely 
grieved him, and shot at him, and hated him. But his bow 
abode in strength, and the arms of his hands were made 
strong by the hands of the Mighty God of Jacob (from thence 
is the shepherd, the stone of Israel). He is a fruitful bough, 
for God had made him fruitful in the land of his affliction. 



whose gods were stolen by the men of Dan ; and the history of Jeroboam who set 
np calves in Bethel and Dan. This foresight of these things is also supposed to 
have occasioned that apparently abrupt and unconnected exclamation of Jacob, " I 
have waited for thy salvation, Lord." 



A. M. 2316] JACOB IN EGYPT. 49 

His two sons were as branches of a vine, running over a wall. 
Jacob reminded liim, though now at his ease, of his former 
difficulties, of his enemies, the archers, that had grieved him, 
meaning his brethren, and his mistress in Potiphar's house. 
Yet his bow abode in strength, his faith rested in the Cove- 
nant God of Jacob, who had given him wisdom, courage, and 
patience to sustain him in all his trials. He closed with enu- 
merating the various blessings of Joseph, blessings of heaven, 
which are spiritual, and which we ought to desire and seek 
after in the first place, and blessings temporal, which ought 
to lie " under" in our esteem ; and tliey were to be durable 
and extensive, like the everlasting hills.-^ 

218. What did he say of Benjamin? 

Benjamin shall raven as a wolf. In the morning he shall 
devour the prey, and at night divide the spoil. Jacob, in 
speaking of his beloved son, was guided by a spirit of pro- 
phecy, and not by natural aifection, or he might have been 
expected to speak of him with more tenderness. He foretold 
that Benjamin's posterity should be a warlike tribe, strong 
and daring. Many of them were left-handed. Ehud the 
second judge, Saul the first king, and Esther and Mordecai, 
were of this tribe. The Benjamites ravened like wolves, 
when they so desperately espoused the cause of the men of 
Gibeah, those men of Belial. Judg. xx. 14. The Apostle 
Paul was also of this tribe. Rom. xi. 1 ; Phil. iii. 5.^ 

219. How old was Jacob when he died? 
One hundred and forty-seven years. 

Cn. L.| — 220. What did Joseph command his servants to do to Jacob's 
dead body ? 

To embalm it. 



* Isaac had but one blessing, and when he had given that to Jacob, he was at a 
loss for a blessing to bestow upon Esau ; but Jacob had a blessing for each of his 
twelve sons, and now at the latter end, a copious one for Joseph. — Henry. 

'■' Paul did, in the morning of that day, devour the prey as a persecutor, but in the 
evening divide the spoil as a preacher. — Ibid. 

3 



50 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1635. 

221. How long did the Egyptians mourn for Israel ? 
Seventy days. 

222. Give some account of his burial. 

A great company of Egyptians went up into Canaan with 
Joseph ; both chariots and horsemen, and all the brethren of 
Joseph ; and they made a great mourning there for seven 
days ; and they buried him in the cave of Machpelah. The 
Canaanites said, This is a grievous mourning to the Egyptians. 

223. What is said of Joseph's brethren after their father's death ? 
They feared he would punish them for the wrong they had 

done, and prayed him to forgive them. And he wept as they 
bowed down and said, We be thy servants. But he comfort- 
ed them, and said. Ye meant it for evil, but God for good. 
And he promised to nourish them and their little ones. 

224. When Joseph was near his death, what did he say to his brethren ? 
God will surely visit and bring you up out of this land. 

And he made them promise that they would carry his bones 
from thence. 

226. How old was he when he died ? 

One hundred and ten years. And they embalmed him, 
and put him in a coffin in Egypt. 



Questions concerning the Creation are such as have always 
excited great interest ; and the first chapter of this Book 
has, therefore, in every word been explored, examined, and 
discussed with the most sedulous anxiety, and the most mi- 
nute and critical attention. Yet we know that wherever the 
beginning was in time, or whatever it was in form, that be- 
ginning was God's creative act. 

It was formerly supposed that the creation of the world in 
its crude state, immediately preceded the work of the six 
days. But later, men have found in the earth, facts and cir- 
cumstances which tend to show that the world, under various 



A. M 2370.] THE CREATION. 51 

modiiications, had existed tlioiisaiids of ages before tliie crea- 
tion of man. The pious man was alarmed at this as adverse 
to his own impressions of the creation ; and in his earnest bnt 
short-sighted zeal, repelled the new science with abhorrence. 
On the other side, the scoffer exnlted in a new weapon against 
the truth and authority of the Divine Word. 

But certain facts in the science of the earth seem to be in- 
disputable. The disclosures are not reasonings, nor conjec- 
tures, nor hypotheses, but facts, visible and certain. So, 
knowing that if these things were true, they could not be at 
variance with God's truth, wise men have more carefully 
examined the record of Moses, and they have found enough 
to make them hail the new science, not as an opponent, but 
as an auxiliary of inspired truth, a new commentary left 
entombed for ages, but now brought to light to show the 
hitherto hidden meaning of one portion of the Sacred Word. 
Still it is seen that God reigns ; that the Bible is true ; and 
the record stands unshaken in the war of theories, strength- 
ened by the very facts which once seemed to threaten its 
overthrow ; — a pillar of central truth, to which all these facts 
gravitate, and by the measure of their adhesion to which, 
their worth is tested. 

It has been believed by some, that the days of creation 
were not natural days, but long intervals of time. However 
this may be, it is said that in the beginning God created the 
heavens and the earth; and nothing is said of that interme- 
diate condition in which it might have lain for long ages. 
That such an interval was provided in the sacred text, is not 
altogether a new discovery, nor has it been altogether extort- 
ed from the volume of inspiration by the demands of the new 
science. Ages ago, several of the ancient fathers conceived 
that a long period of time existed between " the beginning" 
of the creation and the beginning of the six days. Although 
difficulties yet remain, we know that geological science is not 
perfected ; and the more it advances, the more the apparent 



52 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 1531. 

discrepancies between its facts and tlie teachings of the Mosaic 
record have diminished. Thus the wonderful Book of God 
is ever in advance of us ; and science only serves to evolve 
its inner meanings, which were not suited to earlier times, 
and which antecedent ages and generations were therefore 
unable to discover. 



EXODUS. 

B.C. 1635-1490 A.M. 3369-3514:. 



1. Define the title of this book. 

It signifies Departure, or Going forth. 

2. What are the principal subjects of the book? 

It is a book of miracles and types. It commences by 
showing that the Lord looked down with pity on the afflic- 
tions of his people in Egypt, heard their cry, and sent Moses 
to be their deliverer, w^ho inflicted ten dreadful plagues on 
Pharaoh. Israel prepared to* go out of Egypt to Canaan; 
the Sacrament of the Passover was ordained to keep in 
memory this singular deliverance. Israel went forth. Pha- 
raoh and his hosts pm'sued them, and were drowned in the 
Ped Sea. Jehovah gave a signal token of his presence in 
the pillar of cloud and fire. He gave bread and flesh from 
heaven, and water from the rock. Israel went to Sinai, 
where Jehovah, through Moses, gave to them his holy laws 
and ecclesiastical ordinances. From chap. 25th to the end of 
the book, we have an interesting account of God's establish- 
ing public worship in the wilderness. He gave to Moses, on 
Sinai, an exact pattern of the Tabernacle and its furniture. 
He set apart Aaron and his sons for the priesthood, and re- 



A. M. 2474. J MOSES A DELIVERER. 53 

vived the Sabbath. The Tabernacle was finished, towards 
which the people contributed liberally and joyfully. Wiien 
all these things were finished, the Sabbath restored, the 
priests appointed, the Tabernacle consecrated, Jehovah 
came down and his glory filled the house. Thus was the 
public worship of God the Saviour established for all gen 
erations. 

3, How long a history is contained in Exodus ? 

One hundred and forty-five years. 



CHAPTEE I. 

MOSES A DELIVEBEK. 

ExoD., Ch. I.} — 4. What is said of the Children of Israel after the 
death of Joseph and that generation ? 

They increased, until they filled the land. Then a new 
king, who knew not Joseph, undertook to suppress them, 
and ordered all the male children to be killed at their birth. 
IS^ot succeeding in this plan, he ordered them to be cast into 
the river. 

Ch. II. [ — 5. Give some account of the birth, education, and marriage 
of Moses. 

He was a descendant of Levi. His mother hid him three 
months, and when she could no longer hide him, he was 
placed in an ark of bulrushes by the river's side. There 
Pharaoh's daughter found him, took him, named him Moses 
{def.^ Drawn out), and educated him as her own son. He 
fled from Egypt, on account of having interfered in a quarrel 
between an Egyptian and one of the Hebrews. On this ac- 
count Pharaoh sought his life. He fled to Midian, and after- 
wards married a daughter of Jethro, priest of Midian. 



54 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 1491. 

6. How many years of his life did he spend in Pharaoh's court ? 

Forty. Acts vii. 43. 

Ch. Ill,} — 7. When did God first appear to Moses ? 

At Horeb, where he was feeding the flock of Jethro. 
And the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a flame of 
fire, out of the midst of a bush. And he looked, and behold, 
the bush burned with fire, and was not consumed. 

'8. What did the Lord say to Moses, and the effect on liim? 

Draw not nigh hither ; put ofiP thy shoes from off thy feet, 
for the place where thou standest is holy ground. And 
Moses hid his face, for he was afraid to look upon God. 

9. What was this burning husli an emblem of? 

Of the Church in bondage in Egypt ; burning in the brick- 
kilns, yet not consumed ; perplexed, but not in despair ; cast 
down, but not destroyed. 2 Cor. iv. 8, 9; Gen. xv. 17; Is. 
X. 17. 

10. What commission did the Lord give Moses ? 

A threefold commission. He was sent as a prophet to 
Israel to assure them of a speedy deliverance ; as an embas- 
sador to Pharaoh to treat with him, or demand their dis- 
charge ; also as a prince to Israel, to conduct and command 
them, bringing them out of their bondage in Egypt into a 
land flow^ing with milk and honey. 

11. Should the people question his authority, what encouragement did 
the Lord give Moses ? 

That He would be with him ; that the name by which He 
would be known to them was, I am that I am! And he 
should say to the children of Israel, The Lord God of your 
fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, the God of 
Jacob, hath sent me unto you.^ 

Ch. IY. } — 12. By what sign was he to convince the children of Israel 
that God had sent him ? 

J God's covenant relation to his people is what he glories in, and what he will 
have us ever remember as his memorial to all generations. 



A.M. 2514.] MOSES A DELIVERER. 55 

By changing his rod into a serpent, by his hand becoming 
leprous, and by restoring each again. If these were not 
sufficient, he was to pour the water of the river upon the 
land, and it should become blood. 

13. What objection did Moses make against going to Egypt? 

O my Lord, I am not eloquent ; but I am slow of speech, 
and of a slow tongue.^ 

14. The Lord's reply ? 

Who made man's mouth ? or who maketh the dumb or 
deaf, or the seeing or the blind? Have not I, the Lord? 
"When Moses further objected, the Lord appointed Aaron to 
speak for him unto the people, promising himself to teach 
them what they should do.^ 

15. When Moses and Aaron came to the children of Israel, how was 
their message received? 

The people believed ; and when they heard that the Lord 
had looked upon their affliction, they bowed their heads and 
worshiped. 

Ch, V.} — 16. Their interview with Pharaoh, and its results? 

They said to Pharaoh, Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, 
Let my people go, that they may hold a feast to me in the 
wilderness. But he disdainfully rejected their request, and 
when they further urged it, he increased the burdens of the 
people, and allowed them no straw to make bricks. 

17. To whom did the Israelites make their complaint ? 

To Moses, and he laid it before the Lord, who directed him 
to encourage the Israelites, and remind them again of the 
covenant he had made with their fathers, that he would give 



» Moses was "mighty in word," and yet not eloquent. Acts vii. 22. Paul's 
speech was " contemptible." 2 Cor. x. 10. Christ's disciples were no orators until 
the spirit made them such. 

2 Although Moses wa.s so highly honored by God, he shows his kind and cour- 
teous disposition by asking Jethro's permission to leave him. Moses as a servant 
was faithful in all his house. Beb. iii. 5. 



56 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1491. 

them the land which he had sworn to give to Abraham, 
Isaac, and Jacob. 

Ch. VII.} — 18. What did the Lord say he would make Moses to 
Pharaoh ? 

He would make him a god, and Aaron should be his 
prophet. 'Not essentially or a god by natnre, but made one 
by commission. He was a god, but only one to Pharaoh. 
The living and true God is God to all the world. (Angels 
and human rulers are called gods.) 

19. How old were Moses and Aaron when they came before Pharaoh ? 
Moses was eighty, and Aaron was eighty-three. 

20. When Pharaoh asked of them a miracle to prove that God had 
sent them, what was Aaron to do ? 

To throw down his rod, and it should become a serpent. 
He did so. The magicians did the same, and their rods 
became serpents also ; but Aaron's rod swallowed up their 
rods. 

21. What was the eifect on Pharaoh? 
He hardened his heart. 



CHAPTEK II. 

THE TEN PLAGUES, AND DEPARTUKE FROM EGYPT. 

22. How many plagues were sent on the Egyptians ? 

Ten. 

Oh. Vn., yni.} — 23. Describe the first, second, and third. 

They were the plagues of Blood, Frogs, and Lice. 

First. — Blood. Aaron stretched out his rod upon the 
waters of Egypt, and they all became blood. The fish in the 
river died, and the Egyptians could not drink of the water. 



A. M. asH.] THE TEN PLAGUES. 57 

This continued seven days. Pharaoh still refused to let the 
people go. 

Second. — Frogs came up from the waters into their houses, 
their bed-chambers, and on their food. Pharaoh then prom- 
ised Moses and Aaron that, if this plague were removed, he 
would let the people go ; but when his request was granted, 
he ao^ain hardened his heart. 

Third. — All the dust of the land became lice, in man and 
beast, throughout the land of Egypt. This plague the magi- 
cians could not imitate, and they said, This is the linger of 
God. Still Pharaoh hardened his heart. 

Ch. YIIL, IX. }— 24. The next three, or the fourtli, fifth, and sixth. 

They were Flies, Murrain, and Boils. 

Fourth. — Flies, in grievous swarms, came into the house of 
Pharaoh, and into all the land of Egypt ; only into the land 
of Goshen, among the Hebrews, they came not. Pharaoh 
then offered permission for the people to sacrifice ; but when 
the plague was removed, again refused to let them go. 

Fifth. — A grievous murrain then came upon all the cattle, 
so that all the cattle in Egypt died, but not one among the 
Hebrews. 

Sixth. — Boils were sent, breaking out upon man and beast, 
upon the magicians and all the Egyptians. 

Oh. IX., X. } — 25. The next three, or the seventh, eighth, and ninth. 

They were Hail, Locusts, and Darkness. 

Seventh. — Hail, such as had never before been known. 
Thunder and fire were mingled with it. The hail smote 
every thing that was in the fields, man and beast, every herb 
and tree, and destroyed the flax and the barley. Only where 
the children of Israel were, there was no hail. 

Eighth. — Locusts. When this plague was threatened, the 
servants of Pharaoh said to him, Knowest thou not yet that 
Egypt is destroyed ? But when he found the people would 
take their sons and daughters, and all they possessed, to go 
and sacrifice, he threatened them with evil, and drove them 

3* 



58 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 1491. 

from his presence. The next day the Lord caused an east 
wind to bring the locusts, and they covered the earth so that 
the land was darkened, and no green thing remained after 
them. Pharaoh then prayed for forgiveness, and that this 
death only might be taken away ; and the Lord caused a 
strong west wind to cast them all into the Red Sea; but 
Pharaoh again refused to let them go. 

N^inth. — Darkness was brought upon the land, which con- 
tinued three days ; a thick darkness that might be felt, and 
none saw another, nor rose up from their places. But the 
children of Israel had light in their dwellings. 

26. "What was Pharaoh's next proposition ? 

To let all go except the flocks and herds ; but Moses would 
not consent to this, for they wanted animals for sacrifice. 

27. What did Pharaoh then say ? 

" Get thee from me. See my face no more ; for in the day 
thou seest it, thou shalt die." And Moses said, Thou hast 
spoken well. I will see thy face again no more. 

Ch. XI. [ — 28. What was the tenth and last plague ? 

The death of all the first-born of Egypt. 

Oh. XII. [ — 29. How were the Hebrews to be preserved? 

They were to kill a lamb, and strike of the blood upon their 
door-posts and lintels ; and wherever this was seen, the de- 
stroying angel should pass over and not enter.^ 

30. What feast was instituted to keep this in remembrance? 

The feast of the Passover. 

81. What happened that night in Egypt ? 

The Angel of the Lord went forth and smote all the first- 
born of all the Egyptians, and the first-born of all beasts. 
And Pharaoh rose up in the night, and there was a great cry 



1 The blood was to be sprinkled on the lintel and side posts, but not on the 
threshold ; which cautions us to take heed of " trampling under foot" the blood of 
the covenant. — Henry. 



A. M. 2514.] DEPARTUKE FROM EGYPT. 59 

in all the land. There was not a house in which was not one 
dead. Pharaoh then sent away the people in haste, and the 
Egyptians were urgent, and said, "We be all dead men. The 
Israelites went out, carrying silver, and gold, and raiment, so 
that they spoiled the Egyptians. Six hundred thousand men 
departed, besides children, and a mixed multitude together, 
with numerous flocks and herds. 

82. How long bad the children of Israel been in Egypt ? 

Two hundred and fifteen years. The four hundred and 
thirty years spoken of in the fortieth verse, date from the 
promise made to Abraham. Gen. xii. 2. Paul explains it. 
Gal. iii. 17. 

Oh. XIII. }• — 33. What day were the Israelites commanded to keep in 
remembrance ? 

The fourteenth day of the first month, Abib. This month 
answers to a part of March and April. They were to eat un- 
leavened bread, with bitter herbs, for seven days ; to set 
apart to the Lord all the first-born of their flocks and herds, 
and redeem the first-born of their children. The meaning of 
these things, and the cause of the feast being instituted, they 
were to teach to their children through all generations. 

34. Of what was the Paschal Lamb typical ? 

Of Christ, who is called the Lamb of God, and our Pass- 
over, crucified for us. It was to be a lamb of the first year, 
in its prime, as Christ was ofi'ered up in the midst of his days. 
It was to be without blemish ; so he is spoken of as a Lamb 
without spot. 1 Pet. i. 19. It was to be set apart four days 
before ; and Christ, who was crucified at the time of the 
Passover, entered Jerusalem four days before, on the very 
day that the paschal lamb was set apart. IlTot a bone of it 
was to be broken, which is expressly said to be fulfilled in 
Christ. Jolin xix. 36.^ 



Henry. 



60 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1491. 

85. Why were they always to eat unleavened bread at the Passover? 
In remembrance of their being confined to siich bread, of 

necessity, for many days after they came out of Egypt. 

86. What Christian Sacrament is observed in the place of the Jewish 
Passover 1 

The Lord's Supper. 

87. By what were the Israelites led ? 

The Lord went before them in a pillar of cloud by day, and 
of fire by night. 

88. What did the Israelites do with Joseph's bones, when they left 
Egypt? 

They took them with them as they had promised, and prob- 
ably the bones of the other fathers of the tribes. Acts vii. 
15, 16. 

Oh. XIV. I— 89. Where did Pharaoh overtake them? 

At the place of their encampment by the Red Sea. 

40. What directions did the Lord give Moses, and what was the fate 
of the Egyptians ? 

The Lord said. Speak unto the children of Israel that they 
go forward. But lift thou up thy rod, and stretch out thy 
hand over the sea and divide it. Moses did so, and the 
Israelites went through the sea on dry ground, and the 
Egyptians followed after them. And in the morning-watch, 
the Lord looked through the pillar of cloud and fire upon the 
Egyptians and troubled them, so that their chariot wheels 
came off; and they said, Let us flee from the face of Israel, 
for the Lord fighteth for them. Moses was commanded 
again to stretch out his hand over the sea, and the waters re- 
turned, and overthrew all the hosts of Pharaoh in the midst 
of the sea. 

Ch, XY.\ — 41. How did Moses and the Israelites express their joy 
and gratitude ? 

By a song of praise. 

42. Repeat some portions of this song. 



A.M. 2514] MURMURINGS OF THE PEOPLE. 61 

I will sing unto the Lord, for he hath triumphed gloriously ; 
the horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea. The 
Lord is my Strength and Song, and he is become my Salva- 
tion. Pharaoh's chariots and his host hath he cast into the 
sea ; his chosen captains also are drowned in the Red Sea. 
"Who is like unto thee, O Lord, among the gods? who is 
like thee, glorious in holiness, fearful in praises, doing won- 
ders ? 

43. Who accompanied the song? 

Miriam, the sister of Moses, went out with the women, 
with timbrels and dances, and answered. Sing ye to the 
Lord, for he hath triumphed gloriously ; the horse and his 
rider hath he thrown into the sea. 



CHAPTER III. 

THE MURMURINGS OF THE PEOPLE. SINAI. 

Ch. XY.} — 44. What was the first complaint of the Israelites, after 
they left the Eed Sea? 

They complained for want of water ; and at Marah, they 
complained that the water was bitter. Moses, by the direc- 
tion of the Lord, cast a tree into the waters, and they be- 
came sweet. 

Ch. XVI. [ — 45. For what was the next complaint? 
For bread. 

46. What did the Lord give them ? 
Manna. 

47. Its appearance, taste, and rules for gathering ? 

It was like coriander seed, white, and the taste like wafers 
made with honey. They were to gather, every morning, an 



62 BIBLE HISTOKY. [b.c. 1491. 

omer for every man, except on the sixth day, when they were 
to gather a double quantity for the Sabbath. 

48. What else was given them ? 

Quails came up at even, and covered the camp. 

On. XVII.}— 49. Their next complaint? 

Want of water. 

50. How procured ? 

Moses smote the rock in Horeb, and water gushed out. 
He called the place Massah and Meribah ; def.^ Temptation 
and Strife. 

51. While there, who came against the children of Israel? 
The Amalekites, descendants of Esau. 

52. Who led Israel against them, and what was their fate? 
Joshua led the people, and the Amalekites were destroyed. 

53. How was Moses engaged at the time? 

He went up to the top of the hill to pray. When his 
hands became heavy, Aaron and Hur held them up until the 
victory was gained. 

54. What directions did the Lord give Moses in regard to this battle ? 
Write this for a memorial in a book ; and rehearse it in 

the ears of Joshua. (This is the first mention of writing, in 
the Scripture.) 

55. How else did Moses commemorate it? 

He built an altar, and called it Jehovah-nissi, The Lord 
my Banner. 

Oh. XYIII.} — 56. When Jethro came, with Moses' wife, and his two 
sons, how was he entertained ? 

Moses related to him all the goodness of God to Israel, and 
Jethro rejoiced with him. Moses made him a feast, and 
Aaron and all the elders came to eat bread with him, 

57. How was Moses employed on the next day ? 

He judged the people from morning until evening. 



A. M. 2514.] SINAI. 63 

58. What was Jethro's suggestion to Moses ? 

That he should appoint assistant-judges, able men, such as 
feared God, hating covetousness ; and every small matter 
they should judge ; only the hard matters they should bring 
to Moses. 

Ch. XIX.} — 59, Where did the children of Israel next encamp? 

At Mount Sinai. 

60. .Give God's message out of the mount, by Moses, to the people. 
Ye have seen what I did unto the Egyptians, and how I 

bare you on eagle's wings and brought you unto myself. 
IS'ow, therefore, if ye will obey my voice, and keep my cove- 
nant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me, above all 
people ; for all the earth is mine. 

61. When Moses rehearsed this to the people, what was their reply? 
All that the Lord hath spoken we will do. 

62. What was the introduction to the giving of the law ? 

The third day there were thunders, lightnings, a thick 
cloud upon the mount, and the voice of a trumpet so loud 
that it made the people tremble. And the whole mountain 
was on a smoke, like the smoke of a furnace, and quaked 
greatly. 

Ch. XX.} — 63. Eepeat the law as contained in the ten commandments. 
Yerses 3-17. 

64. How were the people affected by all they saw and heard ? 
They were afraid, and removed afar off, and said to Moses, 

Speak thou with us and we will hear, but let not God speak 
with us, lest we die. 

65. What furtlier instructions was Moses commanded to give the 
people? 

A prohibition against idolatry, and directions how to build 
an altar. 

Ch. XXI.} — 66. Give some of the laws concerning Hebrew servants. 
He that bought a Hebrew servant, was to retain him six 



64: BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1491. 

years, and let him go on the seventh. If he brought a wife 
with him, she was also to be free. If he married while in 
servitude, the wife and children were to remain in bondage. 
If he preferred his wife and children to freedom, he was to 
go before judges, and have his ear bored {Ps. xl. 6) and serve 
for life. If a man sold his daughter for a maid-servant, and 
she pleased not her master, she was not to go out as male ser- 
vants, but should be redeemed. If he gave her to his son, 
and the son treated her not as a companion, she was -to go 
out without money. The father could take her home. 

67. Mention some of the crimes for which death was the penalty. 

He that smiteth a man so that he die, that is, if he cometh 
presumptuously upon his neighbor to slay him with guile. 
He that smiteth his father or his mother. He that stealeth a 
man and selleth him ; or if he be found in his hand. He 
that curseth his father or his mother. If an ox was unruly, 
and the owner knew of it, and the ox gored a man or woman 
to death, the owner also should be put to death. 

Oh. XXII. f — 68. What are some of the other things mentioned in the 
Jewish law ? 

All manner of trespass, or any lost thing which another 
challengeth to be his, should be repaid double ; in some 
cases fivefold (ver. 1st). They were not to vex or oppress a 
stranger ; because they were strangers in the land of Egypt. 
They were not to afflict a widow, or any fatherless child. 
They were not to be to the poor as usurers, or to exact usury. 
See chapters 21, 22, 23. 

Oh. XXIII.} — 69. What feasts were appointed? 

The Passover, Pentecost, and Feast of Tabernacles. The 
Passover was to be kept in the Spring, to commemorate the 
departure of the Israelites from Egypt. That of Pentecost 
w^as kept in the Summer, and was the feast of the first-fruits. 
The Feast of Tabernacles was in the Autumn, and celebrated 
tte ingathering of the harvest. 



A. M. 2514.] CEREMONIAL LAW. 65 

70. "What guide did the Lord promise to the Israelites ? 

He said that his Angel should go before them, and bring 
them into the promised land ; and he would cast out their 
enemies before them by little and little, so that the land 
should not become desolate, and the beasts of the field mul- 
tiply against them, until they were increased and able to fill 
the land. He also charged them not to make a covenant 
with the Canaanites, or to worship their gods. 



CHAPTER lY. 

CEREMONIAL LAW. 

Ch. XXIY. ]• — 71. What did Moses do after receiving these laws ? 

He came and told the people the words of the law, and 
the judgments ; and the people answered with one voice, All 
the words which the Lord hath said, will we do. Then he 
wrote all the words of the Lord, and rose up early in the 
morning, and built an altar, and twelve pillars, representing 
the twelve- tribes, and offered burnt-offerings, and sprinkled 
the blood on the altar. Then he read the book of the cove- 
nant to the people, and they said the second time. All that 
the Lord hath said will we do, and be obedient. And Moses 
sprinkled the blood on the people in token of the covenant 
they made with the Lord. 

72. Who then went up unto the Lord ? 

Moses and Aaron, E"adab and Abihu, and seventy of the 
elders of Israel. 

73. What is related of them then ? 

They saw the God of Israel. And there was under his 
feet/ as it were a paved work of sapphire stone, as it were 

J Nothiug is described but that which is under his feet. Our conceptions of God 
nre all below him. — Henry. 



Q6 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1491. 

the body of heaven in his clearness ; and they saw God, and 
did eat and drink. 

74. What did the Lord command Moses ? 

To come np to him in the mount, that he might give him 
tables of stone, and commandments. 

75. Who accompanied him ? 

Joshua, as his minister. Probably because Joshua v^as to 
be his successor, and God would honor him before the people, 
and above the elders. 

76. Who were left with the people, when Moses and Joshua went into 

the mount ? 

Aaron and Hur ; to act as judges in his absence. 

77. How long did he remain with Joshua, before God called him up 
into the top of the mount ? 

Six days ; and on the seventh (probably the Sabbath), he 
went up into the midst of the cloud, into the mount. And 
the sight of the glory of the Lord was like devouring fire on 
the top of the mount, in the eyes of the children of Israel. 

78. How long did Moses remain in the mount, and what did he there 
receive of God ? 

Forty days. And the Lord gave him the two tables of 
stone, and the ceremonial law, that he might teach them to 
the people. 

79. What did the ceremonial law teach ? 

The rites and ceremonies of Jewish worship. 

Oh. XXV. f — 80. What directions did the Lord give Moses in regard to 
building the Tabernacle ? 

A collection was to be made among the people, and offer- 
ings received of every one that contributed willingly with 
his heart. Offerings were to be made of gold, silver, and 
brass, of blue, purple, scarlet, and fine linen, and goat's hair, 
skins, shittim-wood, oil, spices, and precious stones. 

- Oh. XXV.-XXYII.}— 81. Give a brief description of the Tabernacle. 



A. M. 2514] CEREMONIAL LAW. 6Y 

It consisted of perpendicular boards, covered with gold, 
fixed in silver sockets, and kept together by golden rings, 
throngli which transverse bars were passed. Over this 
wooden framework, four coverings were spread. The first 
was of blue, purple, and scarlet, into which representations of 
cherubim were woven. This was suspended by hooks, within 
the boards, so that the inside of the tabernacle was covered 
entirely, as with costly tapestry. The second was somewhat 
larger than the first, made of a very fine wool, which grows 
between the hair of some goats. The third was made of red- 
morocco leather ; and the fourth of a stronger leather, more 
capable of resisting inclement weather. The entrance was 
turned towards the east, and was closed by a splendid cur- 
tain, into which figures were woven. The interior of the 
tabernacle was divided into two parts, the holy place, and the 
holy of holies ; separated from each other by a curtain, into 
which the figures of cherubim were w^oven, and which w^as 
supported by four columns, plated with gold. In the most 
holy place was the ark of the covenant, which was a chest, or 
coffer, overlaid within and without with gold, and in which 
were deposited the two tables of testimony given to Moses. 
A lid of pure gold covered it, which was called the mercy- 
seat. Two golden cherubim were fixed upon this, with 
their wings spread, and looking down upon it. In the holy 
place, stood the table with show-bread, the golden candle- 
stick, and the altar of incense. The Tabernacle was sur- 
rounded by a court, the entrance to which was closed by a 
suspended curtain. In the court, under the open sky, stood 
the altar of burnt- offerings, and the brazen laver. 

82. What change in the mode of worship was now instituted ? 

Hitherto every master of a family was priest to his own 
family, and offered upon altars of earth. JSTow, Aaron and 
his sons were chosen to act as priests for the whole nation, 
and the Tabernacle was made the great central place of wor- 
ship. 



68 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1491. 

Ch. XXVIII. \ — 83. What were tlie garments peculiar to the higli priest ? 

They were four. The ephod, with the curious girdle of it ; 
the breast-plate of judgment ; the long robe, with the bells 
and pomegranates ; and the mitre, with the golden plate on 
his forehead, on which was engraved, Holiness to the Lord. 
These were Aaron's holy garments, made " for glory and 
beauty." 

84. Describe the ephod. 

It was a short coat, without sleeves, buttoned with a curious 
girdle of the same stuff. It was called the golden ephod, be- 
cause much gold was wrought into it.^ The shoulder-pieces 
were buttoned together with two precious stones, set in gold, 
one on each shoulder, on which were graven the names of 
the children of Israel ; six of the names on each stone. So 
Aaron had the names of all Israel upon his shoulders. " The 
government shall be upon his shoulder." Is. ix. 6. 

85. Give some description of the breast-plate. 

It was a rich piece of cloth, curiously wrought of gold, 
blue, purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, two spans,^ 
or eighteen inches long, and nine inches broad, so that when 
doubled it was nine inches square, and fastened to the ephod 
with chains of gold. It was bordered with precious stones, 
three in a row, set in gold. Twelve stones, each diverse ; 
and in each engraved the name of one of the tribes ; so that 
Aaron should bear the names of the children of Israel upon 
his heart, when he went into the holy place. The Urim and 
Thummim were to be put in the breast-plate ; two words 
meaning Light and Integrity, probably written, or woven, in 
it by Moses, and like an oracle, intimating the judgment of 
God. JVum. xxvii. 21. 



1 Linen ephods were worn by the inferior priests. 1 Sam. xxii. 18. Samuel wore 
one when he was a child. 1 Sa77i. ii. IS. And David when he danced before the 
Ark. 2 Sam. vi. 14, 

2 A span, nine inches. Measured from the tip of the thumb, to the tip of the 
little finger, with the hand extended. 



A. M. 2514.] THE GOLDEN CALF. 6d 

Ch. XXIX.} — 86. After giving directions concerning the consecration 
of the priests, what gracious promise did God make? 

I will dwell among the children of Israel, and will be their 
God. And they shall know that I am the Lord their God, 
that brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, that I may 
dwell among them. I am the Lord their God. 

Ch. XXX. } — 87. What provision was made for the service of tlie Tab- 
ernacle ? 

When the people were numbered, every man was to pay 
half a shekel, about twenty-five cents ; the poor the same as 
the rich.^ This was given as ransom money and a yearly 
tribute. 

Ch. XXXL} — 88. Who were appointed to build and furnish the Taber- 
nacle ? 

Bezaleel, of the tribe of Judah, and Aholiab, of the tribe of 
Dan. 



CHAPTEE Y. 

THE GOLDEN CALF. 

Ch. XXXL} — 89. What strict command did the Lord give respecting 
the Sabbath ? 

My Sabbaths ye shall keep ; for it is a sign between me 
and you, throughout your generations. Every one that de- 
filetli it shall surely be put to death. Whoso doeth any work 
therein shall be cut off from among the people. Six days 
may work be done, but the seventh is holy to the Lord. It is 
a sign between me and the children of Israel forever ; for in 
six days the Lord made heaven and earth, and on the seventh 
day he rested, and was refreshed. 

90. What did tlie Lord deliver to Moses, when he had made an end of 
communing witli him? 

» Proverbs .xxii. 2. 



YO BIBLE HISl^OBY. [b. c. 1491. 

Two tables of testimony, tables of stone, written with the 
finger of God. 

Ch. XXXII. [ — 91. What sin did the Israelites fall into while Moses 
was on the mount ? 

Idolatry. "When they saw that Moses delayed to come 
down from the monnt, they gathered together unto Aaron 
and said, Up, make us gods that shall go before us, for as for 
this Moses, the man that brought us up from the land of 
Egypt, we wot (know) not what has become of him. Aaron 
asked them for their golden ear-rings, which they gave him, 
and he made a molten calf. He built an altar before it, and 
the next day they offered sacrifices. And the people sat 
down to eat and drink, and rose up to play. 

92. What did the Lord then direct Moses to do ? 

He said to him. Go down, for the people have corrupted 
themselves. He said also. Let me alone, that my wrath may 
wax hot against them, and that I may consume them ; and I 
will make of thee a great nation. 

93. How did Moses intercede for them ? 

He reminded the Lord of what he had done for them, and 
if he now destroyed them, of the reproach it might bring 
upon his name among the Egyptians, and he besought the 
Lord to remember his covenant with Abraham, and Isaac, 
and Israel. Ps. cvi. 23. 

94. What did Moses do as he came near to the camp, and saw the calf 
and the dancing ? 

His anger waxed hot ; and he cast down the two tables of 
testimony from his hands and broke them. He took the calf, 
burnt it, ground it to powder, and strewed it upon water, and 
made the people drink it, and reproved Aaron. 

95. How were the idolaters punished ? 

Moses stood in the gate of the camp and said, Who is on 
the Lord's side ? And all the sons of Levi gathered them- 
selves unto him. And he commanded them to take their 



A. M. 2514.] THE GOLDEN CALF. 71 

swords, and go through the camp, and slay every man his 
brother or his neighbor. Three thousand were slain. 

96. After this slaughter, what is said of Moses? 

He returned unto the Lord and confessed the great sin of 
the people ; but he prayed that the Lord would forgive them, 
and said, If not, blot me, I pray thee, out of the book which 
thou hast written. The Lord answered him. Whosoever hath 
sinned against me, him will I blot out of my book. Moses 
should lead the people to the promised land, but the Lord 
would visit their sin upon them. ^ 

Ch. XXXm.f— 97. Where did Moses place the Tabernacle? 
Outside the camp, afar off from the camp. 

98. What took place when Moses entered the Tabernacle ? 

The cloudy pillar descended, and stood at the door of the 
Tabernacle, and the Lord talked with Moses. And when the 
people saw the cloudy pillar, they all rose up, and wor- 
shiped, every man in his tent door. 

99. How is it said the Lord spake to Moses ? 

Face to face, as a man speaketh to his friend. 

100. What did Moses then say to the Lord, and what did the Lord 
answer? 

If thy presence go not with me, carry us not up hence. 
And the Lord said. My presence shall go with thee, and I will 
give thee rest ; for thou hast found grace in my sight, and I 
know thee by name. 

lOL What was Moses' next request, and the answer? 

I beseech thee, show me thy glory. The Lord said, I will 
make all my goodness pass before thee, and proclaim the 
name of the Lord; and he said, JSTo man should see his face 
and live ; but he would put him in a cleft of a rock, and 
cover him, so that only his back parts should be seen. 

Ch. XXXIV. [—102. What did the Lord command Moses to do the 
next day ? 



72 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1490. 

To liew two tables of stone like the first, and he would 
write on them the words which were on the first tables. 

103. How did the Lord proclaim his character to Moses? 

The Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious, long-suf- 
fering, and abundant in goodness and truth ; keeping mercy 
for thousands, forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin, and 
that will by no means clear the guilty. 

104. How long did Moses remain in the mount the second time ? 
Forty days ; and he did neither eat bread, nor drink water. 

105. What is said of Moses when he came down? 

He brought down the two tables of the testimony ; and his 
face shone, so that they were afraid to come near him. And 
he put a vail on his face while he talked with the people. 

Ch. XXXV.} — 106. Did the people contribute liberally toward build- 
ing the Tabernacle ? 

They did : men, women, and children brought more than 
w^as needed ; and until Moses forbade their bringing. 

Ch. XL.} — 107. Where did Moses place the two tables of stone? 
In the ark of the covenant. 

108. Whom did Moses anoint to the office of high priest ? 
Aaron, and his sons for priests. 

109. What happened when the Tabernacle and the court were set up? 
A cloud covered the tent of the congregation, and the glory 

of the Lord filled the Tabernacle ; so that Moses was not able 
to enter. 

110. How did this cloud govern their movements ? 

When the cloud was taken up from over the Tabernacle, 
the people went onward in their journeys ; but if the cloud 
was not taken up, the people journeyed not; and it rested 
upon the Tabernacle, a cloud by day, and fire by night, in the 
gight of all Israel. 



A. M. 2515.] LEVITICUS. 73 



LEVITICUS. 

B.C. 1490 A.M. Q515, 



1. What are the order and leading subjects of Leviticus ? 
It is called Leviticus, because it treats of the Levites and 
their offices. It is a book of ecclesiastical laws, and of in- 
structions how the service of God is to be conducted under 
the law. The book of Exodus ended with an account of 
Jehovah's taking possession of the Tabernacle. The book of 
Leviticus goes on to show what God did in the Tabernacle. 
From over the mercy-seat he delivered to Israel, by Moses, 
the various ordinances they were to observe in their genera- 
tions, as the Church of God. And first of all, Jehovah ap- 
points the sacrifices they were to offer up to him ; gives 
directions how this was to be done, by whom, and on what 
occasions. iSText, he delivers laws for the priests, to direct 
them in the various branches of their holy office — especially 
the manner in which all kinds of sacrifices were to be offered 
up to God. Moses, by divine commission, consecrates Aaron 
and his sons for the priesthood, and settles it upon their pos- 
terity until Messiah should come. Two of the priests, Kadab 
and xibihu, are punished with death for their presumption 
and irreverence in the execution of their office. From chap. 
10th to the end of the book, the Lord delivers to Moses and 
Aaron a long catalogue of laws, on a vast variety of occa- 
; sions, which the priests and the people were to observe in 
I their generations. These are shadows of good things to come, 
and are realized and superseded by the Gospel of Christ. The 
whole of this book takes up bat one month. 

i 



74 BIBLE HISTOKY. [b. o. 1490. 



CHAPTEK I. 

THE SACEIFICE8 APPOINTED. 

2. Mention the different kinds of offerings. 

They were five : Burnt-offering, Meat-offering, Peace-offer- 
ing, Sin-offering, and Trespass-offering. 

Ch. I.} — 3. What was the principal offering, and how offered? 

Tlie Burnt-offering. It was killed and prepared by those 
that brought it. The priest sprinkled the blood on the altar 
and burnt the sacrifice. 

4. What was typified by this ? 

That Christ is slain by sinners, and for them ; that he suf- 
fered in the fire of God's anger, and with his blood sprinkled 
the throne, and so made atonement for us. This was a vol- 
untary sacrifice, and wholly consumed, to show that Christ of 
his own free will would offer himself wholly for us. Ejph. v. 2. 

Ch. II.} — 5. What was the law for the Meat-offering? 

This also was prepared by the people, and offered by the 
priest. Only a part of this was burnt, and the rest i-eserv-ed 
for food for the priests. Oil was mixed with it, and frankin- 
cense, and salt put on every oblation. 

6. What is typified!)}' the Meat-offering, by tlie oil, frankincense, ;iik1 suit? 

The Meat-offering .is Christ, whose flesh is meat indeed, 
and whose blood is drink indeed. Oil signified the influence 
of the spirit, always necessaiy before we can feed on Christ. 
Frankincense was added, to represent the intercession of 
Christ. Salt of the Covenant was put on every oblation, to 
show that Christ is, and that we must be, sincere and pure in 
heart, steadfast and faithful in covenant.^ 

* Blessed be God that we have the substance of which all these observances were 
but shadows — the fruit that was hid under these leaves. 



A. M. 2515.] THE SACRIFICES APPOINTED. 75 

Ch. III.} — 7. "What was the Peace-offering? 

The person who offered this sacrifice laid his hands on the 
head of the animal, transferred his sins upon it ; the priest 
killed it at the door of the Tabernacle, and burnt part of it 
on the altar. 

8. What is typified by the Peace-offering ? 

We behold our sins laid on the Lamb of God, who was 
slain for us, and is our peace. Jesus reconciles man to God 
and God to man, and believers to one another, and gives 
peace in the conscience. The sacrifice was slain at the door 
of the Tabernacle, typical of Christ, through whom mercies 
were received. I am the Door. John x. 9. The fat was 
burnt to signify that the best and choicest must be devoted 
to God. The Peace-offering was laid on the Burnt-offering 
to show that our peace is built on the atonement. 

9. In what respect was the disposal of this different from the Burnt- 
offering and the Meat-offering ? 

The Burnt-offering was wholly consumed. Part of the 
Meat-offering was reserved for the priests ; but the Peace- 
offering was divided between the altar, the priests, and the 
offerers, and formed a kind of feast for the Lord, his priests, 
and his people together. 

Ch. IV. [ — 10. What was the law for the Sin-offering ? 

This also was a burnt sacrifice, which the Lord ]-equired 
statedly, and also whenever the rulers, priests, or people 
sinned through ignorance in religious matters.^ If it was for 
the sin of the whole congregation, the elders were to lay 
their hands on the head of the animal ; if for the sin of any 
individual, he was to lay his hand upon it. Part of this was 
burnt upon the altar, and the remainder carried without the 
camp and burnt there. 

11. How does this represent the Redeemer? 

1 The saving of churches and kingdoms from ruin is owing to the satisfaction and 
mediation of Christ. 



76 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1490; 

As our Sin-offering, on whom is laid the miqnity of ns all, 
and as dying for ns without the gates of Jerusalem. ITeh. 
xiii. 11, 12. He fulfilled all that was typified by the Sin- 
offering, recognizing even sins of ignorance, as among those 
for which he suffered, when he prayed on the cross. Father, 
forgive them, for they know not what they do. 

Oh. Y. } — 12. "What was the law of the Trespass-offering ? 

This likewise w^as a burnt-offering which God required. It 
was only occasional, and required when men sinned against 
their neighbors, or broke the ritual law, or when they injured 
man by sins against God. 

13. How did it differ from the Sia-offering ? 
Trespass-offerings were chiefiy for sins against man ; Sin 

offerings for sins immediately against God. 

14. What aniinals were appointed for these offerings ? 

Bullocks, sheep, goats ; and of fowls, turtle-doves and 
pigeons. Those who w^ere able brought a bullock ; those of 
less ability brought a sheep or a goat ; and from the poor, a 
pair of turtle-doves or young pigeons were accepted. These 
creatures were not only reckoned clean, but w^ere all most 
mild, harmless, and inoffensive in their nature. 

15. What was every sacrifice and offering designed to teach? 

Our infinite obligations to the Saviour for offering up him- 
self in our stead, and the love and service we owe him. 



CHAPTER II. 

THE PRIESTHOOD ESTABLISHED. YEAR OF JUBILEE. 

Ch. YIII.} — 16. In what manner were Aaron and his sons consecrated 
to the office of priesthood ? 

All the congregation were gathered together at the door of 
the Tabernacle, and Moses brought out Aaron and his sons, 



A. M. 2M5.] THE PRIESTHOOD ESTABLISHED. 77 

and washed them with water, and put on them the priestl}^ 
garments, and ponred on them the anointing oih He then 
offered a sin-offering, a burnt-offering, and a ram of conse- 
cration, on each of which they laid their hands. Moses took 
of the blood of the ram of consecration and put it on the tips 
of their right ears, of their right thnmbs, and the great toes 
of their right feet; and he also sprinkled the blood, with oil, 
on their garments. He then commanded them to remain in 
the court of the Tabernacle for seven days. 

Ch, IX,} — 1^. What was the first service of Aaron after his conse- 
cration ? 

He offered a sin-offering, burnt-offering, and peace-offer- 
ings ; making atonement for himself and also for the people. 

18. What occurred after tliis ? 

Moses and Aaron came out and blessed the people, and 
the glory of the Lord appeared to all the congregation. Fire 
came out from before the Lord, and consumed the fat and 
the burnt-offering upon the altar. And when the people saw 
it. they shouted, and fell on their faces. 

19. How many sons had Aaron ? 

Four : [NTadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. 

Cn. X. } — 20. Of Avliat sins were ISTadab and Abiliu guilty? 

They each took his censer, and offered strange fire with 
their incense, instead of that holy fire which God had kin- 
dled, and which alone was to be offered in the sacred 
service.^ 

21. What was their punishment? 

There went out fire from the Lord and devoured them. 

22. What is said of Aaron ? 
He held his peace. 

23. What directions did Moses give? 

* The privilege they had been honored with, in being called up unto God in the 
mount, with Moses and the seventy elders, eeems to aggravate their sin. 



78 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1490. 

That tlieir bodies should be carried out of the camp ; and 
he forbade Aaron and his two remaining sons to make any 
expressions of grief. They were to continue their service 
without interruption ; but the whole house of Israel might 
bewail the burning which the Lord had kindled. 

24. On what account did Moses that day reprove the sons of Aaron ? 
Because they had not eaten their portion of the sin-offer- 
ing, but burnt it. 

25. What was Aaron's excuse for this omission ? 

Such things have befallen me. If I had eaten the sin- 
offering to-day, should it have been accepted in the sight of 
the Lord? And when Moses heard that, he was content. 

On. Xyi.[ — 26. What directions were given to Aaron respecting the 
great day of atonement ? 

The whole service of this day was committed to the high 
priest. It was the only day on which he must enter tiie 
most holy place. He must put off his rich garments, and 
come only in the linen garments of the inferior priests. The 
meaner dress could only become him on this day of humilia- 
tion. So Christ, our High Priest, made atonement for us, 
not in the robes of his glory, but in the garments of mor- 
tality. He was then to offer a burnt-offering and sin-offering 
for himself, and sprinkle with blood the mercy-seat. Two 
goats were to be provided, lots cast upon them, and one slain 
as an offering for the people, and over the other he was to 
confess the sins of all the people, and then send it as a scape- 
goat away into the wilderness. The day was to be observed 
as a holy rest and a holy mourning for sin, and to be a 
statute forever. 

Oh. XXIV. } — 27. What was the crime of Shelomith's son, and how 
Avas it punished ? 

He blasphemed the name of the Lord, and cursed. And 
he was taken and put in ward until the mind of the Lord was 
shown to Moses. Moses was ordered to bring him without 



A. M. 2515.] YEAR OF JUBILEE. 79 

the camp; then all that^ heard him were to lay their hands 
on his liead, and all the congregation were to stone him to 
death. 

Ch. XXV.}— 28. What was the law of the Sabbatical year? 

Every seventh year was to be kept as a sabbath of rest. 
It was to begin in September. They were not to reap their 
harvest, nor gather the grapes of their vineyard ; neither 
were they to sow, but the land should rest. Whatever the 
land produced, they were not to claim as property ; it was 
to be eaten in the field, and left for the poor. The Jews did 
not begin to reckon this year until after the conquest of 
Canaan, in the eighth year of Joshua. 

29. What was the law of the year of Jubilee ? 

They were to number seven sabbatical years, and then 
came the year of Jubilee : every fiftieth year. Then, on 
the great day of atonement, they should sound the trumpet 
throughout all the land.^ They should hallow the fiftieth 
year, and proclaim liberty throughout the land unto all the 
inhabitants thereof. It should be a jubilee. Every man 
was to return to the possession of his alienated lands, and 
every man to his family, and the Hebrew bond-servants were 
to gain their liberty. It should be a year of release from 
debts and mortgages, and a return to the possession of alien- 
ated lands ; a year of release for servants and bond-slaves. 

30. Where was this law given to Moses ? 

On Mount Sinai. All of those preceding were given to 
Moses in the Tabernacle. 

» Psalm Ixxxix. 15. 



80 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1490. 



NUMBERS. 

B.C. 1490-1452 A.M. 3515-2553. 



1. What is recorded in the book of Numbers ? 

It is a narrative of Israel's pilgrimage ; and called lum- 
bers, because of the repeated numbering of the people. It 
is about equally divided between histories and laws inter- 
mixed. It records Israel's journey from the foot of Sinai to 
the borders of Canaan. 

2. What is the date of the beginning of this book ? 

1490 B. 0. The second month of the second year, after 
they came out of Egypt ; and the book includes thirty-eight 
years. 



CHAPTER I. 

NUMBERING OF THE PEOPLE. AEEANGEMENTS FOE THE MAECH. 

Ch. I.} — 3. Whom did the Lord command to number the people? 
Moses and Aaron, with one man from each tribe — men 
who were princes in Israel. 

4. At what place were they numbered ? 
In the wilderness of Sinai. 

5. How many men did they find, upwards of twenty years of age, able 
to bear arms ? 

603,550. Probably there were more than twice as many 
women and children in the vast multitude. 

, 6. What was the number that went down into Egypt with Jacob ? 



A. M. 2515.] 



NUMBERING OF THE PEOPLE. 



81 



Seventy. 

7. Which of the tribes, on leaving Egypt, was the most nnraerous ? 
Judali, which numbered nearly 12,000 more than any 

other tribe. This tribe was appointed to lead the van, in 
the march through the wilderness. 

8. How many Levites were there ? 

22,000 males, of a month old, and upward. The Levites 
were not numbered among the others. Of these, 8,000 only 
were chosen for the service of the Tabernacle. 

Ch. II.} — 9. TVhat w^as the general order of their encampment? 

The Tabernacle was pitched in the midst ;^ the tribe of 
Levi nearest to it, at about the distance of half a mile. The 
other tribes were arranged around — every man by his own 







North Fourth Division— Cajip of Dan, 157,600. 










Dan, 62,700. 






o 






ASHER, NaPHTALI, 






W 


T-H 






41,500. 53,400. 






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I 

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o 
o 

lO 

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W CO 




MERARITES, 

3,200. 


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s 
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o 

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a 



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S d 
O g 


COURT 

OF THE 

TABEfllTACIiE. 


% c 
s > 


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•OSi'3 
'sailHXVHOS 


f ^ 


•099's^ -Qoe'ee 


g 
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'avf) 'lioaKig 






p 






'OOS'9? '^saaaa 










•ost'x 


QX 'Kaaaaji ao jkv^— xioismatq; puooog 


q^nos 





Psalm xlvi. 5. 
4<» 



82 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1490. 

standard, and with the ensign of liis father's house — afar off 
from the Tabernacle. 

It is probable that all the doors of the tents were made to 
look toward the Tabernacle, that they might worship from 
their tent doors. Thej were divided into fonr distinct squad- 
rons, three tribes in each squadron. In the vanguard, on the 
east, were Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun. In the right wing, 
southward, Reuben, Simeon, and Gad. In the left wing, 
northward, Dan, Asher, and N"aphtali. In the rear, west- 
ward, Ephraim, Manasseh, and Benjamin. They were all ar- 
ranged as the Lord commanded Moses. 

Oh. III.} — 10. What was the order in which the Levites were placed 
about the Tabernacle ? 

They were divided into three classes, according to the 
number of the sons of Levi, — Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. 
Moses and Aaron, with the priests, encamped on the front, 
eastward ; the Merarites on the left hand, northward ; the 
Kohathites on the right hand, southward ; the Gershonites 
behind the Tabernacle, westward. 

11. To which of these families did Moses and Aaron belong? 
To that of Kohath. 

Oh. VIII. j- — 12. What must be the age of the Levites, when they 
commenced their service in the Tabernacle, and how long were they to 
continue it? 

It commenced at twenty-five, and continued until fifty. 
Yer. 24, 25. 

Oh. VI. [ — 13. What was the form of the blessing Moses was to pro- 
nounce upon the children of Israel ? 

The Lord bless thee, and keep thee ; the Lord make his 
face shine upon thee, and be gracious unto thee ; the Lord 
lift up his countenance upon thee, and give thee peace. 

Oh. IX.} — 14. What. was still their guide in the wilderness? 
The cloud, covering the Tabernacle by day, and the ap- 
pearance of fire by night. When the cloud was taken up, 



A.M. 2515.] MURMURINGS. 83 

the people jonrnejed ; and when the cloud abode, they 
pitched their tents. If it rested for two days, a month, or a 
year, they abode in their tents until it was taken up. 

Cii. X. } — 15. What Tvere the directions for making and using the silver 
trumpets ? 

Two were to be made — not cast, but beaten ; and they 
were to be used for the calling of assemblies, for the jour- 
neying of the camps, for animating and encouraging the 
armies when they went out to battle, and for the celebra- 
tion of their solemn feasts. 

16. Whom did Moses invite to go with hira, and the reason of the in- 
vitation ? 

His brother-in-law, Hobab. He said, Come thou with us 
and we will do thee good, for the Lord hath spoken good 
concerning Israel. When Hobab objected, Moses urged and 
said, What goodness the Lord shall do unto us, the same will 
we do unto thee. Hobab was persuaded. Judg. iv. 11. 

17. What was the prayer of Moses when the ark set forward, and also 
when it rested ? 

When the ark set forward he said, Rise up. Lord, and let 
thine enemies be scattered ; and let them that hate thee, flee 
before thee. And when it rested he said. Return, O Lord, 
unto the many thousands of Israel. 



CHAPTER II. 

MURMURINGS.^— THE SPIES. 

18. Whither did the Israelites march from the wilderness of Sinai ? 
Into the wilderness of Paran. 

Cn. XI. f — 19. Give some account of the murmuring of the people. 
They complained, and the fire of the Lord burnt among 
them, and consumed many of them. The people cried unto 



84 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 1490. 

Moses, and Moses cried -anto the Lord, and the fire was 
quenched. The place was called Taberah — a Burmng. 

20. "What was their next complaint ? 

They grew weary of the manna, and lusted for flesh. 

21. How did this affect Moses, and what did he do ? 

He was displeased, and he said unto the Lord, Wherefore 
hast thou afflicted thy servant ? Whence should I have flesh 
to give unto all this people ? for they weep unto me, saying. 
Give us flesh that we may eat. I am not able to bear all 
this people alone, because it is too heavy for me. And if 
thou deal thus with me, kill me, I pray thee, out of hand. 

22. "What did the Lord direct him to do ? 

To gather seventy of the elders of Israel, and bring them 
unto the Tabernacle, and He would come down and put on 
them of the spirit that was on Moses, and they should bear 
the burden with him. 

23. What was the Lord's direction for the people? 

To sanctify themselves for to-morrow; and they should 
eat flesh for a whole month, until it should become loathsome 
to them. 

24. What is said of the seventy elders after the Lord gave his spirit to 
them ? 

They prophesied. Two of them, Eldad and Med ad, who 
were written, but who remained in the camp and went not 
into the Tabernacle, prophesied where they were. And 
Joshua, the son of E"un, complained of them to Moses, who 
reproved him and said, Would to God that all the Lord's 
people were prophets. 

25. How were the quails given ? 

In great abundance, but in wrath. While the flesh was 
yet between their teeth, the Loj-d smote them with a great 
plague ; and they called the place Kibroth-hattaavah — the 
Graves of Lust ; because they buried the people there that 
lusted. 



A. M. 2515.] THE SPIES. 86 

Ch. XU.\ — 26. What was the ground of the complaint made by Aaron 
and Miriam against Moses? 

Because of the Ethiopian woman whom he had married. 
They said also, Hath the Lord indeed spoken by Moses ? — 
hath he not spoken also by us ? 

27. "What character is given to Moses ? 

He was very meek ; above all the men which were upon 
the face of the earth. 

28. Where did the Lord require Moses, Aaron, and Miriam to appear, 
and what did he say ? 

At the door of the Tabernacle. He then came down in 
the pillar of the cloud, and called forth Aaron and Miriam, 
and reminded them how he had distinguished Moses, how 
he had spoken with him face to face, and that he had been 
faithful in all his house. Wherefore then were ye not afraid 
to speak against my servant Moses ? 

29. What consequence followed ? 

The cloud departed from off the Tabernacle, and Miriam 
became leprous, white as snow. And Aaron said, Alas ! my 
Lord, lay not the sin upon us, wherein w^e have done fool- 
ishly, and wherein we have sinned. Let her not be as one 
dead. And Moses cried unto the Lord, Heal her now, O 
God, I beseech thee ! 

.^0. How long did the Lord command her to be shut out from the camp ? 
Seven days. And the people journeyed not until she was 
brought in again. 



81. At what place did the Israelites next encamp? 
In the wilderness of Paran, eleven days' journey from 
Mount Sinai, and at the southern border of Canaan. 

Ch. XIII.} — 32. How many men were sent to spy out the land? 

Twelve ; one from each tribe. 

33. Bv whose direction were these sent? 



86 ElBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1471. 

The Lord's. But it appears, from Dent. i. 22, that the 
motion came originally from the people, and was the fruit of 
their unbelief. 

34. Give some account of their tour, the report they brought back, 
and its effect on the people. 

They spent forty days in examining the land, from the 
wilderness of Zin, unto Kehob, dividing themselves probably 
into several companies. They reported the land as flowing 
with milk and honey, and brought back the fruit of it. But 
they said the cities were strong and walled exceeding high ; 
and giants were there, in whose sight they w^ere as grasshop- 
pers : and all except Caleb and Joshua said. We are not able 
to go up against this people, for they are stronger than we. 
[Ch. XIY.] Then all the congregation wept, and murmured 
against Moses and Aaron, and said, Would God we had died 
in the land of Egypt, or. Would God we had died in this wil- 
derness ! Let us make a captain, and return into Egypt. Then 
Moses and Aaron fell on their faces ; and Joshua and Caleb 
rent their clothes and said. The land is an exceeding good land, 
and the Lord will bring us in. The Lord is with us : fear them 
not. But the congregation then threatened to stone them. 

85, "What was then seen at the door of the Tabernacle, and what did 
the Lord threaten ? 

The glory of the Lord appeared in the Tabernacle, and the 
Lord said to Moses, How long will this people provoke me ? 
and how long will it be before they believe me, for all the 
signs which I have showed among them? I will smite them 
with the pestilence, and disinherit them, and will make of 
thee a greater nation, and mightier than they. 

36. What was Moses' intercession? 

He entreated the Lord to spare them and pardon them. 
He pleaded on account of God's honor. The Egyptians and 
the inhabitants of the land would say the Lord was not able 
to bring up the people, and therefore had slain them in the 
wilderness. 



A.M. 2534.] KORAH'S REBELLION. 87 

37. What sentence did tlie Lord pass on the people for then- niiirnuir- 
ing and rehellion ? 

That all of twenty years old and upward, should die in the 
wilderness, except Caleb and Joshua. They should wander 
in the wilderness forty years, after the number of days in 
which they searched the land, a year for a day. The spies 
who brought an evil report, -were smitten, and died of the 
plague before the Lord. 



CHAPTEE III 



Ch. XY. } — 38. What sentence was pronounced upon the man who was 
found gathering sticks on the Sabbath? 

The Lord said, The man shall surely be put to death. All 
the congregation shall stone him with stones without the 
camp. 

Ch. XVI.} — 39. Give some account of the rebellion of Korah. 

Korah, with Dathan, Abiram, and On, and two hundred 
and fifty princes of renown, gathered together against Moses 
and Aaron, and said. Ye take too much on yourselves, since 
all the congregation are holy. Wherefore lift ye up your- 
selves above the congregation of the Lord ? 

40. How did this affect Moses, and what were his directions? 

He fell on his face and said unto them, To-morrow the 
Lord will show who are his, and who is holy, and whom he 
will choose to come near unto him. And he commanded 
them to appear before the Lord on the morrow, and Aaron 
also, and to bring their censers with fire and incense therein. 

41. Wliat was the actual sin of Korah and his company? 

It was rebellion against God. They were jealous of Moses 
and Aaron, and sought their own promotion. 



88 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1453, 

42. When all tlie congregation were gathered to the door of the Tab- 
ernacle, what did the Lord command Moses and Aaron ? 

To separate themselves from the congregation, that he 
might consume them in a moment. 

43. What was their intercessory prayer? 

Moses and Aaron fell upon their faces, and said, O God, 
the God of the spirits of all flesh, shall one man sin, and wilt 
thou be wroth with all the congregation ? 

44. What directions did the Lord then give, and what was the fate of 
the rebels ? 

All the people were to remove to a distance from the tents 
of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. And after Moses had fore- 
told how these men should be destroyed, the ground parted 
asunder beneath them, and the earth opened her mouth and 
swallowed them up, and their houses, and all that belonged 
to them, went down alive into the pit, and the earth closed 
upon them, and they perished from among the congregation ; 
and all Israel fled at the cry of them. And there came out a 
fire from the Lord, and consumed the two hundred and fifty 
men that off'ered incense. 

45. For what were their censers preserved ? 

To be a memorial unto the children of Israel, that none 
except the seed of Aaron should offer sacrifice. 

46. What occurred on the next day ? 

A new rebellion. The people murmured against Moses 
and Aaron, and said, Ye have killed the people of the Lord ; 
and a plague broke out among them, of wliich fourteen thou- 
sand seven hundred died. Then by the direction of Moses, 
Aaron took his censer with incense, and ran into the midst 
of the congregation, and standing between the living and the 
dead, made atonement for the people; and the plague was 
stayed. 

Ch. XVIL} — 47. What did the Lord command to be done, to show 
that the priesthood was to be confined to Aaron and his descendants ? 



A. M. 2552.] • THE SIN AT MEiriBAH. 89 

Each of tlie tribes was to bring a rod into the Tabernacle, 
and Aaron's name was to be written upon the rod of the 
house of Levi. The man wliom God would choose, his rod 
was to blossom. 

48. What was the result ? 

Aaron's rod only budded, blossomed, and yielded almonds. 
The people then said, Behold we die, we perish. Whosoever 
Cometh near the Tabernacle shall die. 

49. What was to be done witli Aaron's rod ? 

It was to be always kept in the Tabernacle, as a token 
against the rebels. 



CHAPTER lY. 

THE SIN AT MERIBAH. THE BRAZEN SERPENT. 

Ch. XX.} — 50. To what place did the children of Israel come in their 
thirty-second journey ? 

To Kadesh, in the wilderness of Zin. 

51. How long had they wandered, during which time we have no ac- 
count of their journey, except the places of their encampments ? 

Thirty-eight years. 

52. Who died and was buried here ? 

Miriam : she was a prophetess, and sister of Moses and 
Aaron ; but she had murmured, and therefore must die in the 
wilderness. 

53. Give the complaint of the children of Israel. 

Tliey said, Would God we had died when our brethren 
died before the Lord. Wherefore have ye made us to coino 
up out of Egypt, to bring us to this evil place, no place of 
seed, or fruits, neither is there any water to drink. 



90 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1452. 

54. What did the Lord command Moses and Aaron to do ? 

Take the rod, and gather the assembly together, and speak 
ye nnto the rock before their eyes, and it shall give forth, 
water. So they and their cattle shall have drink from the 
rock. 

55. Did Moses and Aaron do as the Lord commanded ? 

They did not. Instead of speaking to the rock, Moses said 
to the people. Hear now, ye rebels, must we fetch you water 
out of this rock ? And he struck the rock twice with the rod. 
and water came out of the rock abundantly.^ 

56. How did the Lord reprove him ? 

Because ye believed me not, to sanctify me in the eyes of 
the children of Israel, therefore ye shall not bring this con- 
gregation into the land which I have given them. 

57. What was this place called ? 
Meribah ; which signifies Strife. 

58. What request did Moses make of the King of Edom ? 
Permission to pass through his country. He was a de 

scendant of Esau, and Moses addressed him as a brother ; and 
promised, in case he would grant the request, not to pass 
through the fields, or the vineyards, nor to drink of the 
water from the wells. But Edom refused to let the Israelites 
pass through his border. 

59. What was their next stopping-place, and what occurred there ? 
At Mount Hor. There Aaron died. 

60. Mention some of the attending circumstances of his death. 

The Lord said, Aaron shall be gathered unto his people. 
He shall not enter the promised land, because he rebelled 
against my word at the water of Meribah. The Lord then 



^ If the Israelites had been prone to entertain any superstitious fancy of the virtue 
of that rod, which. had been the instrument of so many miracles, Moses here had an 
opportunity of convincing them of their folly, and proving to them that neither 
himself, nor Aaron, nor the rod were of any importance ; but that God by a word 
could perfect the same wonders. 



A.M. i2-,o3] THK BRAZEN SERPENT. 91 

directed ]\[oses to bring Eleazar with Aaron np into the 
mount, and take Aaron's garments and put them on Eleazar. 
And Aaron died there in the mount ; and the people mourn- 
ed for him tliirty days. 

Cn. XXI.} — 61. What was the next cause of their murmuring ? 

Their long journey through the desert bordering upon the 
land of Edom. They complained of the want of water, and 
that their soul loathed the manna, — this light bread. 

62. How were they punished ? 

By fiery serpents, which bit the people, so that many of 
them died. 

63. What was their confession, and how were they healed ? 

They said to Moses, We have sinned ; for we have spoken 
against the Lord and against thee. And they besought him 
to pray for them. The Lord directed Moses to make a ser- 
pent of brass, and to put it on a pole, and when a serpent had 
bitten any man, if he looked upon the brazen serpent, he was 
healed. 

64. Of what was this serpent a type ? 

Of Christ. John iii. 14. For as Moses lifted up the ser- 
pent in the. wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted 
up ; that whosoever believeth on him should not perish, but 
have everlasting life. 

65. What do the Jews call this? 

A miracle in a miracle. Brass was said to be hurtful to 
to those who were bitten by serpents ; and in God's choosing 
a brazen serpent for healing, it was like healing against the 
common course and order of nature.-^ 

66. What was done witli the brazen serpent ? 

It was kept seven hundred years, and then destroyed by 
the good king, Hezekiah, because the people offered incense 
to it. 

» Kitto. 



92 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1452. 

67. What was the success of the Israelites in their battles with Sihon, 
king of the Aniorites, and Og, king of Bashan ? 

They destroyed these Mugs, and took possession of their 
cities and lands. 



CHAPTER Y. 

BALAAM. 

Ch. XXII. }• — 68. Where did the Israelites next encamp ? 
In the plains of Moab, near Jordan. 

69. Who was king of the Moabites ? 
Balak. 

70. How were the Moabites affected at the sight of the children of 
Israel ? 

They were distressed when they saw such a multitude ; and 
Moab said to the elders of Midian, ISTow shall this company 
lick up all that are round about us, as the ox licketh up the 
grass of the field. 

71. To whom did Balak apply in his distress ? 

To Balaam, the son of Beor ; and sent the elders of Moab 
and Midian as embassadors to him. 

72. Who was Balaam ? 

He was an eminent diviner, famous for his skill in magic. 
He was called a prophet, like Simon Magus, who bewitched 
the people so far, that he was called the great power of God. 
Acts viii. 10. He lived in Mesopotamia, near the Euphrates"; 
a place far distant from Moab. 

73. What did the elders present to him, and what was their message? 
They presented the rewards of divination, and said, A 

people has come out of Egypt, that cover the face of the 



A. M. 2553.] BALAAM. 93 

earth. Come now and curse them, that I may drive them 
out of the land. 

74. What did the Lord say to Balaam? 

Thou shalt not go with them. Thou shalt not curse the 
people, for tliey are blessed. 

75. Give Balaam's reply to the princes of Balak. 

Get you to your land. The Lord refuseth to give me leave 
to go with you. But he was unfaithful in not giving God's 
answer to the princes. 

76. What was the second message of Balak ? 

He sent again more princes, and more honorable, to Balaam, 
and promised to promote him to very great honor, and to do 
whatever he said, " Only let nothing hinder thee from 
coming." 

77. Give Balaam's reply. 

If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, 
I can not go beyond the word of the Lord my God. 

78. What permission did the Lord give him the next night? 

If the men come to call thee, rise up and go with them ; 
but yet the word that I shall say unto thee, that shalt 
thou do.^ 

79. Give an account of what occurred in Balaam's journey. 

An angel of the Lord, with a drawn sword, stood in the 
way three times before Balaam. The ass on which he rode 
saw the angel, and turned out of the way twice to avoid him. 
The third time she fell down in a narrow way, before the 
angel ; and Balaam was angry, and smote her the third time 
with his staff. Then the Lord opened the mouth of the ass, 
and she said to Balaam, What have I done to thee ? Am I 
not thine ass upon which thou hast ridden ever since I was 



1 The permission might have been granted in displeasure. Since thou hast such 
a mind to go, go. Or, the anger of the Lord was kindled, not because he weat, but 
because he went of himself, without waiting for the messengers. 



94: BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1452. 

thine ? Then the Lord opened Balaam's eyes, and he saw 
the angel standing in the way, and he fell on his face. The 
angel reproved him for smiting his ass, and said. Unless she 
had turned from me, I had slain thee, and saved her alive. 
Balaam acknowledged his sin, and offered to return again ; 
but the angel directed him to go with the men, only to speak 
what the Lord commanded. 

80. How did Balak receive Balaam ? 

He went out and met him in the borders of Moab : and 
expressed his regret that Balaam did not come at his first 
message. He then offered sacrifices in honor of his coming. 

81. Give Balaam's reply to him. 

Have I now any power at all to say any thing? The word 
that God putteth in my mouth, that shall I speak. 

82. To what places did Balak take Balaam, to curse Israel ? 

To the high places of Baal ; to the top of Pisgah, and the 
top of Peor. 

Ch. XXIII.} — 83. Give an account of Balaam's first attempt to curso 
Israel. 

He ordered Balak to build him seven altars, and to offer 
on each altar a bullock and a ram, and to stand by them 
when he went to inquire of God. Balaam seemed to desire 
to bribe God by altars and sacrifices ; but God overruled his 
designs, and made him an instrument to serve his own pur- 
poses. When he returned to Balak, he took up his parable 
and blessed the people. Balaam pronounced Israel safe, for 
he could not curse whom God had not cursed : happy, in 
being distinguished from all other nations ; in their numbers, 
honorable and formidable — " Who can count the dust of 
Jacob ?" and happy in their last end — " Let me die the death 
of the righteous, and let my last end be like his." 

84. Was Balak more successful when he took Balaam to the top of 
Pisgah, where he could see only part of Israel ? 

He was not. God there converted the curse into a blessing 



A. M. 2553.] BALAAM. 95 

larger and stronger than the former. He informed Balak, 
he had no reason to hope he should ruin Israel, because — 1st, 
God was unchangeable. " God is not a man, that he should 
lie ; neither the son of man, that he should repent. Hath he 
said, and shall he not do it? Hath he spoken, and shall he 
not make it good ?" So now, " He hath blessed, and T cannot 
reverse it." And, 2d, because Israel was unblamable. " He 
hath not beheld iniquity in Jacob." And, 3d, because their 
power was irresistible. " God is with him ; and the shout of 
a king among them." The way in which they had been 
brought out of Egypt, showed nothing could resist them. 
Tlien he owned himself baffled. " There is no enchantment 
against Jacob ; neither is there any divination against Israel." 
He foresaw their victories in Canaan. '' The people shall 
rise up as a great lion, and drink the blood of the slain." 

Ch. XXIV. [ — 85. What was Balaam's success the third time, when he 
laid aside his arts of divination? 

He did not go as at other times to seek enchantments ; he 
found it of no use, and so set his face directly towards the 
wilderness where Israel lay encamped. The Spirit of God 
then came upon him, and he began by speaking of God's 
revelations- to him, perhaps with pride. ''He hath said, 
which heard the words of God, which saw the vision of the 
Almighty." But the substance of his l)lessing was much the 
same as before. He admired the beauty of the tents of the 
Israelites, their admirable order. " How goodly are thy 
tents, O Jacob, and thy tabernacles, O Israel ! As valleys 
are they spread forth ; as gardens by the river side." He 
again prophesied their wonderful increase, and their advance- 
ment. " His seed shall be in many waters ; and his king 
shall be higher than Agag." He looked back to the way in 
which they had been brought out of Egypt, and forward to 
their conquests in Canaan ; to their courage and security, 
comparing them again to a lion, lying down, and " Who 
shall stir him up ?" And he confirmed the blessing of Abra- 



V6 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 1452. 

ham, Ge7i. xii. 3 : Blessed is he that blesseth thee, and cursed 
is he that curseth thee. 

86. What was the effect of this on Balak ? 

Balak's anger was kindled, and he smote his hands together. 
He expressed the highest vexation and disappointment ; and 
dismissed him with contempt, as nnworthy the character of a 
diviner : " Therefore flee now to thy place." 

87. Give Balaam's closing prophecy. 

He foretold the coming of the Messiah. " I shall behold 
him, but not nigh." Fifteen hundred years intervened : or 
perhaps, far from Mm, as the rich man saw Abraham a/a?' off. 
He should arise out of Israel as a star, and a scepter, and his 
kingdom should be universal. Moab should be smitten, 
Edom, Amalek, and the Kenites ; and whosoever should 
afflict Eber, should perish forever.^ 

88. What more do we know of Balaam ? 

He went into the land of Midian, and there counseled the 
Midianites to send their daughters into the camp of Israel, to 
tempt the Israelites to sin. A few months afterwards, in a 
a w^ar between Israel and Midian, he was slain Avith the 
sword. Num. xxxi. 8. 

89. What was Balaam's sin, and its consequences ? 

He taught Balak to cast a stumbling-block before the 
children of Israel, to eat things sacrificed to idols, and to 
commit fornication. Rev, ii. 14. The daughters of Moab, 
probably instructed through the Midianites, led the Israelites 
into idolatry ; and the Lord sent a plague upon the people, 
of which twenty-four thousand died. 

Ch. XXV. [—90. How was the plague stayed ? 

By Phinehas, the son of Eleazar the priest. He slew 



1 The prophecy of " ships from the coast of Chitthai," is understood to mean the 
Eoman Empire. Thus Balaam, instead of cursing the Church, curses Amalek the 
Firstj and Rome, the last enemy of the Church. — Dr. Lightfoct. 



A. M. 2553.] PREPARATIONS FOR ENURING CANAAN. 97 

Zimri, a prince among the Simeonites, and Cozbi, the daugh- 
ter of a chief man in Midian. For this, God promised to 
Phinehas his covenant of peace, and to his seed after him an 
everlasting priesthood. 

Ch. XXXI. f — 91. How were the Midianites punished for tempting 
Israel to sin ? 

By the command of Moses, all the nation was destroyed, 
except the female children. Their cities were burnt, and all 
their cattle and goods came into the possession of Israel. 

92. Did any of the Israelites die in this battle? 

Not one man. 



CHAPTEE YI. 

PREPARATIONS FOR ENTERING CANAAN- 

Ch. XXVI. [ — 93. AVhere were the children of Israel again numbered ? 
In the plains of Moab. 

94. What was their number, and how did it compare with their pre- 
vious numbering? 

They now numbered 601,Y30. This was 1,820 fewer than 
when they were numbered at Sinai.-^ 

Ch. XXVII. f — 95. On what grounds did the daughters of Zelophehad 
claim an inheritance, and what was the decision ? 

Their father died in the wilderness, and had no sons. So 
that the name of their father might not perish from their 
family, they asked an inheritance among their father's breth- 
ren. Moses brought the case to the Lord, who said. The 



» It is noticed that the children of Korah died not. Ver. 11. They probably 
had no part in tlie rebellion. The sons of Korah were afterwards eminently ser- 
viceable in the Church, and were employed by David as singers in the house of 
the Lord. Hence many of the psalms were for the sons of Korah. 

6 



98 BIBLE HISTOEY. ^ [b. c. 1451. 

daughters of Zelophehad had spoken right, and the inherit- 
ance of their father should pass to them. It was established 
as a statute, that if a man die and leave no son, his inherit- 
ance should pass to his daughters. 

Gh. XXXIL}— 96. Where did the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and half the 
tribe of Manasseh, wish to have their inheritance ? 

On the east side of the river Jordan : the country that had 
been owned bj Sihon, king of the Amorites, and Og, king of 
Bashan. It was a fine grazing country, and these tribes had 
large flocks and herds. 

97. On what condition did Moses grant the request ? 
On condition that their armed men should go over with 
their brethren, and help to conquer the land. 

Ch. XXXIV.}— 98. How was the land of Canaan to be divided ? 

Joshua and Eleazar, with a prince chosen from each tribe, 
were appointed to divide it. To the more they were to give 
the more inheritance, and to the fewer, less. 

99. What was the extent of the land of Canaan ? 
About one hundred and sixty miles in length, and fifty in 
breadth. 

Ch. XXXY. } — 100. How many cities of refuge were appointed for the 
Israelites ? 

Six; that a man who had accidentally killed another might 
flee to one of these, and find shelter. 

101. Where is it supposed the laws recorded in the 28th, 29th, and 
80th chapters, were given to Moses ? 

On Mount Pisgah, when he went up to view the land. 



A. M. 2554.] THE LAW REPEATED. 



DEUTERONOMY. 

B.C. 1451 A.M. 2554. 



THE LAW REPEATED. 

1. Give an acconnt of this book. 

The title of the book implies, The law repeated. When 
Moses had conducted Israel to the borders of Canaan, over 
against Jericho, he made a stand for one month, and there 
delivered this book to the new generation, which had sprung 
up since Israel had received the law on Mount Sinai. In 
this admirable book, Moses takes a twofold view : one, back 
on the wilderness ; the other, forward to Canaan. He looks 
back, and begins at Sinai, which in this book is called Horeb, 
and surveys the journey from thence to Jordan, and relates 
to this new generation how very disobedient and rebellious 
their fathers had been ; and he also sets before them the 
miracles, the patience, and loving kindness of Jehovah to- 
ward Israel all the way. He repeats the laws and ordi- 
nances which God had given them, explains and applies 
them to the people, and exhorts them most earnestly to obe- 
dience. Several new laws are added. 

Moses looks forward toward Canaan, describes the riches 
and glory of that land, and assures Israel that God will put 
them in possession of it. He most solemnly warns them 
against idolatry, and all kinds of departure from God; ex- 
horts them with all earnestness to cleave steadfastly unto the 
Lord forever ; to obey his laws, and to keep his statutes and 
ordinances, promising that so long as they did so, God would 



100 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1451. 

shower his blessings upon them ; at the same time threaten- 
ing, in case thej departed from God and disobeyed his laws, 
that all the curses in this book would be their portion. To- 
ward the close of the book, he delivers many remarkable 
prophecies, and the most interesting speeches ; blesses the 
twelve tribes, and foretells their future lot. From the top of 
ITebo he views the promised land, and leaves the world. 
This book includes a period of one month, besides the thirty 
days' mourning for Moses. 

2. Iq what three ways was the book of the law, or pentateueh, to be 
honored ? 

First, The king was to write a copy of it with his own 
hand, and to read therein all the days of his life. Second, 
It was to be written upon great stones, plastered, at their 
passing over Jordan. Third, It was to be read publicly, 
every seventh year, at the feast of Tabernacles, by the priests, 
in the audience of all Israel. 

3. "What further may be said of this particular book, or of this part of 
the book of Moses ? 

It may be considered as the last address of an aged parent 
to an undutiful race of children ; and the earnestness and 
affection which prevail, render it peculiarly interesting. It 
abounds with the finest models of oratory and poetry, which 
show that the mind of Moses, like his body, retained its full 
vigor. Examples of these may be found in his charges to 
the people, his song, and the blessings of the tribes. In the 
former books he spake as a lawgiver, merely declaring the 
statutes God had delivered him. But here he is more gen- 
erally a preacher, enforcing the laws before given, with warn- 
ings and exhortations ; frequently in the highest style of 
simple, pathetic eloquence. It is an honorable circumstance 
to this portion of Scripture, that our Lord took all his texts 
from it, with which he baffled Satan's temptations. The 
Apostles, also, in their writings, have frequently quoted from 
it. Oal, iii. 10; Acts iii. 22; Rom. xii. 19. 



A. M. 2554.] THE LAW REPEATED. 101 

Ch. XXXIV. I — 4. Give an account of Moses' death. 

After gi^'ing to tlie people a Song, and blessing each of 
the tribes, Moses went up from the plains of Moab to the top 
of Pisgah, over against Jericho, and the Lord showed him all 
the land of Canaan. Moses died there, and the Lord buried 
him in a valley of Moab ; but no man knoweth of his sepul- 
chre unto this day. And all the children of Israel mourned 
for him thirty days. 

5. Give some account of his character. 

He was greater than any other prophet of the Old Tes- 
tament. By Moses, God gave the law, and molded and 
formed the Jewish Church. By the other prophets he only 
sent particular reproofs, directions, and predictions. The 
last of the prophets concludes with a charge to remember 
the law of Moses. Christ himself often appealed to the 
writings of Moses, and vouched him for a witness, as one 
that saw His day at a distance, and spake of Him. He died 
at the age of one hundred and twenty years, and remained 
vigorous in mind and body to the last. His grave remained 
unknown, lest it should become an object of superstitious 
and idolatrous worship. Not the body, but the word of 
Moses, was permanently to abide in Israel. The people of 
God produced no prophet greater than Moses, because by 
none was the Lord more glorified. 



102 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. 0.1451. 



JOSHUA. 

B.C. 1451-1426 A.M. 2554-2579. 



1. What books in the Old Testament are called historical ? 

All the books from the beginning of Joshua to the end of 
Esther? 

2. What history do they contain? 

The only history that God hath given of his Church, from 
the time that Israel entered Canaan, to the time they returned 
from Babylon, — a period of more than a thousand years. 

3. Mention the order and leading subjects of the book of Joshua. 

It records the history of Israel under the government of 
Joshua, the successor of Moses, and may be divided into four 
parts. Firsts Their entering Canaan, and their conduct upon 
entering it. Chaps, i. to v. Secondly^ Their conquering and 
destroying the nations of Canaan. Chaps, vi. to xii. Thirdly^ 
How the land was divided among the tribes of Israel. Chaps, 
xiii to xxi. Fourthly^ How God's religion was established 
by Joshua, just before he died. 

4. How long time does this history contain? 
About twenty-live years. 



CHAPTEK I. 

THE ISRAELITES ENTER CANAAN. 

Oh. I.} — 5. How did the Lord encourage Joshua? 
He said to Joshua, Aris&, go over this Jordan, thou and all 
Israel, unto the land w^hicli I give to thee. The Lord showed 



A. M. 2554] THE ISRAELITES ENTER CANAAN. 103 

him the extent of the promised land, and said, There shall 
not any man be able to stand before thee, all the days of thy 
life. As I was with Moses, so will I be with thee. I will 
not fail thee nor forsake thee : and unto this people shalt 
thou divide for an inheritance the land which I sware unto 
their fathers to give them. 

6. How did the Lord instruct Joshua ? 

Be strong and very courageous ; that thou mayest observe 
to do according to all the law, which Moses my servant com- 
manded thee. Turn not from it, to the right hand or to the 
left, that thou mayest prosper whithersoever thou goest. 
This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth ; but 
thou shalt meditate therein day and night, that thou mayest 
be prosperous and have good success. Be not afraid, for the 
Lord is with thee.^ 

7. What command did Joshua give to the officers ? 

To pass through the hosts, and say to the people, Prepare 
victuals ; for in three days ye shall pass over Jordan. 

8. Were all the tribes to pass over ? 

The Reubenites, the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manas- 
seh, were to settle on this side Jordan. Their wives and their 
little ones were to remain in the land given them by Moses ; 
but the armed men, the mighty men of valor, were to go over 
and help their brethren, and afterwards to return and possess 
the land given them. 

9. "What did the people answer to the command of Joshua ? 
All that thou commandest us, we will do. 

10. What act was passed, showing their submission to his authority? 



' It should be a comfort to the rising generation, that the same grace that was 
promised to Joshua is promised to them. Those that go where God sends them, 
shall have him with them wherever they go, and need desire no more to make them 
easy and prosperous. 



104 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1451. 

That whosoever would not hearken to the words of Joshua, 
in all that he commanded, should be put to death.^ 

Ch. II.} — 11. How many did Joshua send to spy out the land? 
Two men. 

12. How were these men concealed from the King of Jericho ? 
Rahab, the harlot, concealed them with stalks of flax on 

the roof of her house : and when the king sent for them, she 
said, There came men unto me, but I wist not whence they 
were. About dark, thej went out. Pursue after them ; ye 
shall overtake them. 

13. What request did Eahab make of the spies before she let them go ? 
That when they had taken possession of the land, they 

should show her kindness, and save her and her father's house ? 

14. On what conditions did the men agree to grant her request ? 
There were three. Firsts She should tie the scarlet cord, 

with which she was about to let them down, in the window 
of her house. This was to be the mark that should indicate 
her house to all the Israelites.^ Second, She should have all 
those whose safety she had desired in the house with her, 
and keep them there. Third, She was to keep the matter 
secret : " If thou utter this our business, then we will be 
quit of thine oath." 

15. How can Eahab's want of allegiance to her king be justified? 
We are told that she professed to know that the God of the 

Israelites was God in heaven above, and in earth beneath ; 
and that God had given them the land. As she knew these 
things, it would have been a sin to join with those who would 
hinder Israel from possessing the land.^ 



» We mtist thus swear allegiance to the Lord Jesus, as the Captain of our salva- 
tion; and bind ourselves to do what he commands us by his word, and to go 
whither he sends us by his providence. Matt. viii. 9. 

'■* The scarlet thread was to be like the blood sprinkled on the doorpost, which 
secured the first-born from the destroying angel. 

^ We are not informed by the writer of the book of Joshua whether she collected 



A. M. 2554.] THE ISRAELITES ENTER CANAAN. 105 

Ch. III.} — 16. What preparations were the Israelites to make for cross- 
ing over Jordan ? 

After remaining three days by the river side, the officers 
went through the camp and charged the people that when 
they saw the ark move forward, with the priests bearing it, 
they should follow ; yet a space should be reserved between 
it and them, of about two thousand cubits. Then Joshua said 
to the people. Sanctify yourselves ; for to-morrow the Lord 
will do wonders among you. And the Lord said to Joshua, 
This day will I begin to magnify thee in the sight of all 
Israel. As I was with Moses, so will I be with thee. Tlie 
priests were commanded to bear the ark until the soles of 
their feet rested in the brink of the waters. 

17. "What miracle occurred when the priests came into the water ? 

Then the waters divided. Those that came down from 
above, rose up in a heap ; and those on the other side, ran off 
to the sea ; so that the ark stood firm in the midst of Jordan, 
while all the Israelites passed over on dry ground, and came 
over against Jericho.^ 

Ch. IV.} — 18. What was done to commemorate this miracle? 

Joshua sent twelve men to bring each a stone from the 
midst of Jordan, where the priests had stood, and set them 
up in Gilgal for a memorial, tliat the children of Israel and 
all the people of the earth might know the hand of the Lord, 
that it is mighty, and that they might fear the Lord forever. 



these things only from having heard what she mentioned to the spies, or whether 
God had been pleased to give her any special directions to entertain the spies, in 
obeying which she was to save her family from ruin. However, the book of Joshua 
is but a short account of what the Israelites did while under his command ; and 
many other circumstances attending facts recorded in it, were doubtless registered 
in books now lost. Josh. x. 13. It is said of Eahab, By faith she perished not with 
them that believed not, when she had received the spies with peace. Heb. xi. 31. 
And, judging of her as of the other persons spoken of in the same chapter, we may 
conclude that she had received some command from God, and that she acted in 
obedience to it. — Shnckford' a Connections. 

» The river Jordan overflowed its banks all the time of harvest ; and at this time 
it was that the Israelites passed over. 



106 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1451. 

Oh. V.} — 19. What effect had the miraculous drying up of the waters 
on the Oanaanites ? 

Their heart melted ; neither was there spirit in them any- 
more. 



OHAPTEK II. 

JERICHO AND AI. 

Oh. V. \ — 20. What ordinance was observed by the Israelites immedi- 
ately on entering Oanaan ? 

That of circumcision. The people that came out of Egypt 
were circumcised, but those who were born in the wilderness 
were not. 

21. After the observance of this ordinance, what did the Lord say to 
Joshua ? 

This day have I rolled away the reproach of Egypt. There- 
fore the place was called Gilgal. 

9,2. What feast did the Israelites then keep ? 
The feast of the Passover. 

23. What food did they now get 1 

The old corn of the land. The manna ceased the day after 
they had eaten the corn. 

24. Who appeared to Joshua 1 

One calling himself the Captain of the Lord's host ; and he 
said, Loose thy shoe from oif thy foot, for the place where 
thou standest is holy. This is the first appearance of God to 
Joshua after the death of Moses ; and he gave to him the 
same orders that he gave to Moses in the burning bush. Loose 
thy shoe from off thy foot. 

Oh. VI. [ — 25. How did Joshua conduct the siege of Jericho? 
•He ordered the men of war to go round the city, with 



A. M. 2554.] JERICHO AND AI. 107 

priests bearing the ark, and seven priests with trumpets of 
rams' horns. These were to go round the city once a day, for 
six days, and neither to shout, nor utter any word. On the 
seventh day they were to compass the city seven times, and 
the seventh time, Joshua said to the people, Shout, for the 
Lord hath given you the city. Then the walls of the city fell 
down, and they burnt it. All the people were slain, except 
Rahab and her kindred. 

26. What charge had Joshua given the people, with regard to the 
spoil ? 

Ye, in any wise, keep yourselves from the accursed thing ; 
lest ye make yourselves accursed, and make the camp of 
Israel a curse, and trouble it. But the gold, the silver, the 
brass and iron, they should bring into the treasury of the 
Lord. These were consecrated to him. 

27. Did Joshua forbid the rebuilding of Jericho? 

He did. He said. Cursed be the man that riseth up and 
buildeth this city. He shall lay the foundation thereof in 
his first-born, and in his youngest son shall he set up the gates 
of it.^ 1 Kings xvi. 34. 

Ch. VII.} — 28. Give an account of their defeat at Ai. 

Men went up and viewed Ai, and said to Joshua, Let 
about two or three thousand go up against it, for they are but 
few. So about three thousand went up, and they fled before 
the men of Ai. And the men of Ai slew thirty-six of them. 

29. How did this defeat affect Joshua and the elders of Israel ? 
They humbled themselves, and fell to the earth before the 

ark ; and Joshua said. What shall I say when Israel tm-neth 
their backs before their enemies ? 

30. "What did the Lord say to Joshua? 

Get thee up. Israel hath sinned and transgressed my cov- 

1 This prophecy was fulfilled above five hundred years after, in the days of Ahab. 
One Hiel, of Bethel, rebuilt the city, and his eldest sou, Abiram, died when he laid 
the foundation, and his youngest son, Serug, died at his setting up the gates. 



108 BIBLE HISTORY [b. o. 1431. 

enant. They have taken of the accnrsed thing ; they have 
stolen and dissembled also, and put it among their stuff. 
Thei'efore they could not stand before their enemies. And 
the Lord said, i^either will I be with you any more, except 
ye destroy the accursed from among you. 

31. How did Joshua undertake to find out who was the troubler of 
Israel? 

All the tribes were to sanctify themselves, and come before 
the Lord on the next day. Then it was to be seen which 
tribe the Lord would take, then the family, then the house- 
hold, and last the person ; and the one who was taken, was 
to be burned with fire. 

82, Who was taken ? 

Achan, one of the descendants of Judah. 

33. Give Joshua's advice to Achan. 

My son, give, I pray thee, glory to the Lord God of Israel, 
and make confession unto him, and tell me now what thou 
hast done. 

34. What was Achan's reply ? 

Indeed, I have sinned against the Lord. When I saw 
among the spoils a goodly Babylonish garment, and two 
hundred shekels of silver, and a wedge of gold, of fifty 
shekels weight, I coveted them, and took them ; and behold, 
they are hid in the earth, in the midst of my tent. 

35. What was Achan's fate ? 

Joshua sent, and had all these things brought, and laid be- 
fore the Lord. These, with Achan, his sons and his daugh- 
ters, his cattle and all that he had, were taken and brought to 
Achor, and there all Israel stoned them, and burnt them with 
fire, and raised over them a heap of stones. 

86. What was the name of the place ? 
The valley of Achor, which signifies Trouble. 
• Oh. YIII.}— 37. How was Ai finally taken? 



A. M. 2554.] MOUNT EBAL AND GERIZIM. 109 

Bv stratao-em. 

88. Give a particular account of it. 

The Lord directed Joshua to do to Ai as he had done to 
Jericho ; only the spoil of it thej should take for a prey. As 
the Lord further directed him, he divided the Israelites into 
two companies, one of which he commanded to lie in ambusli 
behind the city. Then he, and the men with him, went out 
before the city, and when the men of Ai came out against 
them, Joshua and his company made as if they were beaten 
before them, and fled toward the wilderness. When the 
men of Ai pursued after them, and were drawn away from 
the city, those who lay in ambush rose up behind, and 
entered the city, and set it on fire. Then Joshua turned 
upon the pursuers, and they were destroyed, — twelve thou- 
sand men ; all the men of Ai. 

39. What wa3 the fate of the king ? 

They took him alive and hanged him. At even, his carcass 
was cast down at the entering in of the gate, and a heap of 
stones raised over it. 



CHAPTER III. 

MOUNT EBAL AND GERIZEM. THE GIBEONITES. 

Deut., Ch. XXVII.} — 40. Give the substance of Moses' charge to the 
people, when they should come to Mount Ebal ? 

He had enjoined that when they should have passed over 
Jordan, they should set upon Mount Ebal great stones, and 
plaster them with plaster, and write the law upon them ; and 
they were to build an altar there unto the Lord, to offer 
burnt-offerings and peace-offerings, and to celebrate a feast 
unto the Lord. They were also to divide the people, and to 
place six of the tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, 



110 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 1451. 

and Benjamin — on Gerizim, a mountain opposite to Ebal ; and 
six on Mount Ebal — Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun, Dan, and 
ISTaphtali. Then the Levites were to read with a loud voice 
from Mount Ebal, the curses, and from Mount Gerizim, the 
blessings, according to all that is written in the book of the 
law ; and hereby the Israelites were to acknowledge their 
covenant with the Lord, and their obligation to keep his com- 
mandments. 

41. What were the curses and blessings pronounced? 

The curses were for violations of the commandments writ- 
ten upon the stones. Cursed should be the man that maketh 
any graven or molten image ; that setteth light by his father 
or mother ; that removeth his neighbor's landmark ; that 
maketh the blind to wander out of the way ; that perverteth 
the judgment of the stranger, fatherless, or widow ; that lieth 
with his father's wife, with any beast, with his sister, or 
mother-in-law ; that smiteth his neighbor secretly ; that 
taketh reward to slay an innocent person. And they (the 
Levites) were to conclude all by saying. Cursed be he that 
coniirmeth not all the words of this law to do them. To each 
of these, all the people were to answer, Amen. Deut. xxviii. 
1^0 mention is made of any special acts of obedience, on ac- 
count of which blessings were pronounced ; as the blessings 
do not belong to those who obey some and neglect others of 
God's commandments, for he that keepeth the whole law, and 
offendeth in one point, is guilty of all.^ But if they kept all 
the commandments of the Lord their God, they should be 
blessed in the city, and blessed in the field ; in the fruit of 
their body, of their ground, their cattle, their kine, and sheep ; 
in their basket and store ; blessed in coming in, and blessed 
in going out. 

1 As many as are of the works of the law are under the ciu'se, for it is written, 
Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book 
of the law to do them. Gal. iii. 10. What the law could not do, Christ has done 
for us. In his sermon on the mount, which was the true Gerizim, we have bless- 
ings only. 



A. M. 2554 ] THE GIBEONITES. Ill 

Josh., Cn. YIII. ] — 42. Did Joshua observe this charge of Moses ? 

He did. He built an altar of whole stones in Mount Ebal, 
and offered burnt-offerings and peace-offerings, and wrote on 
the stones a copy of the law, in the presence of all Israel. 
He divided the people, setting half on Mount Ebal and half 
on Mount Gerizim, and afterward read all the words of the 
law, the blessings and cursings — every thing that Moses com- 
manded. 

Ch. IX. } — 43. What kings confederated against Israel ? 
The kings of the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, 
Hivites, and Jebusites. 

44. How did the Gibeonites obtain a covenant of peace ? 

By fraud, which w^as detected; but their lives were spared 
on account of the oath sworn to them. 

45. Give a more full account of it. 

The Gibeonites made as if they had been embassadors, and 
put on old garments, and took old provisions. They came to 
Joshua, and told him they were strangers from a far country, 
come to make a league with him. As they showed by their 
garments, their provisions, and wine-bottles, how long had 
been their journey, Joshua was deceived, and made a cove- 
nant of peace with them. Afterward the Israelites heard 
they were their neighbors, and dwelt among them. 

46. "What was the fate of the Gibeonites ? 

They were made servants to the children of Israel. 

Ch. X.}— 47. What five kings made war with Gibeon? 
Adoni-zedec, of Jerusalem ; Hoham, of Hebron ; Piram, of 
Jarmuth ; Japhia, of Lachish ; and Debir, king of Eglon. 

48. To whom did the Gibeonites apply for aid ? 

To Joshua. They sent to the camp of Gilgal, saying, Slack 
not thy hand from thy servants. Come up to us quickly, and 
save U8, and help us. 



112 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1444. 

49. Did the Lord encourage Joshua to aid the Gibeonites ? 

The Lord said, Fear them not. I have delivered them into 
thine hand. There shall not a man of them stand before thee. 

50. How did the Lord favor the Israelites ? 

By two miracles. He cast down great hailstones, which 
destroyed more of the enemy than were slain in battle. And 
Joshua commanded the sun and moon to stand still, for near 
a whole day, to afford the Israelites a continuance of light to 
pursue their victory. 

61. What two lessons were taught by the last miracle? 

J^ot only that God was the God of I^ature, and could sus- 
pend her laws, but that he was higher than the elements, 
the sun, moon, and stars, which were the deities of the Ca- 
naanites. 

52. What was the fate of the kings ? 

They hid themselves in a cave at Makkedah. Joshua had 
great stones rolled to the mouth of the cave, until he returned 
from the slaughter ; then they were taken out, and the cap- 
tains of Israel put their feet upon their necks ; after which 
they were hung upon five trees until evening, when they 
were taken down, put into the cave again, and stones rolled 
to the mouth of the cave. 

- Ch. XI.} — 53. What is said of the other kings of Canaan? 

They confederated against Israel, and met at the waters 
of Merom to fight against Joshua. The Lord encouraged 
Joshua to attack these also. He did so, and destroyed them. 

Ch. XIL} — 54. How many kings were conquered on the west side of 
Jordan? 

Thirty-one. 



A. M. 2561.1 LOCATING THE TRIBES. 113 



CHAPTEK lY. 

LOCATING THE TRIBES. 

Cn. XIII.} — 55. HoTV were the children of Israel divided? 
Nine and a half tribes were to have portions west of the 
river Jordan. Two and a half, east. 

56. Point out the relative location of each of the tribes, on the map of 
Palestine. 

57. TVliat tribe had no inheritance assigned to it? 

The tribe of Levi ; for the Lord God of Israel was their in- 
heritance. 

Ch. XIV.} — 58. On what ground did Caleb demand Hebron ? 

Moses had promised it to him, because he wholly followed 
the Lord. The sons of Anak possessed it, and Caleb drove 
them out. 

Cn. XYIII. } — 59. To what place did they remove the Tabernacle? 
To Shiloh ; a city in Ephraim's possession. 

Ch. XIX.} — 60. Where did Joshua get a possession? 

In Timnath-serah, a city which he built on Mount Ephraim. 

01. At what place were these inheritances assigned to the children of 
Israel ? 

At the door of the Tabernacle, in Shiloh. 

Cu. XX.} — 62. What cities were appointed as cities of refuge? 

Kedesh, in JSTaphtali; Shechem, in Ephraim ; Kirjath-arba, 
in the mountain of Judah ; and on the other side of Jordan, 
Bezer, in the possession of Reuben ; Ramoth, in Gilead, of 
the tribe of Gad ; and Golan, in Bashan, out of the tribe ol 
Manasseh. 

Ch. XXI.} — 63. How many cities were appointed for the Levites? 



114 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 1426. 

Forty-eight. The Levites were dispersed in all the tribes, 
in order that all might find employment, and that the benefit 
of their services might be universally difiTused ; so that the 
curse, in their case, was turned into a blessing.^ 

64. How many branches were there of the Levites ? 

Three ; descended from the three sons of Levi, — Gershon, 
Kohath, and Merari. 

65. From which family did Aaron descend ? 
From Kohath. 

66. Were all the Levites priests? 

They were not, but all the priests were Levites. 

67. To which of these families did the priesthood particularly belong? 
To the children of Aaron. 

68. How many cities were assigned to the priests ? 
Thirteen. 

69. Where were they located? 

In the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, and Simeon. The cities 
of refuge were Levitical cities. 

Cn. XXIIL, XXIY.}— 70. Give the substance of Joshua's dying 
charge. 

He called all the elders and officers of Israel together, and 
gave them a brief history of the Lord's kindness to their an- 
cestors, from the days of Terah down to his late dealings with 
them in the land of Canaan, and charged them, by the mer- 
cies of God, and the prospects of future blessings, to be stead- 
fast in his service. He warned them against idolatry, and 
said, in case of disobedience, God would as certainly visit 
them with judgments, as, in case of obedience, he would 
fulfill his promises. Then followed his exhortation to them : 
Fear the Lord, and serve him in sincerity and truth; and 



'» It is generally thought that the Levites had, after the manner of Egypt, the 
law, literature, and science of the nation in their hands. 



A. M. 2579.] LOCATING THE TRIBES. 115 

put away the strange gods that are among yon, which your 
fathers served on the other side of the flood (i. e. Euphrates), 
and in Egypt : and choose you this day whom ye will serve. 
But as for me and my house, we will serve the Lord. And 
the people made a covenant with him, to serve the Lord : 
and Joshua set up a stone to be a witness unto them of the 
covenant. 

71. Where was this covenant made? and give some account of the 
place. 

At Shechem. There Abraham, the first trustee of God's 
covenant, settled when he first came into Canaan. God 
there appeared to him, and promised the land to him and his 
seed. Gen. xii. 6, 7. It was situated in a valley, with Ebal 
on one side, and Gerizim on the other, where the people had 
renewed their covenant with God at their first coming into 
Canaan. Josh. viii. 30. Of the promises God had made to 
their fathers, and of the promises they themselves had made 
to God, this place might serve to put them in mind. At 
this time, some suppose, they buried here the bones of 
Joseph. 

72. How old was Joshua when he died? 
One hundred and ten years. 

73. Where was he buried ? 

At Timnath-serah, in Mount Ephraim, on the north side 
of the hill Gaash. 

74. Where was Eleazar the priest buried? 
• In Mount Ephraim. 



116 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 1425. 



JUDGES. 

B. C. 1435-1130 A. M. 2580-2885. 



1. Give the order and leading subjects of tins book. 

It consists of two parts. In the first sixteen chapters, we 
have a brief account of the affairs of Israel from the death of 
Joshua to the death of Samson. 

2. Who were the judges that governed Israel during this period, and 
■what the number of years each governed ? 

Othniel, forty years ; Ehud, eighty ; Barak, forty ; Gideon, 
forty; Abimelech, three; Tola, twenty-three; Jair, twenty- 
two ; Jephthah, six ; Ibzan, seven; Elon, ten ; Abdon, eight ; 
Samson, twenty years. 

3. In what did the power of the judges consist? 

Judges were not crowned as kings, and had not the power 
of kings to make new laws ; yet were appointed as superior 
officers and governors under God, over all Israel. Their 
chief commission was, to see that the religion of God was 
properly conducted by the priests, as the laws of Moses 
directed ; to oblige the magistrates to execute justice accord- 
ing to the laws of Moses ; and to be the chief commanders of 
armies in time of war. 

4. What is contained in the book from the sixteenth chapter to the 
end? 

Remarkable events that occurred during the government 
of the judges. 

. 5. How long a period of time does the history of this book include ? 
About three hundred and five years. 



A. M. 2580.] WARS WITH THE CANAANITES. 117 



CHAPTEE I. 

WARS WITH THE CAN-AANITES. 

Ch. I. } — 6. After the death of Joshua, which of the tribes did the Lord 
direct to go up against the Oanaanites ? 

Jndah : and Judah invited Simeon to go with him. 

7. What was their success ? 

The Lord delivered the Canaanites and Perizzites into 
their hands, and they slew in Bezek ten thousand men. 
Adoni-bezek fled, but they pursued after him and took him, 
and cut off his thumbs and great toes. He was brought to 
Jerusalem, and there died. 

8. How did Adoni-bezek regard this treatment ? 

He acknowledged himself as an offender brought to justice, 
and confessed that he deserved the doom inflicted upon him. 
He said, Threescore and ten kings, having their thumbs and 
great toes cut off, gathered their meat under my table. As 
I have done to them, so God hath requited me. 

9. What did Caleb promise to the one who should take Kirjath- 
sepher? 

Achsah, his daughter, to wife. 

10. Who did take it ? 

Othniel, the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother. 

11. What places did Judah and Simeon take? 

Hormah, Gaza, Askelon, and Ekron. Judah drove out the 
inhabitants of the mountain, but could not drive out the in- 
habitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron. 

12. Who remained in Jerusalem? 
The Jebusites. 



118 BIBLE HISTOKY. [b. o. 1296. 

13. What place did Ephraim and Manasseh take? 
Bethel ; formerly called Luz. 

14. What tribes failed to drive out the Oanaanites ? 

Manasseh, Ephraim, Zebulun, Asher, E'aphtali. The chil- 
dren of Dan were forced by the Amorites into the mountains. 

Oh. IL[ — 15. How were the people rebuked for disobedience? 

By an Angel of the Lord who came from Gilgal to Bochim, 
and said, I brought you up out of Egypt into the land I 
sware to your fathers, and I said, I will never break my 
covenant with you ; and ye shall make no league with the 
inhabitants of the land. Ye shall throw down their altars ; 
but ye have not obeyed my voice. Why have ye done this ? 
I will not drive them out from before you, but they shall be 
as thorns in your sides, and their gods shall be a snare unto 
you. 

16. How long did the children of Israel serve the Lord? 

Until after the death of Joshua, and the elders that out- 
lived Joshua. 

17. What was the prevailing sin of the next generation ? 
Idolatry. They served Baalim and Ashtaroth. 

18. What was the consequence ? 

The anger of the Lord was hot against Israel, and he deliv- 
ered them into the hand of spoilers. Yet he pitied tliem and 
raised up judges to deliver th^m : and the Lord was with the 
judges. 

Ch. III. I— 19. To whom was Israel sold? 

Into the hand of the King of Mesopotamia ; and they served 
the King of Mesopotamia eight years. 

20. When they cried unto the Lord, whom did he raise up for a 
deliverer? 

Othniel, the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother. He 
delivered Israel, and the land had rest forty years. 

21. Who was the next king that oppressed them ? 



A. M. 2709.^] WARS WITH THE CANAANITES.. 119 

Eglon, king of Moab. He gathered unto him the children 
of Ammon and Amalek, and smote Israel. The children of 
Israel served him eighteen years. 

22. When Israel cried unto the Lord, who was raised up ? 

Ehud, a Benjamite. By him, Eglon, king of Moab, was 
slain, and the children of Israel slew ten thousand of the 
Moabites, and subdued them. The land then had rest eighty 
years. 

Ch. 1Y.\ — 23. Give some account of the next revolt. 

The children of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord 
after Ehud was dead, and the Lord sold them into the hand 
of Jabin, king of Canaan ; and for twenty years he " mightily 
oppressed" them. 

24. Who judged Israel at that time ? 
Deborah, a prophetess. 

25. Whom did she appoint captain of her host, and what direction did 
she give him ? 

Barak ; and she directed him to take the children of Zebu- 
lun, and ten thousand men of ]^aphtali, and go against Sisera, 
the captain of Jabin's army. And Deborah went up with him. 

26. How large a force did Sisera bring to meet him? 

All the people that were with him, a great multitude, and 
nine hundred chariots of iron. 

27. What was the result of the engagement? 

Barak discomfited Sisera, with all his chariots, and all his 
host. Sisera fled away on foot to the tent of Jael, the wife 
of Heber, who, when he lay asleep, drove a nail into his 
temples, and he died. 

28. Who was Jael ? 

The wife of Heber the Kenite, who descended from Hobab, 
the kinsman of Moses. 

29. What was the fate of Jabin ? 
He was destroyed. 



120 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 1249. 

80. How did Deborah celebrate tliis victory? 
'By a song of praise.^ 

81. How long had the land rest? 
Forty years. 



CHAPTEE II. 

GIDEON. 

Ch. YI.[ — 82. When Israel again sinned, how were they punished? 
They were delivered into the hand of Midian seven years, 
and were greatly impoverished because of the Midianites. 

33. To whom did they then apply for aid ? 

To the Lord ; and he sent an angel who commissioned 
Gideon to deliver them. 

34. What objections did Gideon offer against this undertaking? 

He said his family was poor in Manasseh, and he was the 
least in his father's house, 

35. How did the Lord encourage him ? 

The Lord promised to be with him, and that he should 
smite the Midianites as one man. 

36. How did the angel confirm his commission ? 
By consuming Gideon's oblation with fire. 

37. How was Gideon affected ? 

When he perceived that an angel of the Lord had been 
with him, he was afraid ; but he was encouraged by the 



1 From intimations contained in the song of Deborah, and from other circum- 
stances, the people appear to have been sunk into a state of total discouragement 
under the oppression of the Canaanites, and so great was their despondency that it 
was difficult to induce them to make any exertion to break the yoke of their bond- 
age. This probably led Deborah to express such gratitude toward the people for 
the effort they finally ma^e. The song ie a fine Bpeoimen of Hebrew poetry. 



A. M. 2756.] GIDEON. 121 

Lord, wlio said, Fear not; thou slialt not die. Tlicn Gideon 
built an altar to the Lord, and sacrificed on it, and called it 
Jehovah-shalom — the Lord send peace. He also pulled down 
the altar of Baal, and cut down the grove. 

38. What effect had this destruction upon the followers of Baal ? 
They purposed to put him to death. 

39. Who pleaded for him ? 

His father Joash said unto them, Will ye plead for Baal ? 
If he be a god, let him plead for himself. Therefore his 
father gave him a new name, Jerubbaal — let Baal plead. 

40. How did Gideon raise an army to fight against the Midianites and 
Auialekites, and how was he encouraged? 

He sent messengers throughout Manasseh, Asher, Zebulun, 
and Kaphtali, and they gathered unto him. He was then 
encouraged by a twofold sign : the dew falling upon a fleece 
of wool, while the earth around was dry ; and again, the 
wool being dry, while the dew was on: the earth around. 

Ch. VII.} — 41. How large was Gideon's army, and how was it tried? 

Tliirty-two thousand. The Lord said. The people are too 
many. And lest Israel should say. Mine own hand hath 
saved me, he directed Gideon to proclaim to the people, 
Wliosoever is fearful and afraid, let him return and depart 
early from Mount Gilead. Twenty-two thousand then re- 
turned. Tlie Lord then said, The people are yet too n.\ax!y. 
The ten thousand that remained w^ere then brought down to 
the water to drink, and only the three hundred who lapped 
the water were chosen. 

42. How was Gideon further encouraged? 

By the dream of the barley loaf and its interpretation. As 
the Lord directed him, he went down with his servant pri- 
vately, to look on the host of the enemy : and he saw them 
lie along the valley like grasshoppers, and their camels were 
without number. And when Gideon was come to them, he 
heard one man tell a dream to his fellow. He dreamed that 

6 



122 BIBLE HISTORY [b. c. 120D. 

a cake of barlej-bread tumbled into the host of Midian, and 
came unto a tent and smote it, and overturned it. And his 
fellow answered him, This is nothing else save the sword of 
Gideon, for into his hand hath God delivered Midian and all 
the host. 

43. Give an account of the engagement. 

Gideon divided the three hundred men into three equal 
companies, each of which, in the darkness of the night, 
silently approached the enemy's camp in a different quarter. 
Each man carried a trumpet in one hand, and a pitcher con- 
taining a lighted torch in the other. At a given signal, they 
all threw down their pitchers with a loud crash, raised their 
torches on high, blew their trumpets, and shouted, The sword 
of the Lord and of Gideon. The Midianites, in their terror 
and confusion, all ran and cried and fled, and the Lord set 
every man's sword against his fellow, throughout the host. 
The Ephraimites took two of the princes of Midian, Oreb and 
Zeeb, slew them, and brought their heads to Gideon. 

Oh. VIII.} — 44. While pursuing the other kings of Midian, Zebah and 
Zalmunna, who refused Gideon bread for his army ? 

The men of Succoth and Penuel. They upbraided him 
and said. Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine 
hand, that we should give bread to thine army ? 

46. Did he succeed in talking those kings? 

He did, and smote their host, which were in number about 
fifteen thousand, being all that were left of a hundred and 
twenty thousand. 

46. On his return, how did he treat the men of Succoth and Penuel, 
who had refused bread to his army ? 

He took the elders of Succoth and tore their flesh with 
briers and thorns. He beat down the tower of Penuel, and 
slew the men of the city. 

47. What had the kings of Midian done that incensed Gideon ? 



A. M. 2796.] ABIMELECH. 123 

They had slain his brethren at Tabor ; therefore he slew 
them. 

48. What reply did Gideon make when he was offered the government? 
I will not rule over yon, neither shall my son rule over 

you ; the Lord shall rule over you. 

49. What request did he make of the people ? 

He asked of them the golden ear-rings they had taken as 
spoil, and he made of them an ephod, which proved an occa- 
sion of idolatry. 

50. How many sons had Gideon ? 

Seventy, and one by his concubine in Shechem, whom he 
called Abimelech. 

51. How long did the land have quietness? 
Forty years, all the days of Gideon. 

62. What sins did they fall into, after his death ? 
Idolatry : and also ingratitude, in that they did not show 
kindness to the house of Gideon. 



CHAPTEK III. 

ABIMELECH AND JEPHTHAH. 

Ch. IX. I — 53. Who was the next ruler of Israel? 

Abimelech, Gideon's son. 

54. How was he raised to authority? 

By guile and usurpation. He conspired with the She- 
chemites, murdered his brethren, except the youngest, who 
hid himself.^ 



' This practice of kilUiig the king's sons, liad already become nsnnl in the king- 
doms around Palestine, from which it was adopted by Abimelech. This was for 
centuries the regular policy of the Ottoman court ; also of the Persian court from a 



124 BIBLE HISTORY. [b.c. 1161. 

55. How was the ingratitude of the Shechemites exposed, and their 
ruin foretold? 

When they were gathered together in Shecheni to make 
Abimelech king, Jotham, the son who had escaped, came and 
stood in the top of Momit Gerizim (probably he stood out 
boldly on a cliff of the mountain), and cried to them. Hearken 
unto me, ye men of Shechem, that God may hearken unto 
you. He then related to them a fable.^ The trees, he said, 
went forth to choose a king. First they went to the olive- 
tree, but the olive refused to quit its fatness to go to be pro- 
moted over the trees ; then they went to the fig-tree, which 
in like manner refused to quit its sweetness ; the vine also 
refused to leave its gladdening wine ; and the trees in their 
despair went to the bramble, which considered the matter 
sagely, and consented to reign, on conditions which the rich 
olive or the fruitful vine would not have exacted. " If in 
truth ye anoint me king over you, then come and put your 
trust in my shadow ; and if not, let fire come out of the 
bramble and devour the cedars of Lebanon." He then made 
the application of the parable to them, exposing the ridicu- 
lous ambition of Abimelech. The bramble is a worthless 
plant, not to be numbered among the trees ; not only useless 
and fruitless, but vexatious and hurtful. It began with a 
curse, and its end is to be burned. Such a one was Abime- 
lech, and yet chosen to the government by all the trees. 
Jotham then ran away and hid himself from Abimelech. 



far earlier date, xintil it was found that the object might be attained by destroying 
the eyes, instead of taking the hfe, of all the sons of the king but the one who 
reigned. It is recorded that all the sons of a Persian king, whose reign terminated 
in 1834, grew up in the belief that their eyes would be taken from them on the 
death of their father. An English lady relates a touching incident of seeing one of 
the boys walking about the harem, blindfolded, in order, he said, that he might 
know how to walk when blind ; as he knew that his sight would be taken from 
him when the king, his father, should die. 

1 This is the most ancient specimen of this kind of writing on record. It is seven 
huridred years older than ^Esop, the most ancient heathen name in parabolical lit- 
erature, and certainly equal to any thing that great fabulist produced. 



A. M. 2844.] JEPHTHAH. 125 

56. After three years, with whom did the Shechemites conspire ngainst 
Abimelech ? 

"With Gaal, one of the native Canaanites. 

57. What was the result ? 

Abimelech subdued them. He took the city of Shecliem, 
destroyed it, and sowed it with salt. Those who took refuge 
in the tower he also destroyed, and burned the hold. 

58. Give an account of Abimelech's own death. 

When he was endeavoring to take the tower at Thebez, 
where all the people had fled for protection, and to bui-n it, a 
woman threw a piece of millstone on his head, and all to 
break his skull, i. e., with the intention of doing it. He then 
called his armor-bearer to slay him with a sword, that it 
might not be said, A woman slew him. 

59. What was accomplished in these events? 
The curse of Jotham was fulfilled. 
Ch. X.}— 60. Who succeeded Abimelech? 

Tola, of the tribe of Issachar. He judged Israel twenty- 
three years. After his death arose Jair, a Gileadite, who 
judged Israel twenty-two years. 

61. What is said of Israel after the death of these two judges ? 
They relapsed into idolatry, for which they were sold into 

the hands of the Philistines and Ammonites. 

62. To whom did they cry in their trouble? 

To God ; who first directed them to their idols which they 
had chosen. Afterward, when deeply sensible of their sins, 
he pitied them and was grieved for the misery of Israel. 

Cii. XI. } — 63. Who was chosen to be their leader against the Ammonites? 

Jephthali, the Gileadite, the son of a harlot. On the death 
of his father, his brethren had cast him forth from them, and 
he had put himself at the head of a company of brave, lawless 
men, and had gained the reputation of being a mighty man 
of valor. 



126 BIBLE HISTORY. [b.c.1161. 

64. When the elders of Gilead sent to make him their captain, what 

did lie repl}' ? 

He said, Did not ye hate me, and expel me out of my 
father's house ? Why are ye come to me now in your dis- 
tress 1 But when they urged him, he asked them, if the Lord 
should deliver the Ammonites into his hand, should he then 
be their head. And they said. The Lord is witness between 
us, if we do not according to thy words. 

65. What was his success? 

The children of Ammon were all subdued before Israel. 

6Q. What rash vow did Jephthah make on going forth to battle ? 

That if the Ammonites should be delivered into his hands, 
whatsoever should come first from the house to meet him, he 
would offer as a burnt-offering to the Lord. 

67. Who met him, and the effect on Jephthah ? 

His daughter, his only child, came forth to meet him with 
timbrels and dances. When he saw her, he rent his clothe^ 
and said, Alas, my daughter, thou hast brought me very low. 
I have opened my mouth to the Lord, and I can not go back. 
- 68. Was the vow kept ? 

It was, after two months. Whether or not she was offered 
as a burnt-offering, has been a matter of dispute. Some sup- 
pose she was only secluded from the world and strictly de- 
voted to religious exercises. The fact that the daughters of 
Israel went yearly to lament her, seems rather to favor the 
former opinion.^ 

^ " There are various other arguments in favor of the opinion that the daughter of 
Jephthah was oft'erecl in sacrifice. We have no account of females in Israel devoted 
to perpetual virginity. Jephthah proposed to offer up for a burnt-offering whatso- 
ever should come forth of the doors of his house to meet him. Now, he could not 
have expected bullocks, goats, or such animals as were offered according to law, to 
come forth from his house to welcome him at his return. It is obvious that he ex- 
pected some human person. And as the Ammonites offei-ed human victims to their 
god, he may have superstitiously thought to secure the favor of their god by the 
same means. The story of Iphigenia, a name evidently signifying ' the daughter of 
Jephthah,' is well known. She is said in pagan history to have been sacrificed by 



A. M. 2844.] SAMSON. 127 

Cn. XII.}— 69. With which of the tribes had Jephthah war? 
With the Ephraimites. They were offended because they 
were not invited to take part in the war with Ammon. 
TO. In their quarrel, how many were slain ? 
Forty-two thousand of the Ephraimites. 

71. How long did Jephthah judge Israel ? 
Six years. 

72. "What judges succeeded him, and how long did each rule ? 
Ibzan, of Bethlehem, next succeeded, and judged Israel 

seven years. After him, Elon, a Zebulunite, judged ten 
years. Then Abdon, a Pirathonite, eight years. 



CHAPTEK IV. 

SAMSON. 

Ch. XIII.} — 73. After this, what is said of the children of Israel? 
They did evil in the sight of the Lord, and he delivered 
them into the hand of the Philistines for forty years. 

74. Who was the next judge of Israel? 

Samson, the son of Manoah, of the tribe of Dan. 

75. What can you say of Samson ? 

There is no other judge in Israel whose history is so fully 
related. It occupies about a fifth part of the book. It is full 



her father Agamemnon. The story is evidently founded on this piece of divine 
history, and favors the opinion that Jephthah, according to his vow, did make a 
burnt-olfering of his daughter. This also is thought to account for the change of 
the high-priesthood from the family of Phinehas to the family of Ithamar, from 
whom Eli was descended. We have no account of this change, but it is supposed 
that it might have been caused by the high-priest in the day of Jephthah officiatmg 
in a sacrifice in itself so horrible, and so contrary both to the letter and spirit of the 
law of God." 

5 



128 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1140. 

of striking and marvelous incidents, arising from the great 
physical strength and the great moral weakness of the hero, 
— mixed up with a prevailing and childlike trust in the Lord, 
in which lies all of greatness that belongs to his character. 
His history commences before his birth, and excepting Isaac, 
he was the only one, thus far, whose birth was foretold by an 
angel. In the case of Isaac, the disclosure was made to the 
father in the hearing of Sarah ; in this of Samson, to the 
mother, the wife of Manoah. The angel also gave directions 
as to the manner of bringing him up ; that he should be a 
Il^azarite unto God;^ and promised that he should begin to 
deliver Israel out of the hands of the Philistines. 

76. How did Manoah and liis wife ascertain that it was an angel? 

Manoah asked him to eat with them, which he refused. 
He next asked the angel's name, who said, Why askest thou 
after my name, seeing it is secret ? Manoah then offered a 
kid for a burnt-offering to the Lord, and Avhen the flame went 
up toward heaven from the altar, the angel of the Lord as- 
cended in the flame. 

Oh. XIV.} — 77. Whom did Samson desire for a wife? 

A woman in Timnath, of the daughters of the Philistines, 
and asked his father and his mother to get her for him. This 
was not agreeable to his parents, who said, Is there not a 
woman among all thy people, that thou goest to take a wife 
of the uncircumcised Philistines ? But Samson insisted, Get 
her for me, for she pleaseth me well. 

78. What occurred on his way to Timnath the second time ? 

A young lion roared against him; and the Spirit of the 
Lord came upon Samson, and he rent the lion as if it had 
been a kid. 

* The chief personal peculiarity of a Nazarite consisted in the hair being- suffered 
to grow during the whole period, even if for life ; and the chief self-denial was in 
abstinence from wine and all strong drink. He was also to take special care to keep 
himself from all ceremonial pollution, especially that which was contracted by 
touching a dead body. 



A. M. 2865.] SAMSON. 129 

79. "When he went down tlie third time to marry her, what did lie find? 
He turned aside to see the carcass of the lion, and behold 

there was a swarm of bees and honey in the carcass ; and he 
took of it, and gave of it also to his father and mother. 

80. Wliat custom of Eastern weddings is here taken notice of? 
That offcasts. It was cnstomary at a marriage to observe 

two feasts. One was held by the bride at the honse of her 
father, the other by the bridegroom, elsewhere. The sexes 
did not eat together, neither do they now. It was nsual for 
the bridegroom to have a certain number of companions, who 
were always with him at his service during the period of the 
feast, which lasted seven days. In the 'New Testament they 
are called the friends of the bridegroom, and children of the 
bride-chamber. Matt. ix. 15 ; John iii. 29. 

81. During the marriage-feast, what riddle did Samson put forth, and 
what were its conditions ? 

Out of the eater came forth meat, and out of the strong 
came forth sweetness. If any of them should declare it 
within the seven days of the feast, he would give that one 
thirty sheets, and thirtj^ changes of raiment ; but if none of 
them could expound it, this forfeit should be paid to him. 

82. How did the Philistines find out the riddle? 

Samson's wife, by her importunity, drew it from him, and 
then she told his companions. The seventh day of the feast 
they said to him, What is sweeter than honey, and what is 
stronger than a lion ? 

83. When Samson found he was betrayed, what was his course? 

He went down to Askelon, and slew thirty of the Philis- 
tines, and brought their garments to pay his forfeit. His 
anger was kindled, and he went up to his father's house. 

Ch. Xy.} — 84. When he returned to visit his wife, how was ho re- 
ceived ? 

Her father would not permit him to see her, and said, 
I thouglit that thou hadst utterly hated her, and therefore I 



130 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1120. 

gave her to tlij companion. He then offered Samson her 
younger sister. 

85. How did Sainson bear this treatment? 

He looked upon it as an offence to his whole nation. He 
considered himself as a public person, and that he would 
be justified in doing the Philistines an injury. Therefore 
he destroyed their corn and vineyards with foxes ^ and fire- 
brands. 

86. "What was the consequence of this? 

When the Philistines learned that Samson had done this 
to avenge himself, they came up and burnt his wife and her 
father with fire. 

87. What further did Samson do ? 

He said to the Philistines, Though ye have done this, yet 
will I be avenged of you. And he smote them with a great 
slaughter, and went and dwelt in the top of the rock Etam. 

88. Did the Phihstines pursue him? 

They did. They went up and pitched in Judah, and said, 
To bind Samson are w^e come up ; to do to him as he hath 
done to us. 

89. How was Samson treated by the men of Judah ? 

They bound him, and delivered him to the Philistines. 
But he made them promise they would not fall upon him 
themselves. 

90. What occurred when he was brought to Lehi ? 

The Philistines shouted against him : and the Spirit of the 
Lord came mightily upon him, so that he broke the cords 
that bound him. He found a new jaw-bone of an ass, took 
it, and slew a thousand men. And he said — 

With the jaw-bone of an ass, heaps upon heaps. 
With the ja"w of an ass have I slain a thousand men. 

1 The animal spoken of here was probably quite different from our fox. The 
ja'ckal ie supposed to be meant. — See Jahi'^s Archceology. 



A. M. 2885.] SAMSON. 131 

91. What did he call the name of the place? 
Ramath-lelii ; which signifies, Hill of the jaw-bone. 

92. For what did he cry to the Lord ? 

He was sore athirst ; and the Lord heard him, and caused 
a spring suddenly to burst out from a cleft in the hill, to 
which he had just given the name Lehi, or Jaw-bone. 

Ch. XVI. }• — 93. How did Samson escape from Gaza? 
He carried off the gates of the city. 

94. Whom did he afterwards love in Sorek? 
A woman whose name was Delilah. 

95. How did the lords of the Philistines find out wherein his strength 
lay? 

They prevailed on Delilah to entice him. He deceived 
her three times. When she pressed him daily with her 
words, and urged him so that his soul was vexed unto death, 
he told her all his heart ; that he had been a ITazarite unto 
God ; but that if shaven, then his strength would go from him, 
and he would become weak like any other man. And De- 
lilah told the Philistines. They then shaved him while he 
slept, and when he awoke, he found the Lord had departed 
from him. 

96. How did the Philistines then treat him? 

They put out his eyes, and bound him with fetters of brass, 
and brought him down to Gaza ; and he was made to grind 
in the prison-house. 

97. Give an account of his death. 

The lords of the Philistines gathered together to offer a 
sacrifice unto Dagon, their god, and to rejoice, saying their 
god had delivered Samson, their enemy, into their hand. 
When they were merry, they sent for Samson, out of the 
prison-house, to make sport for them. He was set between 
the pillars of the house, which was full of men and women. 
About three thousand were on the roof. Samson took hold 



132 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1406. 

of the pillars, and tlien he cried unto the Lord, Lord God, 
remember me, I pray thee, and strengthen me, I pray thee, 
only this once, O God, that I may be at once avenged of the 
Philistines for my two eyes. And he took hold of the two 
middle pillars, and said. Let me die with the Philistines. 
And he bowed himself with all his might, and the house fell 
upon the lords, and upon all the people that were within. 
So he slew, at his death, more than all he slew in his life. 
And his brethren came down and took him, and buried him 
in the burying-place of his father. He had judged Israel 
twenty years. 



CHAPTEK y. 

SOCIAL AND CIVIL DISORDERS. 

98. What will you say of the five last chapters of the book of Judges ? 

Tliey form a supplement to the book, and relate incidents 
which, in their chronological place, occurred between the 
death of the elders that outlived Joshua, and the government 
of Othniel. These incidents are important, from the distinct 
impression they enable us to realize of the loose condition of 
society during that anarchical period, and they show the re- 
ligious and social disorders of the time. What is related in 
the three last chapters, serves, probably, as its main object, 
to account for the great diminution of importance w^hich the 
warlike tribe of Benjamin underwent, and the small figure it 
makes (except for its dependence on, and connection with 
Judah) in the subsequent history of the nation. 

99. Kelate the incidents of the 17th and 18th chapters, in which Micah 
was concerned. 

Micah, an Ephraimite, stole money from his mother, which 
he restored, and she made images of it. He consecrated one 



A. M. 2599.] SOCIAL AND CIVIL DISORDERS. 133 

of his sons to be ^Driest, and idolatry was set np. Afterwards 
he hired a wandering Levite to serve as his priest. The 
Danites sent out five men to seek an inheritance, who met 
with Micah's Levite, and were encouraged to proceed. They 
searched Laish, returned, and six hundred men were sent to 
surprise the place. They took it ; robbed Micah of his idols, 
and enticed away his priest. They, also, set up idolatry ; and 
the Levite, who was called Jonathan, with his sons, became 
their priests. 

Ch. XIX.-XXI.} — 100. Give a history of the Levite of Ephraim, who 
caused a war among the tribes. 

A Levite's concubine^ prove,d unfaithful to him, and re- 
turned to her father. The Levite went after her, and, in 
bringing her back, lodged at Gibeah — kindly entertained 
there by an old man of Ephraim. The men of the city beset 
the house ; the Levite's wife was abused by them, and died. 
In the morning the Levite divided her body into twelve 
parts, and sent one part to each tribe. This was usually 
done with, pieces of a bullock that had been sacrificed, or 
devoted with peculiar solemnities ; and that the Levite thus 
used the dead body of the victim of this outrage, was calcu- 
lated to deepen the horror at the crime, and strengthen the 
oblio-ation to aveno;e it. Saul resorted to it, in order to call 
the people to the relief of Jabesh-gilead : " He took a yoke 
of oxen and hewed them in pieces, saying, Whosoever cometh 
not forth after Saul and after Samuel, so shall it be done to 
his oxen." 1 Sam. xi. 7. This roused the indignation of the 
people, and no less than four hundred thousand of the strong- 
est and bravest men of all their tribes, proceeded to Mizpeh, 
headed by their tribal chiefs. Here the Levite appeared, 
related his wrongs, and referred the matter to their decision. 



* The word denotes the condition of a secondary wife, such as Hagar, and the 
two handmaids of Leah and Rachel, to whom several of the tribes traced their 
origin. She was as much entitled to sustenance and raiment as the other wives; 
and her position was in no respect deemed discreditable. 



134 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1311. 

101. How did the united tribes proceed to avenge the wrong? 

Their first stej) was to appoint ten men out of every hun- 
dred, among all the tribes, to keep the camp supplied with 
victuals. The second, to appoint a committee to send to the 
tribe of Benjamin, and require them to deliver up, for judicial 
execution, the men in Gibeali who had wrought this guilt in 
Israel. The Benjamites refused, and, gathering twenty-six 
thousand men, resolved to take up arms in defence of Gibeah. 
The united forces of the Israelites were highly exasperated, 
and pledged themselves, by a solemn vow, that none of them 
would give their daughters in marriage to any man of that 
tribe. At their first encounter, twenty-two thousand of the 
host of Israel — not far from equal to the whole army of Ben- 
jamin — were left dead upon the field. The second time they 
lost no less than eighteen thousand. Then it is first stated, 
they all .went up to the house of God, where they fasted and 
wept until evening, and offered burnt-offerings and peace- 
offerings. Then the high-priest, Phinehas, stood before the 
ark, and asked counsel of God in their name. Shall I once 
more go to battle against the children of Benjamin my 
brother, or shall I cease ? The answer was then given freely 
and fully. Go up, for to-morrow I will deliver them into 
thine hand. They did so, and burnt Gibeah, and subdued 
Benjamin ; so that the whole tribe was then reduced to about 
six hundred desperate fugitives, who went and fortified them- 
selves upon a barren rock. 

102. "What were the feelings of the Israelites toward this remnant? 
God inspired them with pity. They repented them for 

Benjamin their brother, and said, There is one tribe cut off 
from Israel this day. How shall we do for wives for them 
that remain, seeing we have sworn by the Lord we wdll not 
give them our daughters? An anathema had been laid upon 
all who should not join the crusade against Benjamin, and it 
being found that the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead had 
absented themselves, the men must all be destroyed, in order 



A.M. 2694. RUTH. 135 

tliat all tlie "nnmarried females among tliem miglit be obtained 
for the Benjamifes. After that, two hundred more were 
still wanting, and those unprovided for were instructed to lie 
in wait in Shiloh, at the time of one of the great festivals, and 
when the damsels went forth into the gardens, to carry off 
the required number of brides for themselves from among 
the damsels of Shiloh. 



RUTH. 

B.C. 1332-1311 A.M. 2683-2694. 



What are the leading subjects of this book ? 

It is the history of a private family, which lived in the 
days of one of the judges, and belongs to the book of Judges ; 
but, as it makes no part of the general history, is set here by 
itself. Elimelech and his wife, Naomi, were Israelites, who 
had two sons, named Mahlon and Chilion. In time of a 
grievous famine, after they had spent their inheritance, they 
all wandered for sustenance into the country of Moab, where 
the two sons married wives, and died. Some time after, 
l^aomi and her two daughters-in-law, Orpah and Ruth, set 
off for the land of Israel. On the road, Naomi strongly 
advised her daughters to go back to Moab, Orpah did so, 
but Ruth cleaved to Naomi^and to her God. They both came 
to Bethlehem, where they maintained themselves by gleaning 
in the fields of Boaz, a rich and pious man, who treated them 
kindly, and afterwards married Ruth. She bore to him 
Obed, the grandfather of David, from whom Christ descended. 

General opinion assigns the authorship of the book to 
Samuel. 



136 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1141. 



1st SAMUEL. 

B.C. 1140-1056 A.M. Q865-S949. 



1. What are the subjects contained in this book, and the order in 
which they are related ? 

"We have an account of the last two of the judges, Eli and 
Samuel, and also of Saul, the first of the kings. Eli, the high- 
priest, governed Israel forty years. The account is short, and 
ends chap. iv. The profligacy of his sons brought sudden 
destruction on them and on their family. After Eli, Samuel 
governed Israel for a time. He was a pious priest, an illus- 
trious prophet, a zealous reformer, a great deliverer, and a 
mild judge ; yet, because of his sous, the people presumed to 
reject God, and desired to have a king, like other nations. 
Saul was given them, who proved a curse and not a blessing. 
The kingdom was taken from him and given to David, a man 
after God's own heart. Chap. xvi. From this to the end of * 
the book, are recorded the illustrious acts of David, and the 
distressing persecutions which he endured at the hands of 
Saul. 

The book contains the history of eighty-four years. 

2. Who wrote the book ? 

On this subject there is a diversity of opinion. Some have 
supposed it to be written partly by Samuel, and the remain- 
der by Kathan and Gad; others by Jeremiah. It was 
doubtless compiled from various authentic records, made by 
persons cotemporary with the transactions recorded ; and 
many suppose it was compiled at a much later date than the 
time of those persons mentioned in it. 



A, M. 2864.] ELI AND SAMUEL. 137 



CHAPTEE I. 

ELI Al^D SAMUEL. 

Ch. I. [ — 3. From what family did Samuel descend? 
From Elkanali, a Levite, and of the family of Kohathites. 
His mother's name was Hannah. 

4. Give some circumstances of his birth and early training. 
Hannah went into the Tabernacle, and wept and prayed 

and vowed to the Lord, that if he would look on her affliction, 
and grant her a man-child, she would devote him to the 
Lord all the days of his life. The Lord remembered her 
and granted her request. She called the name of her son, 
Samuel, which signifies. Asked or Heard of the Lord. When 
she had weaned him, she brought him up to the house of 
God, and said to Eli the high -priest, For this child I prayed, 
and the Lord hath given me my petition ; therefore as long 
as he liveth he shall be lent to the Lord. Then in a song of 
(chap, ii.) thanksgiving, she expressed her triumph in God, in 
his glorious perfections, and the great things he had done for 
her. And the child ministered unto the Lord before Eli the 
priest. 

5. What further care did his mother manifest for him? 

She made him a little coat and brought it to him year by 
year, when she and her husband came up to the yearly 
sacrifice. 

6. What was the character of Eli's sons ? 

Tliey were very wicked ; sons of Belial, and knew not the 
Lord. 

Ch, III. f — 7. Give some account of the Lord's calling Samuel. 
He called liim three times. Samuel thought that Eli 
called him, and arose each time and went to Eli, and said, 



138 BIBLE HISTORY. [b:o. 1120. 

Here am I, for thou didst call me. The third time, Eli per- 
ceived that the Lord had called the child, and instructed him 
the next time to answer thus, Speak, Lord, for thy servant 
heareth. Then the Lord came again and revealed to Samuel 
the destruction he would bring upon the house of Eli. When 
Samuel repeated to Eli the words of the Lord, Eli said, It is 
the Lord ; let him do what seemeth him good. 

8. What is said of Samuel after this ? 

The Lord was with him. And all Israel knew that he was 
established to be a prophet of the Lord. 

Oh. IV.} — 9. For what purpose did Israel send for the ark out of 
Shiloh ? 

That it might save them from their enemies ; for the Phi- 
listines had smitten four thousand of them. 

10. What is said of Israel when the ark was brought into their camp? 
All Israel shouted with a great shout, so that all the earth 

rang again. 

11. When the Philistines heard this, how were they affected? 

They were afraid, and said. Woe unto us ! Who shall de- 
liver us out of the hands of these mighty gods ? These are 
the gods that smote the Egyptians with all the plagues in 
the wilderness. Still they encouraged each other, and said, 
Be strong ; quit yourselves like men, and fight. 

12. What was the result of the battle ? 

The Philistines were successful. They slew thirty thou- 
sand of the Israelites, took the ark of God, and slew the two 
sons of Eli, — Hophni and Phinehas. 

13. What effect had the tidings of these things on Eli ? 

He heard that Israel was defeated, and that his two sons 
were slain ; but when mention was made of the ark's being 
taken, he fell backward, his neck brake, and he died. 

14. How old was Eli, and how long had he judged Israel ? 

. Ninety-eight, and he had judged Israel forty years. 



A.M. 2885] SAMUEL. 139 

15. Who also died at the same time ? 

The wife of Phinehas ; and she directed that her child 
should be called Ichabod, saying, The glory is departed from 
Israel, for the ark of God is taken. 

16. What lesson did God teacli the Israelites in permitting the ark to 
be taken ? 

That not the ark, but the favor of God only could insure 
success. Thus the Lord rebuked their vain confidence, and 
the dishonor they had brought upon his name before the 
Philistines, by the sanction their proceedings had given to 
the pagan delusion, tliat the presence of God was inseparably 
connected with aught made with hands. The ark was be- 
coming an idol; and therefore the ark was suffered to be 
made captive by the unbelievers. 

Ch. Y. \ — 17. Where did the Philistines place the ark ? 

In the Temple of Dagon, at Ashdod. 

18. How were they punished ? 

Dagon fell before the ark, and was broken in pieces ; and all 
the men of the city were smitten with a plague. So were they 
at Gath and Ekron, when the ark was brought to those places. 

Cn. VI.} — 19. How long did the ark remain in the possession of the 
Philistines ? 

Seven months ; then it was taken to Beth-Shemesh. 

20. How were the Beth-Shemites punished for looking into it ? 

Fifty thousand and seventy men were smitten. Some in- 
terpreters say, " Seventy out of fifty thousand were smitten." 

On. VII.} — 21. To what place was the ark next removed? 

To Kirjath-jearim, and it remained there twenty years. 

22. What was the substance of Samuel's address to the Israelites? 

That they should separate themselves from their idols, and 
engage themselves to God and his service. Put away your 
strange gods, and serve the Lord only, and he wull deliver 
you out of the hands of the Philistines. 



140 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 1095. 

23. Give an account of the next assault of the Philistines, and how 
they were repulsed. 

Tlie lords of the Philistines went up against Israel at Miz- 
peh. The people were afraid, and went to Samuel, who 
offered an offering, and cried to the Lord. The Lord thun- 
dered w^ith a great thunder upon the Philistines, and discom- 
fited them, and they were smitten before Israel. 

24. How was this victory commeraorated ? 

Samuel set up a stone which he called Eben-ezer {def.^ the 
Stone of Help), saying. Hitherto hath the Lord helped us.^ 

25. What is said further of the Philistines? 

They came no more into the coast of Israel, and the hand 
of the Lord was against them all the days of Samuel ; and all 
the cities that the Philistines had taken were restored. 

26. Where did Samuel reside ? 

His house was at Ramah ; but he went from year to year 
in circuit to Bethel, Gilgal, and Mizpeh ; and he judged 
Israel in all those places. 



CHAPTER II. 

THE REIGN OF SAUL. 

Ch. YIII.} — 27. Whom did Samuel make judges, and what was their 
character ? 

His sons ; but they walked not in his ways. They turned 
aside after lucre, and took bribes, and perverted judgment. 

28. What important subject did the elders bring before Samuel, and 
the decision? 

1 The place where this was set up was the same where, twenty yeai\s before, 
they were smitten before the Phihstines. God now showed that, as he then chas- 
tised their presumptuous confidence in the presence of the ark on the shoulders of 
two profane priests, he now graciously accepted their humble dependence on the 
prayer of faith offered by a pious prophet. 



A. M. 2910.] THE REIGN OF SAUL. 141 

They asked for a king. This request displeased Samuel ; 
but he went to the Lord, who directed him to comply, after 
haying first stated to them the manner in which a king 
w^ould rule them. They still persisted, and a king was given 
them. 

Ch. IX.}— 29. Who was made king? 
Saul, of the tribe of Benjamin. 

30. What were his personal qualifications ? 

He was a choice young man and a goodly. There was 
not a goodlier person among the children of Israel. He was 
higher than any of the people. 

31. Give an account of his meeting with Samuel. 

Saul, with a servant, was sent out over the country to seek 
the asses of his father. When they could not find them, 
they went to Samuel, whom they called the Seer, to inquire 
of liim whither the asses had gone. God had revealed to 
Samuel who should come to him, and he entertained Saul 
with great respect. He told him the asses were found, and 
that the desire of all Israel was to him and his father's house. 
He took him, with the servant, into the parlor, and made 
them sit in the chief place. And at the feast which he had 
made, he gave to Saul the shoulder, which was the royal 
portion, and which Samuel told him he had set by for his 
coming. 

Ch. X.} — 32. What took place in the morning? 

Samuel took a vial of oil and poured it upon Saul's head, 
and kissed him, and said. Is it not because the Lord hath 
anointed thee to be captain over his inheritance? Samuel 
then told him that on his way he should meet a company of 
prophets, and that the Spirit of the Lord should come upon 
him, and he should prophesy among them. It happened as 
Samuel had said. And when all that before knew him saw 
that he prophesied among the prophets, they said, What is 
this that has come to the son of Kish ? Is Saul also among 



142 BIBLE HISTOKY. [b. c. 1093. 

the prophets ? And it became a proverb, Is Saul also among 
the prophets ? 

33. Where were the people requked to assemble, and for what purpose ? 
At Mizpeh, to choose a king. 

34. How was he chosen ? 

By lot. When Samuel caused the tribes to come near, then 
the tribe of Benjamin was taken; then the family of Matri, 
and Saul the son of Kish, was taken. Saul had hidden liim- 
self, but he was brought out, and when' he stood among the 
people, Samuel said. See ye him whom the Lord hath chosen, 
that there is none like him among all the people. 

35. What was the response ? 

All Israel shouted and said, God save the king. 

36. State the events that followed. 

Samuel told the people the manner of the kingdom, and 
wrote it in a book, and laid it up before the Lord. Saul re- 
turned to Gibeah, and there went with him a band of men 
whose hearts God had touched. But the children of Belial 
despised him. 

Oh. XL \ — 37. What nation made war with Israel soon after Saul was 
chosen king ? 

The Ammonites ; descendants of Lot. 

38. What request did the children of Israel make of IlTahath? 

That he would make a covenant with them ; and he agreed 
to do so, on condition that he might thrust out all their right 
eyes. 

39. What was their next request? 

That he would give them seven days respite, so that they 
might send to all the coasts of Israel, and if no one came to 
aid them, they would come out to him. 

40. What was the effect of these tidiogs on the men of Gibeah, and on 
Saul? 

The people wept ; but Saul's indignation was raised. He 



A. M. 2912.] THE REIGN OF SAUL. 14:3 

collected an army of three hundred thousand, went against 
the Ammonites, and destroyed them. 

41. What effect had this victory on the Israelites? 

They proposed putting to death those among them who 
had spoken against Saul's reigning. Saul forbade this, say- 
ing, There shall not a man be put to death this day ; for to- 
day the Lord hath wrought salvation in Israel. 

42. For what purpose did the people assemble at Gilgal ? <^ 
To rejoice together. They rendered thanks unto God, and 

offered sacrifices ; and by their own act, made Saul king. 

Cn, XII. [ — 43. Give some account of Samuel's farewell address. 

He reminded them how he had walked before them from 
his childhood, and he called them to witness that he had not 
defrauded nor oppressed them, nor received any bribe. He 
recalled the dealings of God with them from the time their 
fathers were in Egypt, and thus showed their ingratitude and 
rebellion in choosing another government than that which 
God liad appointed for them. He charged them to fear and 
obey God, and warned them against disobedience. 

44. By what sign did Samuel convince the people of their ingrat- 
itude? 

It was the time of harvest ; and he called for thunder and 
rain, which the Lord sent that day.^ And all the people said 
to Samuel, Pray for thy servants unto the Lord thy God, that 
we die not ; for we have added unto all our sins this evil, to 
ask us a king. Samuel exhorted them to trust in the Lord, 
and serve him in truth. He said, God forbid that I sho'uld 
sin against the Lord in ceasing to pray for you, but I will 
teach 3^ou the good and the right way. 

Cir. XIII.} — 45. How many did Saul choose as a select band? 

1 It is altogether an unusual thing for rain to fall in Palestine during the summer. 
The former and latter rains occur during the winter season. In summer the whole 
country is dry and parched like a desert, except where trees and vines stiil continue 
to flourish, and particular spots are watered by artificial means. Hence thunder 
and rain in the time of wheat harvest was regarded as a miracle. 



144: BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 1079. 

Three thousand. Of these, two thousand were w^ith Saul, 
one thousand were with Jonathan, and the remainder of the 
people he dismissed. 

46. What did Saul then do ? 

He summoned the people to Gilgal. Then the Philistines 
gathered an exceeding great army that distressed the people 
of Israel, so that many left Saul, and all that remained fol- 
lowed him trembling. 

47. Of what sin was Saul guilty ? 

Of presumptuously intruding himself into the priest's oflSce 
by offering sacrifices, instead of waiting the seven days that 
Samuel had appointed. This sin was aggravated, first, because 
he did not send to know Samuel's mind ; second, because he 
rather boasted of it to Samuel, pleased to let him know he 
could do well without him ; third, because he charged Samuel 
with a breach of promise, in not coming before ; and, when 
charged with disobedience, showed no sign of repentance. 

48. Give Samuel's reproof. 

He said to Saul, Thou hast done foolishly : thou hast not 
kept the commandment of the Lord thy God, which he com- 
manded thee ; for now would the Lord have established thy 
kingdom upon Israel forever. But now thy kingdom shall 
not continue. The Lord hath sought him a man after his 
own heart, and commanded him to be captain over his people, 
because thou hast not kept that which the Lord commanded 
thee. 

49. What advantage had the Philistines over the Israelites in battle ? 
Their policy had been to allow no smith in Israel, though 

there were rich mines of metal in the land of Canaan. Deiit. 
viii. 9. So the Israelites had only slings and clubs. None 
but Saul and Jonathan had a sword or spear. 

Ch. XIV.} — 50. Who smote the garrison of the Philistines? 
Jonathan and his armor-bearer entered and slew twenty 
men. The rest were seized with terror, there was a great 



A. M. 2926.] THE REIGN OF SAUL. 145 

trembling in the host, the earth quaked, and the Philistines 
slew one another. 

51. "What part did Saul take in this engagement? 

He numbered the people and found only Jonathan and his 
armor-bearer absent. He then sent for the Ark to inquire of 
the Lord ; but hearing the noise increasing in the host of the 
Philistines, he went to the battle without waiting for an 
answer. A multitude that had hidden themselves for fear of 
the Philistines, went out also. 

52. What restriction had Saul laid on the people ? 

He had forbidden them, under penalty of a curse, to eat 
any food until evening. 

63. What were the evils that grew out of this? 

The people were obliged to follow the Philistines, faint 
and hungry, until evening, when, the restraint being taken 
off, they flew upon the spoil, killed the sheep and oxen, and 
ate them with the blood, which was a sin against the Lord. 
Also, Jonathan, not knowing the command of his father, ate 
of honey which he found, and thus fell under the curse. 
When this was known to Saul, he pronounced the sentence 
of death upon his son ; but the people in indignation rescued 
him. They said. Shall Jonathan die, who hath wrought this 
great salvation in Israel ? God forbid : as the Lord liveth, 
there shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground. 

Ch. XV.} — 54. Against what people did the Lord send Saul ? 

Against the Amalekites, with a large army. 

55. Whom among the Amalekites did Saul advise to depart ? 

The Kenites, the descendants of Jethro, Moses' father-in- 
law. (Reason.) They had shown kindness to the children of 
Israel, when they came out of Egypt. 

56. Did Saul destroy the Amalekites ? 

He did, except Agag the king, and also he reserved the 
best of the spoil. 

57. What message from the Lord did Samuel then bring Saul? 

7 



146 BIBLE HISTOEY. [b. c. 1063. 

That as lie had rejected the word of the Lord in saving 
Agag and the best of the spoil, so the Lord had rejected him 
from being king over Israel. 

58. Did Saul humble himself? 

He did in some measure, bnt the sentence was not changed. 
Samuel said, The Strength of Israel will not lie nor repent. 

59. What was Agag's fate ? 

Samuel hewed him in pieces before the Lord. 



CHAPTEE III 



Ch. XYI.} — 60. For what purpose did God send Samuel to Bethel? 
To anoint one of the sons of Jesse to be king. 

61. Give an account of his doing this. 

Jesse caused seven of his sons to pass before Samuel, that 
one might be chosen-. When Samuel looked on Eliab, the 
eldest, he said, Surely the Lord's anointed is before me. But 
the Lord said, Look not on his countenance, nor on the height 
of his stature. The Lord seeth not as man seeth ; for man 
looketh on the outward appearance, but the Lord looketh on 
the heart. Six others then passed before him, but the Lord 
chose none of these. The youngest was then called, who was 
in the field keeping the sheep. He was ruddy, and of a 
beautiful countenance. Then the Lord said to Samuel, Arise, 
anoint him ; for this is he. And Samuel anointed him in the 
midst of his brethren ; and the Spirit of the Lord came upon 
David from that day forward. 

62. For what purpose did Saul send for David? 

To play before him on the harp, and quiet an evil spirit 
which troubled him : for the Spirit of the Lord had departed 
fcom Saul. David also became his armor-bearer. 



^ 



A. M. 2942.] DAVID'S ADVANCEMENT. 147 

Ch. XYII.} — 63. Who came to war against the Israelites? 
The Philistines. 

64. Who challenged, dismayed, and defied the armies of Israel ? 
Goliath of Gath. For forty days he presented himself to 

them, morning and evening. He was armed with a coat of 
mail, the staff of his spear was like a weaver's beam, and one 
bearing a shield went before him. On the most moderate 
computation, he was above ten feet high ; his coat of mail 
weighed above 200 lbs. Troy weight ; the weight of his spear's 
head, abont 18 lbs. ; and the whole armor is computed to 
have weighed about 272 lbs. 

65. What was the object of David's visit to the camp of the Israelites ? 
To see how his brethren fared. 

66. When he saw the Philistine come out and defy the armies of the 
living God, what was his proposition ? 

To go out and fight with him. 

67. Did Saul wish David to do this ? 

He w^as afraid David w^ould not be able. But when David 
said. The Lord that delivered me out of the paw of the lion, 
and out of the paw of the bear, w411 deliver me out of the 
hand of this Philistine, Saul replied, Go, and the Lord be 
with thee. 

68. With what weapons did David go out against the Philistine ? 
With his staff, his sling, and stones from the brook. 

69. What was the language of Gohath when he saw David? 

Am I a dog, that thou comest to me with staves? He 
cursed David by his gods, and said. Come to me, and I will 
give thy flesh to the fowls of the air, and to the beasts of the 
field. 

70. What was David's answer ? 

Thou comest to me with a sword and a spear, and with a 
shield : but I come to thee in the name of the Lord of hosts, 
the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast defied. This 



148 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1062. 

day will tlie Lord deliver tliee into my hand, and all this as- 
sembly shall know that the Lord saveth not with sword and 
spear, for the battle is the Lord's, and he will give yon into 
our hands. 

71. Give some account of the engagement. 

The Philistine drew near, and David ran toward him, and 
put a stone in his sling, and threw it, and it sank into the 
forehead of the Philistine, and he fell on the earth. Then 
David ran to him, stood upon him, and took his sword and 
cut off his head. The Israelites then pursued after the Phi- 
listines, and spoiled them. 

Oh, XVIII. [ — 72. What attachment is here taken notice of? 

That between David and Jonathan. While David talked 
with Saul, the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of 
David. They made a covenant together, and Jonathan gave 
David his r©be. 

73. To what office did Saul appoint David ? 
He set him over the men of war. 

74. How was he regarded among the people ? 

He was accepted in the sight of all the people, and of 
Saul's servants. When he returned from the slaughter of 
the Philistines, the women answered one another as they 
played, and said, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David 
his ten thousands. 

75. What was the effect of David's increasing popularity on Saul? 
He was angry; his envy was roused, and he said. They 

have ascribed to David his ten thousands, and to me but 
thousands. What can David have more, but the kingdom ? 
And he attempted to kill David. 

76. Whom did Saul promise David as a wife? 

His eldest daughter, Merab. But when the time came, 
she was given to another ; and he then offered David his 
sepond daughter, Michal, that she might be a snare to him. 



A. M. 2943.] DAVID'S PERSECUTION. 149 

V7. What was David's reply, when Michal was offered him ? 
Seemeth it a light matter to be the king's son-in-law, seeing 
I am a poor man, and lightly esteemed ? 

78. What was the only service that Saul required of David, in order to 
obtain his daughter ? ^ 

That he should slay a hundred of the Philistines. But 
Saul thought David would fall by them. 

79. What was the result? 

David slew two hundred, and thus obtained the king's 
daughter, and became greatly esteemed among the people. 
But Saul hated him, and ordered Jonathan and his servants 
to slay him. Ps. xi. 

Ch. XIX.} — 80. How was Saul conciliated? 

By Jonathan's plea in behalf of David. He said, Let not 
the king sin against his servant, whose works have been good. 
He slew the Philistine, and wrought a great salvation for all 
Israel, and thou didst rejoice in it. And Saul hearkened 
unto Jonathan, and sware that David should not be slain. 

81. What made Saul again jealous of David? 

His success in war with the Philistines, and Saul again at- 
tempted to kill him. 

82. How was David saved this time ? 

By Michal's stratagem. She let him down from a window, 
and deceived her father by placing an image in his bed, and 
saying to the messengers. He is sick. 

83. What Psalm is supposed to have been penned by David on this 
occasion ? 

The fifty-ninth, which shows that, in his fright and hurry, 
his mind was composed, and that in his great danger, his faith 
was fixed on God. " Because of his strength will I wait upon 
thee : for God is my defence." 

1 In the East, the husband is expected in some way to purchase his bride, by a 
payment to her father. Thus Jacob served for Eachel, and Othniel took Kirjath- 
sepher for the daughter of Caleb. 



160 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1062. 

84. Where did David flee ? 

To Samuel, in Eamah. Samuel went with liim to [N'aiotli, 
and they dwelt there. 

85. Why did David flee to Samuel? 

Because Samuel had given him assurance of the crown, in 
which his faith perhaps began to fail ; and because Samuel, 
as a prophet, was best able to advise him what to do ; and 
also with Samuel there was a college of prophets, with whom 
he might unite in praising God. 

86. Did Saul pursue him further? 

He did : he sent messengers three times ; but when they 
came to Naioth, and saw the prophets prophesying, and 
Samuel standing among them, the Spirit of God came upon 
the messengers, and they also prophesied. At the last, Saul 
went himself; but the spirit of prophecy came upon him as 
upon his servants, and he stripped off his garments, and lay 
all that day and all that night ; so that it was said again, Is 
Saul also among the prophets ? 



CHAPTER lY. 

DAVID STILL PERSECUTED BY SAFL. 

Ch. XX.} — 87. Who was David's counselor? 

Jonathan. They renewed their covenant of friendship — 
that David should not only show kindness to Jonathan, but 
to all his house forever ; and confirmed it by an oath. 

88. How was David again saved from Saul? 

Jonathan laid a plan for his escape, and they agreed on 
the token of the arrows, by which David should know of the 
intentions of Saul. 



I 



A.M. 2943.] DAVID STILL PERSECUTED. 151 

89. How did Jonathan's befriending David, operate against himself? 

Saul was displeased with Jonathan, and attempted to kill 
him. Jonathan then showed David that his own life was in 
danger, and they affectionately took leave of each otlier.^ 

Ch. XXL}— 90. What happened to David at Nob ? 

He went to Ahimelech, the priest, of whom he obtained 
hallowed bread, and the sword of Goliath. There Do'eg, an 
Edomite, one of Saul's servant-s, overheard David ask for the 
bread, and afterward informed Saul. 

91. What happened to him at Gath? 

The servants of Achish recognized him, and said, Is not 
this he of whom they sung, Saul hath slain his thousands, and 
David his ten thousands ? David then was afraid, and feigned 
himself mad, and fled to Adullam. Ps. Ivi., xxxiv., cxlii. 

Ch. XXII.}— 92. Who resorted to him there? 

His brethren and all his father's house came to him ; also 
every one that was in distress, and every one that was in 
debt, and that was discontented, resorted to him, and he be- 
came their captain. 

93. Where do we next hear of him? 

In Mizpeh of Moab. There he said to the king, Let my 
father and mother come and be with you, till I know what 
God will do for me. And the king granted his request.^ 

94. Who warned David to go back to the land of Judah ? 
The prophet Gad. 

95. What complaint did Saul make to his servants? 

That they were unfaithful to him. ISTone of them informed 
him of the league of his son with David. This moved Doeg, 
who then related what he had seen with Ahimelech ; and 
Ahimelech, with the other priests, was sent for. 

1 Jonathan gained the signal victory over the Philistines eight years before the 
birth of David, which shows the great disparity of years between these two friends. 

s David had a claim upon the Moabites, being the great-grandson of Boaz, by 
Ruth, the Moabitess. 



152 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. lOGO. 

96. What was the fate of these priests? 

He commanded the soldiers to slay them, but the soldiers 
refused. He then commanded Doeg, who slew eighty-five 
of them, and all who were in ^Nob, the city of priests, with 
the women and children. Only Abiathar escaped. Ps. xvii., 
XXXV., lii., Ixiv., cix., cxl. 

97. What became of him ? 

He fled to David. David blamed himself for the destruc- 
tion, and assured the priest of his protection. Abide thou 
with me, fear not ; for he that seeketh my life seeketh thy 
life ; but with me thou shalt be in safeguard. 

Ch. XXIII.} — 98. What were the occurrences at Keilah? 

Tlie Philistines came up against Keilah ; and after David 
had inquired of the Lord, he went with his army and fought 
with the Philistines, and rescued the inhabitants of the city. 
When Saul heard David was there, he proposed to go and 
take him. The Lord then informed David that the inhabit- 
ants of Keilah were treacherous, and would deliver him up 
to Saul ; and he escaped out of the city, into the wilderness 
of Ziph. 

99. Who came to see David while in Ziph ? 

Jonathan, who strengthened him in God ; told him to fear 
not, for he would yet be king over Israel. And they made a 
covenant before the Lord. This w^as the last time these two 
faithful friends met. 

100. What other occurrences took place in the wilderness of Ziph ? 

The Ziphites, who were of David's own tribe, proved 
treacherous, and went and told Saul. Saul blessed them for 
"befriending him and went after David. Saul and his men 
had compassed David about to take him, and w^ould probably 
have succeeded, had not Saul's attention been diverted by a 
messenger w^ho came bidding Saul to make haste away, for 
the Philistines had invaded the land. On this occasion David 



A. M. 2945.] DAVID STILL PERSECUTED. 153 

wrote the Fifty-fourth Psalm, in which he calls the Ziphites 
" strangers," though Israelites. He then went and dwelt in 
En-gedi. 

Oh. XXIV.} — 101. What occurred when Saul renewed the pursuit? 

He sought David with three thousand men upon the rocks 
of En-gedi. There he went into a cave to rest, where David 
and his men were. Then David arose and cut off the, skirt of 
Saul's robe privily ; and to prove his innocence of any wrong 
design, when Saul went out of the cave, David went out 
after him, and showed him how he had been in his hand, and 
that while some advised to kill him, he had spared his life. 
Saul then owned his fault, and said. Thou art more righteous 
than I. And he made David swear, that when he came to be 
king he would not destroy his house. Ps. Ivii., Iviii., Ixiii. 

Ch. XXV.}— 102. Whose death is mentioned here? 

Samuel died ; and all Israel lamented him. 

103. Give some account of Samuel. 

It is not certainly known how long he lived, nor what was 
the length of his administration. Josephus mentions that he 
was twelve years of age when he received his first oracle. 
His character is one of uncommon dignity and patriotism. 
He was deeply concerned for his country's welfare ; and to 
preserve the worship of the God of Israel, to guard the liberties 
and rights of the people, were the grand motives of his life. 
He was loth to change the form of government, yet he did do 
it with consummate policy. The power of Samuel with God 
as an intercessor, is compared with that of Moses. Jer. xv. 1 ; 
Ps. xcix. 6. He was the first of a series of prophets^ that 
continued in an unbroken line till the close of the Old Testa- 



1 Samuel is called the first of the prophets, not because no prophets preceded him. 
hut with a reference to the Scriptures written by prophets. In the Jewish division, 
the law includes the pentateucli. The prophets include such historical books as 
were written by men having tlie gift of prophecy, as well as those which are of a 
prophetical character. The Psalms include not only the book of Psalms, but vari- 



154 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 1056. 

ment canon. It is in the days of Samuel that mention is first 
made of schools of the prophets ; and it is natm-al to suppose 
that he was to some extent their originator. These schools 
were famous for the cultivation of poetry and music, and 
from among their members, God might select his special ser- 
vants. Samuel was held in the highest respect by all the 
Jewish nation in after ages.^ 



CHAPTEE Y. 



Ch. XXV. f — 104. Give some account of Nabal and Abigail. 

Nabal, of the family of Caleb, was a man who held great 
possessions in Garmel. His name signifies Stupid or Foolish, 
and he was churlish and evil in his doings. But Abigail, his 
wife, was a woman of good nnderstanding and of a beautiful 
countenance. While David w^as in the wilderness of Paran, 
his army was in great want of provisions. He therefore sent 
to ]^abal, blessing him ; and intimating to him the services his 
soldiers had rendered to I^fabal's sheep-shearers while with 
them, he asked of him in return, the provisions he needed. 
But I^abal returned a contemptuous answer, which greatly 
incensed David ; and he took four hundred men and started 
at once to go and avenge the insult. One of the servants 
told Abigail of the treatment that David's messengers had 
received from I^Tabal, saying. He is such a son of Belial that 
a man can not speak to him. Then Abigail made haste and 
prepared a generous present, with w^hich she went out to 

ous didactic and poetical books, such as Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, The Song of Solo- 
mon, &c. Hence, when it is said, " All the prophets from Samuel," &c. {Acts iii. 
24), the reference is not to the oflB.ce, but to the writings of these men. 

1 His fame was not confined to Israel. The remains of Samuel, according to 
Jerome, were, under the Emperor Arcadius, brought with great pomp to Thrace. 



A. M. 2949.] ' WITCH OF ENDOR. 155 

meet David. She pacified him by her words, so that David 
blessed God for her interposition, and courteously dismissed 
her. When l^abal heard of the danger to which he had been 
exposed, he was terrified and became like a stone. About 
ten days after, he died.^ When David heard that Nabal was 
dead, he sent and took Abigail to wife. 

105. What became of Michal ? 

Saul gave her to another, — to Phalti. 

Ch. XXVI. [ — 106. What incidents occurred when David was the 
second time in the wilderness of Ziph ? 

Saul went down after him with three thousand men. When 
David found where Saul had pitched, he went to the place, 
and by night he, with Abishai, came into the camp. As 
Abishai saw Saul with all his men sleeping around, he said 
to David, God hath delivered thine enemy into thine hand ; 
therefore let me smite him with his spear to the ground. 
David forbade him to touch the Lord's anointed, but took the 
spear and the cruse of water from beside him, and went out 
and stood on a hill a little distant, and cried unto Abner, and 
showed him what he had taken, and reproached him for 
neglecting to guard the king. And when Saul heard him, he 
said. Is this thy voice, my son David ? Then he confessed 
his sin in thus pursuing David, and said, Return, my son ; for 
I will no more do thee harm, because my soul was precious 
in thine eyes this day. Behold, I have played the fool and 
have erred exceedingly. He then blessed David, and re- 
turned home. 

Cn. XXyiI.[— 107. Where did David next go to escape Saul ? 

To Gath. He remained a year and four months in the 
country of the Philistines, and deceived Achish, making him 
believe he warred against Judah. 

Ch. XXVIII. f — 108. Under what circumstances did Saul find himself 
when he resorted to the Witch of Endor ? 

» Nabal, through covetousness, loaes all. 



156 BIBLE HISTORY. [b.c. 1056. 

He foand the power of David was increasing, and that mul- 
titudes of the Israelites were going over to him. The host of 
the Philistines had come out against him, and God did not 
answer him, neither by dreams, nor by Urim, nor by the 
prophets. Then in his trouble he inquired of his servants for 
a woman with a familiar spirit.^ 

109. What occurred between Saul and the woman? 

He disguised himself and went with two of his servants to 
the Witch of Endor (near Mount Tabor). She at first refused 
to listen to his proposal lest it should come to the knowledge 
of the king, who had ordered all that had familiar spirits to 
be cut off. But Saul sware to her. As the Lord liveth, there 
shall no punishment happen to thee for this. He then told 
her to bring up Samael to him ; and Samuel appeared, an 
old man, covered with a mantle. Then the woman knew 
Saul, but he said to her. Be not afraid. 

110. What about the intervieAV with Samuel? 

When Saul saw Samuel, he bowed himself to the ground ; 
and as Samuel asked of him. Why hast thou disquieted me? 
Saul told him how the Philistines distressed him, and that 
God had departed from him and answered him no more. 
Then said Samuel, Wherefore dost thou ask of me, seeing the 
Lord hath departed from thee and become thine enemy ? He 
then told Saul what the Lord w^ould bring upon him, that his 
kingdom was rent out of his hand and given to David, that 
Israel should be delivered into the hands of the Philistines, 
and that on the morrow he and his sons should die. Then 
Saul fell on the earth, and there was no more strength left in 
him. 

Oh. XXX. j- — 111. Give an account of the invasion of Ziklag. 
The Amalekites came up and burnt Ziklag, and carried oif 
captive all the wives and children of David's army, and the two 



1 Advancement is misery, where power is abused. " The prosperity of the wicked 
shall slay them." 



A. M. 2949.] DEATH OF SAUL. 157 

wives of David. "When David and his people found what had 
been done, they were greatly distressed, and the people threat- 
ened to stone David. But he encouraged himself in the 
Lord his God, and called Abiathar to bring the ephod, and 
he inquired of the Lord, Shall I pursue after this troop? shall 
I overtake them ? And the Lord said, Pursue, for thou shalt 
recover all. So David went with six hundred men ; but two 
hundred were faint and remained behind ; and he ptirsued 
after the Philistines with four hundred. On the way they 
found an Egyptian who was a servant to one of the Amalek- 
ites, and who had been left without food or drink for three 
days. They gave him bread and water and fruit, and when 
he was refreshed, he brought them down to the Amalekites. 
David surprised them as they were spread abroad upon the 
ground, — eating, drinking, and dancing,^ — and he smote them, 
and recovered every thing they had taken away, besides oth- 
er spoil. This spoil David directed to be equally divided 
among those who had gone to fight, and those who remained. 
And this method of division became an ordinance for Israel. 

Ch. XXXI,} — 112. Give an account of Saul's death. 

The Philistines fought with Israel, and the Israelites were 
defeated in Mount Gilboa. Three sons of Saul were slain, 
and Jonathan among them. Saul was wounded, and besought 
his armor-bearer to slay him, so that the Philistines might 
not : but he refused. So Saul himself took a sword and fell 
upon it.^ Then his armor-bearer did likewise, and died with 
him. The Philistines came and cut oflf Saul's head, which 
tliey fastened in the Temple of Dagon ; they sent the news of 
their victory throughout their land, and took the bodies of 
Saul and his sons and fastened them to the wall of Beth-shan. 
But the men of Jabesh-gilead came by night and took them 
down and burnt them, and buried their bones under a tree at 
Jabesh, and fasted seven days. 

> He who tried to kill David, is suffered to kill himself. 



158 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. a 1( 



2d SAMUEL. 

B.C. 1056-1015 A.M. 2949-2990. 



1. What is the subject of the book? 

This is the history of the reign of King David, and begins 
with the successful and honorable part of his character. It 
shows how he ascended the throne, subdued the house of 
Saul, and established himself in the kingdom. It proceeds 
to relate his brilliant victories, his zealous endeavors to pro- 
mote true religion, to enlarge the territories, and to increase 
the happiness and prosperity of his subjects. In chap. xi. the 
dark part of his character appears, and his grievous sins are 
recorded. Then follows a long catalogue of domestic and 
public troubles with which the Lord punished him for his 
iniquities. He is brought to repentance, and praiseth God. 

This book contains the history of forty or forty-one years. 

David was crowned king at Jerusalem about one thou- 
sand years before Christ's baptism ; and reigned over all the 
tribes as many years as our Lord lived on earth, — thirty-two 
years and six months. 

The history of David, in this book, is imperfect, but is com- 
pleted by what is recorded 1 Chron. xxii.-xxix. 



CHAPTEK I. 

DAVID ESTABLISHED IN THE KINGDOM. 

Oh. I. } — 2. With what account does this book open ? 
Another account of the death of Saul, brought to David by 
an Amalekite. That given in the last of 1 Samuel, by the 



A. M. 2949.] DAVID ESTABLISHED IN THE KINGDOM. 159 

sacred historian himself, is of course the true relation. The 
Amalekite, instead of being rewarded, as he expected, was 
reproached by David for shedding the blood of the Lord's 
anointed, and ordered to be put to death. 

3. Give David's lamentation for Saul and Jonathan. 

The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places : how 
are the mighty fallen ! Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in 
the streets of Askelon ; lest the daughters of the Philistines 
rejoice, lest the daughters of the un circumcised triumph. 
Ye mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew, neither let there 
be rain upon you, nor fields of offerings ; for there the shield 
of the mighty is vilely cast away, the shield of Saul, as though 
he had not been anointed with oil. Froni the blood of the 
slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned 
not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty. Saul 
and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in 
their death they were not divided. They were swifter than 
eagles, they were stronger than lions. Ye daughters of Israel, 
weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet, with other de- 
lights, who put ornaments of gold upon your apparel. How 
are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle ! O Jona- 
than, thou wast slain in thine high places. I am distressed 
for thee, my brother Jonathan. Very pleasant hast thou 
been to me : thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love 
of women. How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of 
war perished ! 

Ch. II. f — 4. Mention the leading incidents of the second chapter. 

David, by the Lord's direction, went up with his wives and 
all his army, and dwelt in Hebron, and was there anointed 
by the men of Judah, as king. When David heard that the 
men of Jabesh had buried Saul, he sent messengers to them, 
and blessed them for having shown this kindness to Saul : 
" And now the Lord show kindness and truth unto you ; and 
I also will requite you this kindness, because ye have done 
this thing." Abner, the captain of Saul's host, made Ish- 



160 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1048. 

boshetli, Saul's son, king over all Israel ; and he reigned two 
years. 

Oh. III. } — 5. Mention the incidents of the third chapter. 

There was a long war between the house of Saul and the 
house of David ; but David waxed stronger and stronger, 
and the house of Saul weaker and weaker. Abner was 
offended by Ish-bosheth, and went over to David, who re- 
ceived him on condition that he should restore to him his 
wife Michal, that had been given to another: and Abner 
brought her to David. Joab, David's chief captain, slew 
Abner because he had before slain Asahel his brother : for 
which David pronounced a curse on Joab and all his house. 
Probably the real motive that influenced Joab, was a fear 
that on account of David's favor to Abner, he might prove 
his own rival. 

Oh. ly. } — 6. Mention tlie incidents of the fourth chapter. 

Two of Saul's servants slew Ish-bosheth, and brought his 
head to David in Hebron. But David said, if he had slain 
the Amalekite who brought him news of Saul's death and 
hoped to have a reward for his tidings, much more should 
they be slain who had killed a righteous person in his own 
house. And David commanded his young men, and they 
slew them, and cut off their hands and their feet, and hanged 
them up over the pool in Hebron. But they took the head of 
Ish-bosheth and buried it in the sepulcher of Abner in Hebron. 

Ch. V. } — 7. What is said of the tribes of Israel after the death of Ish- 
bosheth ? 

They all came to David and besought him to take the 
government and rule over them as king. For a full account 
of the number who came to David, and the manner in which 
they were entertained, see 1 Chron. xii. 23-40. 

8. What place did David choose as his capital ? 
Jerusalem : in the time of Abraham called Salem after- 
wards, Jebus. It lay close upon the northern border of the 



A.M. 2957.] DAVID ESTABLISHED IN THE KINGDOM. 161 

tribe of Jiidah, but within the territories of Benjamin. It 
was scarcely central enough for all the tribes, but since it 
was to becom.e ere long the capital of a southern kingdom, it 
was no doubt the providence of God which directed the 
choice of a site suited to this final destination. 

9. Describe the taking of Jerusalem. 

The upper and fortified part was in the hands of the Jeb- 
usites ; in the lower, Israelites, chiefly of Benjamin, lived 
intermingled with the Jebusites. The upper part was the 
stronghold of Zion, which they considered impregnable ; and 
they said to David, Except thou take away the blind and the 
lame, thou shalt not come in hither. David then said to his 
men, Whosoever getteth up to the gutter and smiteth the 
Jebusites, and the lame and the blind, that are hated of Da- 
vid's soul, he shall be chief and captain. Joab went first up, 
took the fort, and was chief. 1 Chron. xi. 6. David built 
around it, and called it the city of David. 

10. Who are meant by the lame and the blind? 

There are two opinions in regard to this. One, that they 
set invalids or maimed soldiers to make their appearance on 
the walls, in scorn of David and his men, judging them an 
equal match for him. Others suppose they confided in their 
idols, whom David called, in contempt, the lame and the 
blind ; because they have eyes and see not, and feet and 
walk not. 

11. How long was this from the time Joshua first entered Canaan ? 
Probably about the space of four hundred years. All 

this time Jerusalem had remained in the hands of the 
Canaanites. 

12. "Who assisted David to build him a house in Jerusalem ? 
Hiram, king of Tyre, who sent to David cedar-trees, and 

carpenters and masons.^ 

» The Phoenicians excelled in the arts in which the Israelites were deficient. 
Their maritime territory, full uf cities, led tliem to commerce and manufactures. 



162 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1042. 

13. Give some account of David's first battles after being made king at 
Jerusalem. 

The Philistines came out against him, and, according as 
the Lord directed, he went up to them and smote them. 
Again they came, and when he inquired of the Lord, the 
Lord directed that he should not go up to them until he 
heard the sound of a going in the tops of the mulberry-trees. 
(A motion; probably a rushing, without wind.) Then he 
went up as the Lord commanded, and obtained a great vic- 
tory. 

14. How many sons had David ? 

Seventeen. Eleven born to him in Jerusalem, six in 
Hebron. Chapter iii. 2-5. 



CHAPTER II. 

THE AEK. TEMPLE. MEPHIB0*SHETH. EMBASSADOES. 

Ch. VI.} — 15. Give an account of the events connected with the re- 
moval of the ark. 

David gathered thirty thousand of the chosen men of 
Israel and brought up the ark from Kirjath-jearim, where it 

while the agricultural products of the Isi-aelites were important commodities in ex- 
change for the results of their own industry and skill. Tyre is said to have been 
founded two hundred and forty years before the building of Solomon's temple. 
Isaiah (xxiii. 7) speaks- of it as a city whose antiquity is of ancient days. In the 27th 
chapter of Ezekiel, every part of the world is represented as hastening to lay their 
most precious things at the feet of Tyre, which sat enthroned joer/ec^ in leauty and 
full of wisdom. It was also styled, in regard to its vast commerce, the merchant 
city. Whose merchants were princes, whose trafficlcers were the honorable of the earth. 
Is. xxiii. 8. The agricultural products of the Hebrews made their commercial inter- 
course in time a vital necessity to the Phoenicians, and always continued to do so. 
So late as the time of the Acts of the Apostles, we find the Phoenicians of Tyre 
taking the most earnest means of overcoming some resentment that Herod Agrippa 
had conceived against them ; and because their country was nourished by the king^s 
country. Acts xii. 20. 



A. M. 2963.] THE ARK. 163 

had remained ahoiit seventy years. Thej put it upon a new 
cart, and Ahio and Uzzali, sons of Abinadab, drove the oxen 
that brought it up. When the oxen shook the ark, TJzzah 
put forth his hand to steady it, and the Lord smote him, and 
he died there. This was because the divine ordinance, that 
the Levites were to bear the ark upon their shoulders, had 
been neglected. (See Numbers i. 50-54.) But the pi'iests 
were permitted to touch the ark. Then David was afraid, 
and would not remove it to Jerusalem, but left it in the 
house of Obed-Edom three months. Afterward David 
heard that the Lord had blessed the house of Obed-Edom on 
account of the ark ; so he went and brought it up to the city 
of David, he and all Israel, with shouting, and dancing, and 
instruments of music. David danced before the Lord, girded 
with a linen ephod, and he offered sacrifices and gave gifts 
to all the people. He also appointed Levites to minister be- 
fore the ark, and to thank and praise the Lord God of Israel. 
Asaph was the chief of these Levites. 1 Chron. xvi. 4, 5. 
Wlien Michal saw David dancing, she despised him in her 
heart ; and when he returned home to bless his house, she 
taunted him for degrading himself before the people. David 
reproved her, and she was punished in that she had no child 
unto the day of her death. Ps. Ixviii., cxxxii., cv., xcvi., 
cvi. ; Num. iv., xv. ; 1 Chron. xiii. 

16. What Psalm is supposed to have been composed for, and sung on 
the occasion of bringing the ark into the city of David ? 

The twenty-fourth. [Christian preachers and poets have 
delighted to apply this noble Psalm to our Lord's ascension ; 
and in this application there is certainly much force and 
beauty. The Psalmist addresses the gates of Zion, and com- 
mands them to open that the King of Glory may enter in. 
What the external gates would have done, had they been en- 
dued with reason, will in reality be performed by hearts 
which are capable of comprehending the majesty and glory 
of the approaching King. Here the doors and gates will in 



164 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. io40. 

reality open. They will give to the King that wide and 
ready entrance, which once they gave to the world and sin.] 

On. VII. }■ — IT. After David was established in his kingdom, what sub- 
ject occupied his thoughts ? 

That of bnilding a temple for the Lord. Surely I will not 
come into the tabernacle of my honse, nor go up into my 
bed ; I will not give sleep to mine eyes, or slumber to mine 
eyelids, until I find out a place for the Lord, a habitation for 
the mighty God of Jacob. Ps. cxxxii. 3-5. He said to 
ISTathan, the prophet, See now^, I dwell in a house of cedar, 
but the ark of God dwelleth within curtains. JSTathan en- 
couraged David to build ; but the Lord that night revealed 
to ITathan what he should say to David ; — that his intention 
was accepted, but that God had appointed his son after him 
to build the house, for he had been a man of war and had 
shed blood. 1 Chron. xxviii. 3. Yet he should make prep- 
arations for the building. The Lord also promised an eternal 
kingdom to his posterity, which referred doubtless, in the 
first instance, to the temporal kingdom, but also looked be- 
yond to the coming of Christ. The Jews have since then 
always believed the Messiah was to come in the line of 
David. 1 Chron. xvii. ; Ps. ii., xlv., xxii. 

18. Give a portion of the prayer of David, in which he expresses his 
gratitude. 

"Who am I, O Lord God, and what is my house, that thou 
hast brought me hitherto ? And this was but a small thing 
in thy sight, O Lord God; but thou hast spoken also of thy 
servant's house for a great while to come. And now, the 
word that thou hast spoken concerning thy servant and con- 
cerning his house, establish it forever and do as thou hast 
said. For thou, O Lord of hosts, God of Israel, hast revealed 
to thy servant, saying, I will build thee a house ; therefore 
hath thy servant found in his heart to pray this prayer unto 
thee. Therefore let it please thee to bless the house of thy 
servant, that it may. continue forever before thee ; for thou, 



A. M. 2965.] MEPHIBOSHETH. 165 

O Lord God, hast spoken it ; and with thy blessing let the 
house of thy servant be blessed forever. Ps. cxiv., ex. 

Cn. VIII.} — 19. What nations were subdued by David? 

The Philistines, and Moabites, and Syrians. He put gar- 
risons among the Edomites, and they all became David's ser- 
vants. (Thus Esau was made to serve his younger brother 
Jacob. Gen. xxvii. 40.) Ps. Ix., cviii. 

Ch. IX. f — 20. What opportunity did David find to fulfill his covenant 
with Jonathan, that he would show kindness to his seed when he should 
be king ? 

David inquired if there were any left of the house of Saul. 
A servant of Saul, named Ziba, was found, who told the king 
that Mephibosheth, a son of Jonathan remained, who was 
lame. Mephibosheth was then brought to David, and fell on 
his face before him and did him reverence. And David 
said to him. Fear not ; for I will surely show thee kindness 
for Jonathan thy father's sake, and will restore thee all the 
land of Saul thy father, and thou shalt eat bread at my table 
continually. David gave Ziba and his servants charge over 
all that pertained to Saul's house. So Mephibosheth dwelt 
in Jerusalem, and did eat continually at the king's table. 

21. How can we account for David's not noticing him before ? 
Mephibosheth was but five years of age at the time of his 

father's death, and six years before that, David had fled from 
the court of Saul. Wandering as he was in the wilderness, 
he would have little opportunity of hearing of his birth at 
the time, and afterward, it would not probably be noticed. 

22. Give some account of Mephibosheth. 

When intelligence came to Gibeah that the Philistines 
were victorious, and that Saul and Jonathan were slain, the 
nurse, supposing the Philistines close at hand, and that all 
belonging to Saul would be sought for and rooted out, hast- 
ened to flee with the young child, carrying him in her arms. 
In her haste, she either let him fall or stumbled and fell with 



166 BIBLE HISTOKY. [b. c. 1034. 

him, by which his feet were so injured that he remained lame 
for life. He was taken for safety beyond Jordan, and was 
brought up in the house of Machir, in Gilead. There he re- 
mained, probably in such obscurity as left few aware of his 
existence, grew up to manhood, married, and had a son. 

Oh. X. [ — 23. What about David's embassy to the King of the Am- 
monites ? 

IsTahash died, and on account of kindness he had formerly 
received, David sent embassadors to Hanun his son and suc- 
cessor, expressing condolence for the death of his father. At 
the instigation of the princes of Ammon, Hanun took the 
embassadors, cut off half of their garments, and half of their 
beards, and sent them away.^ When David heard this, he 
kindly sent them word to remain in Jericho until their beards 
should be grown. War between the Israelites and Ammon- 
ites was the result of this indignity. The Ammonites engaged 
the Syrians to assist them, and Joab and Abishai led on the 
Israelites who were victorious. Ps. xx., xxi. 



CHAPTEE III, 



Ch. XL} — 24. "What flagrant sins was David guilty of? 

Adultery and murder. He took Bathsheba the wife of 
Uriah, one of his worthy officers. He ordered Joab, who 
was engaged in the war with the Ammonites, to set Uriah in 



1 Embassadors were then, as now, invested with a sacred character which pro- 
tected them from any offensive action in a foreign land. Tliey were not amenable 
in any respect to the king or laws of the country to which they went. If they 
gave cause of complaint, the king might refuse to receive them, or request the 
power from whom they caoie to recall them ; but to subject them to molestation of 
any kind, was an affront as severely resented in ancient, as in modern times. 



A. M. 2971.] DAVID'S SINS. 167 

the hottest of the battle, and then retn-e from him. There 
he was slain. But the thing that David had done displeased 
the Lord. Ps. li., xxxii. 

Ch. XII.} — 25. How did the Lord make known his displeasure to 
David ? 

Bj a parable, related to him by N'athan the prophet. 

26. What was the parable ? 

There were two men in a city, one rich and the other poor. 
The rich man had exceeding many flocks and herds. The 
poor man had nothing, only one little ewe lamb, which he 
had bought and nourished up, and it had grown up with his 
children, did eat of his own meat, and drank of his own cup, 
and lay in his bosom. There came a traveler to the rich 
man, and instead of taking one of his own flock to dress for 
the traveler, he took the poor man's lamb and dressed it. 

27. What was David's judgment of the matter ? 

His anger was greatly kindled against the man. And he 
said. As the Lord liveth, the man that hath done this thing 
shall surely die ; and he shall restore the lamb fourfold, be- 
cause he did this and had no pity. 

28. What was Nathan's application of it, and the sentence? 

He said to David, Thou art the man. He had done this, 
in that, while he had been exalted to the kingdom, and God 
had given all Israel into his hand, he had taken the wife of 
Uriah, and slain him by the sword of the Ammonites. Be- 
cause David had done this, evil should arise against him out 
of his own house. The SAVord should never depart from his 
house ; and the child of Bathsheba should die. 

29. What is said of David, when his child was sick? 

He fasted and prayed, and lay all night upon the earth. 
See Ps. li. xxxii. The seventh day the child died ; and when 
David heard it was dead, he arose from the earth and washed 
himself, changed his apparel, came into the house of the Lord 
and worshiped, and ate bread. When his servants expressed 



168 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1023. 

tlieir astonishment at his conduct, he said. While the child 
was alive, I fasted and wept ; for I said, Who can tell whether 
God will be gracious unto me, that the child may live ? But 
now he is dead, wherefore should I fast ? Can I bring him 
back again? I shall go to him, but he shall not return 
to me. 

30. What other child had David and Bathsheba? 
Solomon. The name signifies. Peaceful. And the Lord 
loved him. 

Oh. XIII.} — 31. What was the next affliction in the family of David ? 

The dishonoring of Tamar by her half-brother Ammon, and 
the resentment of her own brother Absalom, who, after two 
years, found opportunity to slay Ammon. Then Absalom 
fled from Jerusalem, and remained three years with his 
mother's father. 

Ch. XIV.} — 32. How was Absalom brought back ? 

By an artifice of Joab, who saw how David longed for his 
son. He employed a wise woman of Tekoa to go with a 
feigned story to the king, in which the king saw the case of 
Absalom, and was persuaded to recall him. 

33. What is said of Absalom's beauty? 

There was none in all Israel to be compared to him. From 
the sole of his foot to the crown of his head there was no 
blemish in him. The weight of his hair, as he cut it from 
time to time, was two hundred shekels, which has been esti- 
mated at about four pounds. 

Oh. XY.}— 84. What of Absalom's rebellion? 

After two years, when he was received into his father's 
favor, he prepared himself chariots and horses, and fifty men 
to run before him. Then, by assuming such dignity, and by 
fair speeches, by afi'ected courtesy and condescension, he 
stole the hearts of the people. Under pretence of a vow, 
he obtained leave to go to Hebron ; and from thence he sent 



A. M. i2982.] ABSALOM'S REBELLION. 169 

throughout Israel, and had it proclaimed that he reigned in 
Hebron. He sent also for Ahithophel, his father's counselor, 
"vvho went over to him. And the conspiracy was strong, for 
the people increased continually with Absalom. 

85. What is said of David's flight ? 

He left Jerusalem with all his servants ; and all the coun- 
try wept with a loud voice while the king passed over the 
brook Kedron toward the way of the wilderness. When 
David would persuade Ittai, the Gittite, to remain, Ittai an- 
swered. In what place my lord the king shall be, whether in 
death or life, even there also will thy servant be. Zadok and 
Abiathar, who had followed David, bearing the ark, he com- 
manded to return with it to Jerusalem, saying, If I find favor 
in the eyes of the Lord, he will bring me again, and show me 
his habitation. And he went up Mount Olivet, weeping, 
with his head covered, and barefoot ; and all the people with 
him, weeping as they went up. And David prayed, O Lord, 
turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness. See Ps. iii. 

Cn. XVL, XVII.} — 36. Give an account of the manner in which this 
prayer was fulfilled. 

Hushai, David's friend, went over to Absalom, having first 
made an agreement w^ith David to send him word of what- 
ever he should hear ; and Absalom received him. In those 
days the counsel of Ahithophel was as if a man had inquired 
at the oracle of God. So both David and Absalom esteemed 
it. Then Absalom held a council with the elders (the first 
cabinet council noticed in history), and Ahithophel advised 
him to choose out 12,000 men and pursue at once after David, 
and slay him, adding that then the people would be afraid, 
come back to him, and all should be at peace. This pleased 
Absalom and all the elders; but Hushai's advice was also 
asked. He, seeing at once what would be the danger to Da- 
vid, declared the advice of Ahithopliel this time w^as not good, 
and gave various plausible reasons to show it : especially that 
David was known as such a mighty man of war, whose heart 



170 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1023. 

was as the heart of a lion, and his men were mighty men, 
chafed in their minds like a bear robbed of her whelps ; and 
therefore he urged delay nntil all Israel were gathered to Ab- 
salom, so that they might come down npon David and over- 
power him with numbers. The Lord put it into the hearts of 
the men of Israel to approve this counsel of Hushai before 
that of Ahithophel. Hushai then sent at once the two sons of 
Zadok and Abiathar, to go with all haste to David and inform 
him of the purposes of Absalom. While they went, a lad saw 
them and told Absalom. But they came to a well and went 
down, and a woman spread a covering over it, and put ground 
corn thereon. So Absalom's servants could not find them, 
and returned to Jerusalem. Then the men came out of the 
well, and went and told David, who hasted with his men and 
passed over Jordan. 

87. What more do we hear of Ahithophel ? 

When he found his counsel was not followed, he arose 
and went home to his city, put his household in order, and 
hanged himself.^ 

38. How was David treated by the people on the other side of Jordan ? 

They brought beds and provision for David and his men ; 
for they said, The people are hungry, and weary, and thirsty 
in the wilderness. Ps. iv., v., xlii., xliii., Iv., Ixii., Ixx., Ixxi., 
cxliv, 

Ch. XVIII.} — 89. Before the engagement which took place between 
the armies of David and Absalom, what charge did David give his men 
in regard to Absalom ? 

Deal gently, for my sake, with the young man, even with 
Absalom. 

40. What was the result of the engagement? 

Absalom's army was routed with great slaughter. Absa- 

1 Ahithophel bears the unenviable distinction of being the first whose hanging 
himself is recorded. Bishop Hall quaintly remarks of him, that though mad 
enough to hang himself, he was wise enough to set his house in order before ho 
did it. 



A. M. 2982.] DAVID'S RETURN. 171 

lorn rode upon a mule, and the mnle went Tinder the thick 
boughs of a great oak, and Absalom's head caught iu the 
oak ; he was taken up between the heaven and the earth, 
and the mule went away from under him. "When Joab 
heard of this, he took three darts and thrust them through 
the heart of Absalom while he was yet alive ; and ten young 
men that bare his armor compassed about Absalom, and slew 
him, and cast him into a great pit, and laid a heap of stones 
upon him. 

41. How did David lament when he lieard of his son's death? 

He cried with a loud voice, weeping, and saying, O my 
son Absalom ! my son, my son Absalom ! Would God I had 
died for thee ; O Absalom, my son, my son ! 



CHAPTEE lY. 

RETURN OF DAVID. REVOLT. FAMINE. 

Ch. XIX. } — 42. What incidents occurred on David's way back to 
Jerusalem ? 

Shim.ei, who had come out and cursed him when he fled 
from Absalom, now came with a thousand men to meet him, 
and fell down before David, confessed his sin and jDrayed for 
forgiveness, which David granted. Also Mephibosheth came 
to meet him ; and he had neither dressed his feet, nor trimmed 
his beard, nor washed his clothes, but had mourned since the 
day that David left. When David asked w^hy he had not 
gone with him, he replied, because his servant Ziba had de- 
ceived him, had taken away his ass so that he could not ride, 
and had also slandered him to the king. But when David 
comforted him, he said, Let Ziba take all, forasmuch as my 
lord the king is come again in peace to his own house. 
Barzillai, the Gileadite, who had given provisions to David's 



172 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1018. 

army when he first passed over Jordan, also came now to 
meet him and conduct him in his return over the river. He 
was an old man, eighty years of age ; and David invited him 
to return with him to his own house in Jerusalem. But Bar- 
zillai said, How long have I to live, that I should go up with 
the king ? I am this day fourscore years old. Can thy ser- 
vant taste what I eat, or what I drink ? Can I hear any more 
the voice of singing men and singing w^omen ? Thy servant 
will go a little way over Jordan with the king, and why 
should the king recompense it me with such a reward ? Let 
thy servant turn back, that I may die in my own city, and 
be buried by the grave of my father and my mother. And 
when all the people had gone with him over Jordan, David 
kissed Barzillai and blessed him, and he returned to his own 
place. When the king came to Gilgal, there the men of 
Israel complained of the men of Judah that they had taken 
it upon themselves alone to bring back David. When the 
men of Judah maintained their right because he was of their 
own tribe, those of Israel said, We have ten parts in the 
king, and so more right to be first in bringing him back. 
And the words of Judah were fiercer than those of Israel. 

Ch. XX.} — 43. What about the next revolt in David's kingdom ? 

Sheba, a man of Belial and a Benjamite, drew away all 
Israel after him, except Judah, which remained with David. 
The two parties prepared for war. David appointed Amasa 
to lead out the men of Judah, but when he delayed, Abishai 
was sent, and Joab went out with him. On the w^ay, Joab 
barbarously murdered Amasa, and took command of the 
army ; pursued Sheba to the city of Abel, and began to bat- 
ter down the wall. Then a wise woman of the city gained 
his hearing, and pleaded with him in behalf of the citj^, re- 
nowned in ancient times for wisdom ; and she said. Thou 
seekest to destroy a city, and a mother in Israel. Why wilt 
thou swallow up the inheritance of the Lord? Joab then 
made an agreement with her, that she should give him the 



A. M. 2987.] FAMINE. 173 

head of Sheba, and lie would spare the city. So they cut off 
the head of Sheba and cast it out to Joab, and he returned 
to Jerusalem. 

Ch. XXI. \ — 44. Why was a famine of three years sent upon the land 
of Israel, and Ijow removed? 

It was sent on account of Saul and his bloody house, be- 
cause he slew the Gibeonites, and thus broke the- treaty of 
peace which Joshua had made with them. Then David 
asked of the Gibeonites what he should do to make atone- 
ment. They required that seven men, of the sons of Saul, 
should be delivered up and hanged in Gibeah. David then 
spared Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan, but took the two 
sons of Rizpah, Saul's concubine, and five sons of Merab,^ 
Saul's daughter ; and they were all hanged before the Lord. 

45. What kindness was manifested toward the dead? 

The Gibeonites had left the bodies to hang until they should 
waste away. But Rizpah, the mother of two of them, spread 
sackcloth for herself on a rock, and watched them continu- 
ally ; suffering neither the birds of the air to rest on them by 
day, nor the beasts of the field by night. When David heard 
of this, he sent and took their bones, and the bones of Saul 
and Jonathan, and buried them all together in the country ot 
Benjamin, and in the sepulcher of Kish. 

On. XXII. } — 46. How does David here celebrate his various deliver- 
ances from his enemies about him, those in his own house, and in the 
house of Saul ? 

By a song of thanksgiving, which corresponds to the eight- 
eenth Psalm. It is here inserted, as it was composed for his 
own closet and harp ; afterward it was delivered to the chief 
musician, for the service of the Church. 

Ch. XXIII.}— 47. What were the last words of David? 
David, the son of Jesse, said, and the man who was raised 
up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet 

1 1 Samuel xviii. 19. 



1T4 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1017. 

Psalmist of Israel said, Tlie Spirit of the Lord spake by me, 
and his word was in my tongue. The God of Israel said, the 
Rock of Israel spake to me, He that ruleth over men must 
be just, ruling in the fear of God; and as the light of the 
morning when the sun riseth, even a morning without clouds ; 
as the tender grass springing out of the earth, by clear shining 
after rain. Although my house be not so "^th God, yet he 
hath made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all 
things, and sure : for this is all my salvation, and all my de- 
sire, although he make it not to grow. 



CHAPTER Y. 



Oh. XXIY. \ — 48. What did David do, that was the immediate cause 
of the anger of the Lord? 

He commanded Joab to go through all the tribes and 
number the people, from Dan to Beer-sheba. Joab endeav- 
ored to dissuade David from numbering them, but to no pur- 
pose. 

49. Wherein consisted the sin of David? 

It might have been in the vainglory and ambition that led 
him to do it, and it might have been because he did not ob- 
serve the law of Moses (jEb. xxx. 12), that every man should 
pay half a shekel as ransom money, when numbered. At all 
events, God had not commanded him to do it. It was not 
strange that the anger of the Lord should be kindled against 
Israel, disobedient and ungrateful as they were, and there- 
fore he permitted what we read in 1 Chron. xxi. 1. "And 
Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to num- 
ber Israel." 

50. What is said of David's repentance and punishment ? 



A. M. 2988 ] NUMBERING ISRAEL. 175 

His heart smote him that he had numbered the people, 
and he confessed his sin, that he had done very foolislilj. 
Then Gad the seer came to him with the word of tlie Lord, 
which permitted David to choose one of three jndgments : — 
seven years of famine, or to flee three months before liis ene- 
mies, or three days of pestilence. David chose the third. 
He said, I am in a great strait : let ns fall now into the hand 
of the Lord, for his mercies are great, and let me not fall into 
the hand of man. A pestilence was sent, and seventy thou- 
sand of Israel died.^ 

1 Chron. XXI. 15.} — 51. Give an account of the plague being stayed. 

When the Angel of the Lord stretched out his hand over 
Jerusalem to destroy it, and was destroying, the Lord repented 
him of the evil and said, It is enough. David lifted up his 
eyes and saw the Angel of the Lord stand between the earth 
and the heaven, having a drawn sword stretched over Jeru- 
salem. Then David and the elders with him, clothed in 
sackcloth, fell on their faces ; and David said. Is it not I that 
have sinned ? But as for these sheep, what have they done ? 
Let thy hand be on me and on my father's house, but not on 
thy people. Then the Angel commanded David to set up an 
altar there in the threshing-floor of Oman the Jebusite : and 
David asked Oman to sell him the floor. But Oman said. 
Take it, and I give thee oxen also for burnt-offerings, and the 
threshing instruments for wood, and wheat for the meat- 
offering ; I give it all. David said, l^ay, I will buy it. I 
will not offer burnt-offerings to the Lord of that which doth 
cost me nothing. And he gave Oman six hundred shekels^ 
of gold. There he built an altar and offered offerings, and 
called on the Lord ; and the Lord answered him by fire from 

1 David acted nobly. Had he chosen war, his own personal safety was not risked, 
because an ordinance prevented his going to battle. Had he chosen famine^ his 
own wealth would have secured his and his family's support. But he showed the 
greatness of his mind in choosing the pestilence^ to which himself and household 
were exposed equally with the meanest of his subjects. — Dr. A. Clarice. 

' An ancient Jewish coin, worth about 2«. 3 Va d. British currency, or 55 cents. 



176 BIBLE HISTORY. [b c. 1015. 

heaven upon tlie altar. Then the Angel put up his sword 
into his sheath. 

Ch. XXII. f — 52. "What preparations did David make for building the 
temple ? 

He set masons to hew wrought stones, he prepared iron 
and brass, cedar- trees from Tyre and Sidon, all manner of 
skillful workmen for every manner of w^ork, and gold and 
silver in such abundance that it could not be numbered. He 
then said to Solomon, Arise, and be doing, and the Lord be 
with thee. 

Ch. XXVIII.} — 53. Give his address to the men of Israel. 

He assembled all the princes and captains and officers and 
mighty men, and told them how he had purposed to build a 
house for the Lord, and that God had forbidden him because 
he had been a man of war and had shed blood. Howbeit the 
Lord had chosen him to be king over Israel forever, and of 
all his sons the Lord had chosen Solomon to sit upon the 
throne of the kingdom of the Lord; and had said, Solomon 
shall build my house and my courts, and 1 will establish his 
kingdom forever if he will keep my commandments. David 
then exhorted the people to keep the commandments of the 
Lord, that they might possess the land and leave it for an 
inheritance to their children forever. Ps. Ixxii., xci., cxlv. 

54. What was his charge to Solomon ? 

And thou, Solomon my son, know thou the God of thy 
father, and serve him with a perfect heart and with a willing 
mind. If thou seek him, he will be found of thee ; but if thou 
forsake him, he will cast thee off forever. Take heed now, 
for the Lord hath chosen thee to build a house for the sanctu- 
ary. Be strong and do it. 

David also gave to Solomon the pattern of all the house, 
and the courts, and of every thing which he should make to 
furnish it. And David said, All this the Lord made me 
understand in writing by his hand upon me, even all the 
works of this pattern. He also encouraged Solomon to be 



A.M. 2990.J DAVID'S DYING CHARGE. 177 

strong and of good courage : For tlie Lord, even my God ^Yill 
be with tliee, lie will not fail nor forsake thee until thou hast 
finished all the work of the service of the Lord. 

Ch. XXIX. \ — 55. How did he incite the people to contribute for the 
work ? 

He said to them, Solomon my son, whom alone God hath 
chosen, is yet young and tender, and the work is great; for 
the palace is not for man, but for the Lord God. He then 
told them how much he had prepared, of gold, silver, precious 
stones, and marble. He had given of his own, because he 
had set his affection upon the house of his God : and he asked 
them, who was willing to consecrate his service unto the 
Lord ? Then all the princes and captains and officers gave 
iron and brass, silver and gold and precious stones, and 
offered willingly, with perfect heart. And the people re- 
joiced, and David the king rejoiced with great joy. 

56. How did David and the people express their joy? 

David blessed the Lord before all the congregation, prais- 
ing him and thanking him, praying for the people, and for 
Solomon ; and all the congregation bowed and worshiped 
the Lord, and offered sacrifices in abundance, and did eat 
and drink before the Lord on that day with great gladness. 
And they anointed Solomon king the second time. 

57. What was the length of David's reign? and describe his death. 
He was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he 

reigned forty years : seven years in Hebron, thirty-three years 
in Jerusalem. And he died in a good old age, full of days, 
and riches, and honor. 

In the books of Samuel, David is described as the greatest 
and best of kings ; in Chronicles, as the most eminent in 
grace and holiness : " The man after God's own heart." His 
exalted piety and holy conduct shine here with peculiar 
luster. He no sooner is established on the throne, than he 
turns his main attention to the affairs of the Church, and to tlie 

go 



178 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1015. 

sacred service of God, which he makes his grand and leading 
concern through life. And his zeal for building a temple for 
his God is boundless, like a vehement flame, which many 
waters could not quench. All may easily discern that his 
whole soul flowed toward this temple, as it represented Christ 
his Saviour, in the vast preparations he made toward erect- 
ing this building of God, and by the solemn and earnest 
charges which he addressed to Solomon his son and the elders 
of Israel concerning it, just before his death. 

The reign of David, king of Israel, prefigures the reign of 
Jesus, King of Zion, in a most eminent degree. Does David 
gain the throne in .spite of opposition ? Does he reign in 
righteousness, seek the welfare, and subdue the enemies of 
his people? Does he set before his subjects the brightest 
example of true holiness, fervent piety, and patient submis- 
sion? How much more true is all this of Christ than of 
David ? And doubtless the leading design of all we read of 
David's kingdom, is to bring us to contemplate the Messiah's 
kingdom. 

The Psalms should be read in connection with these 
histories. 



THE KINGS OF JUDAH AND ISRAEL. 

B.C. 1015-588 A.M. 2990-3417. 



The two books of Kings contain the history of Judah and 
Israel under the government of kings from the days of David 
to the captivity in Babylon. The history of both kingdoms 
is carried on together from the death of Solomon. But the 
difference between the kings of Judah and of Israel is most 
striking, both in their character and form of government. 



A.M. i>990 ] KINGS OF JUDAH AND ISRAEL. 1Y9 

The kingdom of Jiidah was hereditary in the house of 
David, according to God's appointment, and descended from 
father to son, from the coronation of David to the Babylonish 
captivity, a period of five hundred and ten years. During 
this long period there v^as not one revolution or civil war in 
Judah ; an instance unequaled in the world. The kings of 
Judah, from David to the captivity, were in all twenty-one. 

The ten tribes under Jeroboam broke off all connection 
with Judah, and established a government and a religion 
more congenial to their own depraved minds. Several of the 
kings of Israel were rebellious usurpers from any tribe as it 
happened. Their number in all, from Jeroboam to the As- 
syrian captivity (a period of three hundred and eleven years), 
was nineteen. 

The first book of Kings contains the history of 126 years. 
The second book, of 3M years. 

The second book of Chronicles, for substance, is the same 
with the two books of Kings, with this difference : — In the 
books of Kings the history of both Judah and Israel is blend- 
ed and carried on together ; whereas in this second book of 
Chronicles we have only that of the house of David, the 
kings of Judah : the history of the kings of Israel being 
wholly waived, except so far as it is connected with the 
history of the kings of Judah. The account given of David's 
family is related here to great advantage, being entire by 
itself, and considerably enlarged. The whole book together 
evinces the faithful accomplishment of God's promises to 
David and his seed respecting the line of the Messiah. 

In the history of the kings that came after Solomon, we 
find all along that the good kings prospered greatly and the 
kingdom flourished : but that the wicked kings suffered 
miserably, and rendered their subjects unhappy ; and when 
they tilled up the measure of their iniquity, the whole land 
was ruined. We see by this how true is that word of the 
Lord, ''Them that honor me, I will honor; but they that 
despise me, shall be lightly esteemed." 



180 



BIBLE HISTORY. 



[B.C. 101$. 



SYNCHRONICAL TABLE 



KIlSrGS OF JUDAH AND ISRAEL 



Year 
of the 
World. 



Year 
before 
Christ 



KINGS OF JUDAH. 



Years 

of 
Reign. 



Year 
of pre- 
ceding 
King ot 
Israel. 



KINGS OF ISEAEL. 



Years 

of 
Reign. 



3029 
3046 
3048 
3050 
3051 
8074 
3075 
3075 
3086 
3089 
3107 
3108 
3112 
8119 
3120 
3126 
3148 
3163 
3165 
3179 
3194 
3231 
3232 
3233 
3243 
3245 
3246 
3262 
3274 
3278 
3283 
3306 
3361 
3363 
3394 
3395 
3405 
3406 



975 
958 
956 
954 
958 
930 
929 
929 
918 
915 
897 
896 
892 
885 
884 
878 
856 
841 
839 
825 
810 
773 
772 
771 
761 
759 
758 
742 
730 
726 
721 
698 
643 
641 
610 
609 
599 
598 



Rehoboam 
Abijah. . . 
Asa 



Jehoshaphat . . . 

Jehoram 

Ahaziali 

Queen Athaliah 
Joash 

Amaziah 

Uzziah 



Jotham . . 
Ahaz .... 

Hezekiah . 

Manasseh 
Amon 

Josiah ... 
Jeboahaz . 
Jeboiakim, 
Jeboiacbin 
Zedekiab . 



17 
3 

41 



25 



8 
1 

7 
40 



29 
52 



16 
16 



55 

2 

81 
3 mo. 

11 
81m. 

11 



18th 
20 tb 



4th 



5tb 
12th 

7th 



2d 
27th 



2d 
17th 

3d 



Jeroboam 

Nadab 

Baasha 

Elah 

Zimri 

Omri 

Ahab 

Ahaziah 

Jehoram 

Jehu 

Jeboahaz 

Jehoash 

Jeroboam II 

Zachariah 

Shallum 

Menahem 

Pekahiah 

Pekah 

Hoshea 

Samaria taken. . . 



22 



2 
24 

2 

7 da. 

12 

22 



12 



28 

17 
16 

41 

6 mo. 

Imo. 

10 

2 

20 



A. M. 2990.] ADONIJAH ASPIRES TO THE THRONE. 181 



CHAPTER I. 

ADONIJAH ASPIRES TO THE THEONE. DAVID MAKES SOLOMON 

KING. — David's last charge to solomon. — Solomon's wis- 
dom, PROSPERITY, AND GRANDEUR. 

1 Kings. Ch. I.} — 1. When David was old and feeble, who aspired to 
the throne ? 

Adonijali, the fourth son of David, born while he was king 
in Hebron. According to the general law of primogeniture, 
that the eldest son should succeed to the throne, after the 
death of Amnion and Absalom (and probably of Chileab), Ad- 
onijah considered that he might claim the crown. Joab and 
Abiathar the priest also joined with him to make him king ; 
and they slew cattle and sheep, and made a great feast, de- 
signed as a coronation feast, and called the king's sons and 
all the captains of Israel, and said, God save King Adonijali ! 
But Solomon and the men with him were not called. 

2. How was this plot of Adonijali defeated ? 

Kathan the prophet went to Bathsheba, the mother of 
Solomon, and instructed her to go in to David and remind 
him of his oath, that Solomon should be king after him, and 
tell him of what Adonijali had done. And she went in to 
David ; and while she told him as IsTathan directed, ISTathan 
also came in and confirmed what she said. Then David com- 
manded that his servants should cause Solomon to ride on 
the king's own mule, and bring him down to Gihon, and that 
there Zadok the priest and Nathan should anoint him and 
proclaim him king. And they did as David commanded, and 
blew the trumpet, and all the people came up after Solomon 
and rejoiced with great joy, so that the earth rent with the 
sound of them. When Adonijali and the guests heard the 
noise in the city, Joab inquired after the uproar : it was told 



182 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1014. 

them that David had made Solomon king, and that he sat on 
the throne of the kingdom. 

3. What effect had this news on Adonijah and the guests 1 
Thej were afraid, and went every man his way; and 
Adonijah went and caught hold of the horns of the altar, 
lest Solomon should slay him. But Solomon sent and brought 
him away ; and when he came and bowed down before the 
king, Solomon sent him to his house. 

On. XL |- — 4. What were the last directions that David gave to Solo- 
mon? 

To be strong, and show himself a man : to keep the charge 
of the Lord, and walk in his commandments. He also re- 
minded him of what Joab had done in slaying Abner and 
Amasa, and said. Let not the hoar head of Joab go down to 
the grave in peace. He charged him to show kindness to the 
sons of Barzillai, and to let them eat at his table, because 
they came to him when he fled from Absalom. But Shimei, 
who had cursed him at that time with a grievous curse, his 
hoar head Solomon should bring down to the grave with 
blood. 

5. What other events are recorded in regard to Adonijah ? 

He went to Bathsheba, and persuaded her to ask of King 
Solomon that Abishag, the damsel whom David had married 
when he was old, and who cherished him until his death, 
should be given to him for a wife. So Bathsheba went unto 
Solomon, and the king rose up to meet her, and bowed him- 
self unto her, and caused a seat to be set for her on his right 
hand. Then she asked that Abishag should be given to 
Adonijah. But Solomon saw that Adonijah had it in view 
to gain the kingdom, and he sware to the Lord that Adonijah 
should that day be put to death ; and he sent Benaiah, who 
slew him. 

6. What was the sentence of Abiathar, who had gone with Adonijah ? 
Solomon would not put him to death, because he had borne 



A. M. 2991.] SOLOMON'S MARRIAGE. 183 

the ark before David, and been afflicted in all the afflictions 
of David. But he thrust him out from being priest. 

7. What was the end of Joab ? 

When Joab heard of the fate of Adonijah, he fled to the 
Tabernacle and caught hold of the horns of the altar. On 
hearing this, Solomon sent Benaiah to slay him. When Joab 
refused, to leave the altar, Benaiah slev^ him there, and buried 
him in his own house in the wilderness. 

8. Of Shimei? 

Solomon had commanded him to build a house in Jerusa- 
lem and dwell there, telling him that on the day he went out 
of it he should die. After three years he went to Gath, and 
returned again to Jerusalem. When Solomon heard of this, 
he commanded Benaiah to slay him also. So the kingdom 
was established in the hand of Solomon. 

Ch. III. [ — 9. Whom did Solomon marry? 

The daughter of Pharaoh, king of Egypt. 

10. Give an account of the Lord's appearing to Solomon. 

Solomon went to Gibeon to sacrifice there, and offered a 
thousand burnt-offerings to the Lord. There the Lord ap- 
peared to him in a dream, and said. Ask what I shall give 
thee. And Solomon said. Thou hast made thy servant king 
instead of David my father, and I am but a little child ; I 
know not how to go out or come in ; and thy servant is in 
the midst of thy people which thou hast chosen, a great 
people that cannot be counted for multitude. Give, there- 
fore, thy servant an understanding heart to judge thy people, 
that I may discern between good and bad.^ And the speech 

' Those who are employed in pubhc stations ought to he very sensible of the 
weight and importance of their work, and their own insufficiency for it ; then they 
are qualified to receive Divine instruction. Paul's question, Who is sufficient for 
these things? is much like Solomon's here. Absalom, who was a fool, wishes him- 
self a judge. Solomon, who was a wise man, trembles at the undertaking, and sus- 
pects his own fitness for it. The more knowing and considerate men are, the better 
acquainted they are with their own weakness, and the more jealous of themselves. 



1 84 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 1 01 4 . 

pleased the Lord ; and he said, Because thou hast asked this 
thing, and hast not asked for thyself long life, nor riches, nor 
the life of thine enemies, but understanding to discern judg- 
ment, behold, I have given thee a wise and understanding 
heart, so that there was none like thee before thee, neither 
shall any such arise after thee ; also riches and honor above 
all kings. And if thou wilt walk in my ways as thy father 
David did walk, then I will lengthen thy days. 

11. What was the first proof noticed of Solomon's wisdom ? 

His decision in a case brought to him by two women, who 
each had a child, and lived in one house. The child of one 
died, and she arose in the night and exchanged it for the 
living child of the other woman. In the morning both 
claimed the living child. Then Solomon called for a sword ; 
and when it was brought to him, he said, Divide the living 
child in two, and give half to the one and half to the other. 
Then spake the woman, whose the living child was, unto the 
king (for her bowels yearned upon her son), and she said, O 
my lord, give her the living child, and in nowise slay it ; but 
the other said. Let it be neither mine nor thine, but divide it. 
Then the king decided that the one who would not permit 
the child to be cut asunder was the mother of it. 

Oh. IY.[ — 12. What is said of the prosperity and grandeur of Solo- 
mon's kingdom? 

" Judah and Israel were many, as the sand which is by the 
sea in multitude, eating and drinking, and making merry. 
And Solomon reigned over all kingdoms, from the river 
(^. e. the Euphrates) unto the land of the Philistines, and unto 
the border of Egypt : they brought presents, and served 
Solomon all the days of his life. And Judah and Israel 
dwelt safely, every man under his vine and under his fig- 
tree, from Dan even to Beer-sheba, all the days of Solo- 
mon." The account of his kingdom here given fully answers 
to the prophecies concerning it in Psalm Ixxii., — a Psalm for 
Solomon, but with reference to Christ, 



A. M. 2991.] BUTLDTNG OF THE TEMPLE. 185 

13. What is said of Solomon's -wisdom and reputation ? 

God gave bim wisdom and understanding, and largeness of 
heart, as the sand on the sea-shore. " And Solomon's wisdom 
excelled the wisdom of all the children of the east country, 
and all the wisdom of Egypt. And he spake three thousand 
proverbs ; and his songs were a thousand and five. And he 
spake of trees, from the cedar-tree that is in Lebanon, even 
unto the hyssop that springeth out of the wall : he spake also 
of beasts, and of fowl, and of creeping things, and of fishes. 
And there came of all people to hear the wisdom of Solomon, 
from all kings of the earth," 

Solomon was a moralist : he spake three thousand prov- 
erbs, wise sayings, of admirable use for the conduct of human 
life. Whether those proverbs of Solomon we have, were any 
part of the three thousand is uncertain. He was also a poet, 
and a man of great wit. His songs were a thousand and 
five, of which only one is extant as divinely inspired, which 
is therefore called his Song of songs. He was also a natural 
philosopher, and a man of great learning and insight into the 
mysteries of nature. He wrote both, of plants and animals, 
descriptions of their nature and qualities. Persons came 
from all parts who were more inquisitive after knowledge 
than their neighbors, to hear the wisdom of Solomon. His 
court was the staple of learning and the rendezvous of 
philosophers. 



CHAPTEE II. 

BUILDING OF THE TEMPLE. DEDICATION. QUEEN OF SHEBA's 



Ch. V.} — 14. Give an account of Solomon's preparation to build the 
Temple. 

Hiram, king of Tyre, who had ever been a great friend of 
David, sent to congratulate Solomon on his accession to the 



186 BIBLE HTSTOEY. [b. c. 1004. 

throne; and Solomon informed the messengers of his purpose 
to build the Temple. He said his father conld not build it on 
account of his wars, but the Lord had given to him rest, and 
he wished assistance from the King of Tyre in the work. 
"Thou knowest that there is not among us any that can skill 
to hew timber like unto the Sidonians." Hiram promised to 
Solomon all that he desired, and they made a league together. 
And Solomon raised 30,000 men out of Israel and sent them 
to Lebanon, 10,000 a month by courses. He had 70,000 that 
bore burdens, and 80,000 hewers in the mountains, and 3,300 
to oversee those who wrought. 

Cir. YI. [ — 15. Give a brief account of the Temple. 

It is called the house of the Lord, because it was directed 
and modeled by Him. Infinite Wisdom was the architect, 
and gave to David the pattern by the Spirit, and in writing 
— as to Moses, in the Mount, a draught of the Tabernacle ; 
and it is also called the house of the Lord because it was de- 
voted to Him and his honor. The time when it began to be 
built was four hundred and eighty years after the exodus from 
Egyj^t, and in the fourth year of Solomon's reign. It^ stood 
four hundred and thirty years, when it was burnt by Nebu- 
chadnezzar. The first three years of Solomon's reign were 
taken up in settling the affairs of his kingdom, that they might 
not embarrass his work, and also in preparing materials. The 
materials were brought in, ready for their place, and when the 
several parts came to be put together, nothing was defective. 
It was the Temple of the God of peace, and therefore no iron 
tool must be heard in it. Its dimensions, and the plan of it, 
were according to the pattern given to David. 1 Chron. 
xxviii. 11-19. Solomon was seven years in building it. 

Cii. VII.} — 16. What other buildings were erected by Solomon? 

A house for himself, which he was thirteen years in build- 
ing ; a house of the forest of Lebanon, supposed to be a 
country-seat near Jerusalem, so called from the pleasantness 
of its situation and the trees that encompassed it; also a 



A. M. 3001.] DEDICATION OF THE TEMPLE. ■ 187 

house for his wife, the daughter of Pharaoh, where she might 
hold her court. 

Ch. VIII. [ — 17. Give an account of the dedication of the Temple. 

The Temple, though richly beautified, without the ark was 
like a body without the soul, or a house without an inhabit- 
ant. The bringing in of the ark was the act that must crown 
the work. 

Solomon caused the elders of Israel, the heads of the tribes, 
and chief of the fathers to assemble at Jerusalem, that they 
might bring up the ark out of the city of David. And the 
priests brought up the ark of the Lord, and the Tabernacle of 
the congregation, and all the holy vessels that were in the 
Tabernacle, and Solomon and all the congregation sacrificed 
sheep and oxen without number. And the priests brought 
the ark of the covenant into the most holy place, even under 
the wings of the cherubim. And when the priests were 
come out of the holy place, the cloud filled the house of the 
Lord ; so the priests could not stand to minister because of 
the cloud, for the glory of the Lord had filled the house of 
the Lord.^ 

Solomon's Prayer. — He stood before the altar of the Lord, 
in the presence of all the congregation of Israel, and spread 
forth his hand toward heaven.^ See ver. 23-54. Solomon 



1 The glory of God appeared in a dark cloud, to signify the darkness of that dis- 
pensation compared with the Gospel, by which, "with open face, we behold as in 
a glass the glory of the Lord ;" and also the darkness of our present state, com- 
pared with the vision of God where the Divine Glory is unvailed, and when we 
Bhall see Him as he is. God is light, and he dwells in light ; but with respect to 
man He is said to dwell in thick darkness— making it His pavilion, because they 
could not bear the dazzling brightness of his glory. 

••» His posture was very reverent, expressive of humility, seriousness, and fer- 
vency. He stood before the altar, intimating that he expected the success of his 
prayer, in virtue of the great Sacrifice typified by the sacrifices of the altar. But 
wlicn he addressed himself to prayer he kneeled down, as appears v. 54. Compare 
2 Chron. vi, 13. lie spread forth his hands toioard heaven, and, as appears by v. 54, 
continued so to the end of the prayer, thus expressing his desire toward, and ex- 
pectations from, God as a Father in heaven. Sucli outward expressions of the fixed- 
ness and fervor of devotion, ought not to be despised or ridiculed. 



188 BIBLE HIBTOKY. [b. c. 992. 

having surrendered this house to God, and God having signi- 
fied His acceptance of it by taking possession, he more par- 
ticularly declared the uses of that surrender, with all humility 
and reverence desiring God v^ould agree thereto. He re- 
quested that this house might be deemed and taken not only 
for a house of sacrifice, but a house of prayer for all people ; 
and herein it was a type of the Gospel Church. "That thine 
eyes may be open toward this house night and day, even to- 
ward the place of which thou hast said. My name shall be 
there ; that thou mayest hearken unto the prayer which thy 
servant shall make toward this place ; and hearken thou to 
the supplication, of thy servant, and of thy people Israel, 
when they shall pray toward this place ; and hear thou in 
heaven, thy dwelling-place ; and Avhen thou hearest, for- 
give."^ We find, in 2 Chron. vi. 41, 42, that Solomon con- 
cludes this prayer with some expressions learned of his father, 
and which we find in Ps. cxxxii. 8-10. Now therefore arise, 
O Lord God, into thy resting-place, thou, and the ark of thy 
strength : let thy priests, O Lord God, be clothed with sal- 
vation, and let thy saints rejoice in goodness. O Lord God, 
turn not away the face of thine anointed ; remember the 
mercies of David, thy servant. 

The dedication was closed by the king and all Israel offer- 
ing peace-oiferings, 22,000 oxen, and 120,000 sheep. Then 
followed a feast of fourteen days which they kept with great 

joy. 

Ch. IX.} — 18. Give an account of God's covenant in a vision with 
Solomon. 

God had given a real answer to Solomon's prayer, and 
tokens of his acceptance of it, immediately by the fire from 
heaven which consumed the sacrifice, as we find in 2 Chron. 
vii. 1 ; but here we have a more express and distinct answer 



1 Thus was typified the mediation of Christ, the true Temple, whom we must 
eye in every thing we have to do with God. They that were at a distance looked 
toward Jerusalem for the sake of the Temple, even when it was in ruins. Dan. vi. 10. 



A. M. 3013.] QUEEN OF SHEBA'S VISIT TO SOLOMON 189 

to it. God apjDearecl to him, as at Gibeon, in a dream or 
vision. He assnred him of his special presence in the Temple 
in answer to his prayer. He showed him that he and his 
people were for the fntm'e on their good behavior. The 
establishment of his kingdom depended on the constancy of 
his obedience, for on that condition was the promise made. 
The ruin of his kingdom and the rejection of this house, .would 
be the certain consequence of his, or his children's, apostasy 
from God. When it should be asked, " "Why hath the Lord 
done thus to this house?" they could not but answer, "Be- 
cause they forsook the Lord their God." Deut, xxix. 24, 25. 

19. Did Solomon fulfill his contract with Hiram? 

He did, — and over and above, gave him twenty cities in 
the land of Galilee ; and Hiram gave to Solomon sixscore 
talents of gold. 

20. Who were his servants ? 

He made bond-servants of all that were left of the Amo- 
rites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, Jebusites ; but of the Isra- 
elites he made no bondmen, — they were men of war and hon- 
orable servants. 

Cn. X. } — 21. Give an account of the Queen of Sheba's visit to Solomon. 

The Queen of Sheba, called by our Saviour {Matt. xii. 42), 
the Queen of the South, and said to come from the uttermost 
parts of the earth, probably the land of Yemen, when she 
heard of the fame of Solomon, came to prove him with hard 
questions. And she came to Jerusalem with a very great 
train, with camels that bare spices and gold and precious 
stones. And Solomon told her all her questions ; there was 
nothing hid from the king. When she saw all his wisdom, 
his buildings, his treasures, and his servants, there was no 
more spirit in her, and she told the king she had not believed 
the reports that came into her country of his wisdom and his 
acts, but now when she had seen it, behold the half had not 
been told her ; his wisdom and greatness exceeded all she had 



190 BIBLE HISTOEY. [b. c. 975. 

heard. " Happy are thj men, happy are thy servants which 
stand continually before thee and hear thy words, and blessed 
be the Lord God that delighted in thee ; because he loved 
Israel he made thee king to do judgment and justice." And 
she gave to the king great treasures of gold and precious 
stones and spices. There came no such abundance of spices 
to Solomon as the Queen of Sheba brought him ; and the 
king also gave to her whatsoever she asked, besides what he 
gave her of his royal bounty. So she turned with her ser- 
vants and went into her own country. 

22. What more is said of Solomon's wealth and wisdom ? 

The weight of gold that came to him in one year was six 
hundred and sixty-six talents, equal to more than eighteen 
millions of dollars ; and he trajQS.cked with all the countries 
around. He made two hundred targets, and three hundred 
shields, all of beaten gold ; and he made a great throne of 
ivory, and overlaid it with gold ; and all his drinking-vessels, 
and all the vessels in the house of the forest of Lebanon were 
of pure gold, none were of silver, it was nothing accounted 
of in the days of Solomon. And all the earth sought to Solo- 
mon to hear his wisdom which God had put in his heart. 
And the king made silver to be in Jerusalem as stones, and 
cedars made he to be as sycamore-trees that are in the vale, 
for abundance. 

Oh. XI. [ — 23. Give an account of Solomon's idolatry. 

He loved many strange women, and had in all a thousand 
wives and concubines ; and not one good one among them, 
as he himself owns in his penitential sermon. Eccles. vii. 28. 
In his old age he was drawn by these women to the worship 
of strange gods. He went after Ashtoreth the goddess ot 
the Zidonians, and after Milcom the abomination of the Am- 
monites. And he built high places for Chemosh the abomi- 
nation of Moab, and for Molech the abomination of Ammon ; 
and he burnt incense and sacrificed unto them. For these 
things God was angry with Solomon, and threatened to rend 



A. M. 303C.] DEATH OF SOLOMON. 191 

the kingdom from liim and give it to his servant. But for 
David's sake he would not do it in his day, but he would 
rend it out of the hand of his son ; neither would he rend 
away all the kingdom, but would give him one tribe for 
David's sake, and for the sake of Jerusalem. 

24. Who were Solomon's adversaries? 

Hadad, the Edomite, who was entertained in Egypt. • We 
are told that what induced him to bear Solomon a grudge, 
was that David had conquered Edom. Also Kezon who 
reigned in Damascus ; and Jeroboam the son of ISTebat, to 
whom Ahijah promised the goverment of the ten tribes. 

25. Give some account of Jeroboam, and of Ahijah 's prophecy respect- 
ing the kingdom. 

Jeroboam was of the tribe of Ephraim, the son of a widow. 
He was a mighty man of valor, and Solomon seeing the 
young man was industrious, appointed him to be the ruler of 
tribute from Ephraim and Manasseh. It is plainly intimated 
that he was contriving to rise to the throne, for the prophet 
tells him. Thou shalt reign according to all that thy soul de- 
sireth. The sign which Ahijah gave him of the truth of this 
prophecy was, rending his own garment into twelve pieces, 
and giving ten of them to Jeroboam.-^ Solomon after that 
sought to kill him, so he fled into Egypt and remained there 
until the death of the king. 

26. What was the length of Solomon's reign, and where was he buried? 
He reigned forty years. And Solomon slept with his fa- 
thers, and was buried in the city of David his father. 



1 The rending of the kingdom from Saul, was signified by rending Samuel's man- 
tle, not Saul's. It was more significant to give Jeroboam ten pieces of what was 
not his own before, than of what was. The prophets, both true and false, used 
Buch signs even in the New Testament time. Acts xxi. 11. 



192 BIBLE HISTORY. • [b. c. 975. 

CHAPTEK III. 

THE KINGDOM DIVIDED. IDOLATRY ESTABLISHED BY JEROBOAM. 

THE MAN OF GOd's PROPHECY AGAINST THE ALTAR OF BETHEL. 
DEATH OF JEROBOAM. 

Oh. XII. } — 27. "What request did Jeroboam and all Israel make of 
Eehoboam ? 

That he would lighten their burdens. They said, Thy fa- 
ther made our yoke grievous ; now, therefore, make thou the 
grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he 
put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee. 

28. What was his reply ? 

He told them to return to him after three days. In the 
mean time, that he might be prepared, he asked counsel of 
the old men and the young men. 

Beply of the old men. — If thou wilt be a servant unto this 
people this day, and wilt serve them, and speak good words 
to them, they will be thy servants forever. 

Itejply of the young men. — Thus shalt thou say to them, 
" My little finger shall be thicker than my father's loins ; and 
now, whereas my father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I 
will add to your yoke. My father hath chastised you with 
whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions." 

When Jeroboam and the people returned the third day, 
Hehoboam forsook the counsel of the old men, and answered 
them roughly, according to the advice of the young men. 
Therefore the king hearkened not unto the people, for the 
cause was from the Lord, that he might perform his word 
spoken by Ahijah the prophet to Jeroboam. 

29. What results followed ? 

Jeroboam and all Israel rebelled. When Israel saw that 
the king hearkened not unto them, they answered him, What 



A. M. 3030.] THE KINGDOM DIVIDED. 193 

portion have we in David ? neither have we inheritance in 
the son of Jesse : To your tents, O Israel ! !N"ow see to thine 
own house, David. Then Kehoboam sent to them Adoram, 
who was over the tribute ; and all Israel stoned him that he 
died. So ten of the tribes revolted, and chose Jeroboam for 
their king. Rehoboam attempted to bring the revolting- 
tribes to obedience by force of arms. He gathered 180,000 
men from Judah and Benjamin to fight against Israel*. The 
impending war was arrested by the interference of a prophet, 
who addressed them as follows : Thus saith the Lord, Ye 
shall not go up nor fight against your brethren, the children 
of Israel. Return every man to his house. 

80. What efforts did Jeroboam make to secure the kingdom ? 

He set up two golden calves ; one in Bethel, the other in 
Dan, the extremities of his kingdom ; and he made a house 
of high places, or of altars, and he made priests of the lowest 
of the people. He changed the time of the feast of taber- 
nacles from the fifteenth of the seventh month to the fifteenth 
of the eighth month. ^ 

Ch. XIII.} — 31. Give the story of the prophet sent to warn Jeroboam. 

A man of God came from Judah to Bethel, when Jeroboam 
stood by the altar to burn incense ; and he cried against the 
altar in the word of the Lord, and said, O altar, altar ! thus 
saith the Lord, Behold, a child shall be born unto the house 
of David, Josiah by uame, and upon thee shall he ofi^er the 
priests of the high places that burn incense upon thee, and 
men's bones shall be burnt upon thee. He also gave a sign, 
saying. Behold, the altar shall be rent, and the ashes that are 
upon it shall be poured out. ' 

When Jeroboam heard the man of God, he put forth his 
hand, saying. Lay hold of him. And his hand dried up, so 
that he could not pull it to himself again. The altar was also 
rent and the ashes poured out, according to the sign which 
the prophet had given by the word of the Lord. Jeroboam 



194 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 956. 

besought the man of God to entreat the Lord that his hand 
might be restored. He did so, and his hand became as it 
was before. The king asked the prophet to go home with 
him and refresh himself, but the prophet refused : " If thou 
wilt give me half thy house I will not go with thee, neither 
will I eat bread nor drink water in this place. For so it was 
charged me by the word of the Lord, Eat no bread, nor drink 
water, nor turn again by the same way that thou camest." So 
he went another way. 

32. Who persuaded this man of God to return to Bethel ? And give 
an account of it. 

One called. An old prophet in Bethel. His sons came 
home and told him all the works that the man of God had 
done, and what he had said ; and he went after him and 
found him sitting under an oak, and asked him to his house, 
which the man of God refused, as he had done before to 
Jeroboam. But the old prophet said, I am a prophet also, 
as thou art ; and an angel spake unto me by the word of the 
Lord, saying. Bring him back with thee into thine house, 
that he may eat and drink. But he lied unto him. So he 
went back ; but while they sat at the table, the word of the 
Lord came to the old prophet, and he cried nnto the man of 
God, that as he had disobeyed the Lord by eating and drink- 
ing, his carcass should not come unto the sepulchers of his 
fathers. After the man of God departed, a lion met liim and 
slew him, and his carcass was cast in the way, and tlie ass 
stood by it, and the lion also, neither disturbing the carcass, 
the ass, the men who passed by, nor the old prophet. His 
commission was only to kill the man of God. Then the old 
prophet brought back the carcass to the city, to mourn, and 
bury it. He laid it in his own grave, and said, Alas ! my 
brother. He charged his sons, saying, When I am dead, then 
biiry me in this sepulcher, wherein the man of God is buried ; 
lay my bones beside his bones ; for the saying which iie cried 
by the word of the Lord against the altar in Bethel, and 



A. M. 3049.] DEATH OF ABIJAH, SON OF JEROBOAM. 195 

against all the houses of the high places which are in the 
cities of Samaria, shall surely come to pass. 

(God's threats, signs, judgments, and mercies, failed to re- 
claim Jeroboam.) 

Ch. XIY.} — 33. Give an account of Abijah. 

He was the son of Jeroboam. He fell sick. Jeroboam 
said to his wife, Arise, I pray thee, and disguise thyself, and 
take presents and go to Ahijah the prophet at Shiloh, the 
prophet that told me I should be king over this people, and 
he shall tell thee what shall become of the child. She did 
so, and came to the house of Ahijah. The prophet could not 
see, by reason of his age ; but the Lord had told him that she 
would come in disguise. And when he heard the sound of 
her feet at the door, he said, Come in, thou wife of Jeroboam ; 
w^hy feignest thou thyself to be another ? for I am sent to thee 
with heavy tidings. The prophet said, As the kingdom had 
been rent away from the house of David and given to Jero- 
boam, and yet he had not kept his commandments, but had 
done evil above all that were before him, therefore the Lord 
would bring evil upon Jeroboam. A king should be raised 
up in Israel who would cut off all the house of Jeroboam ; 
and the Lord should smite Israel and root them out of the 
good land given to them, and scatter them beyond the river, 
because of the sins of Jeroboam. His child also should die • 
but this was a mercy, because some good was found in the 
child toward the Lord : he should therefore be the only one 
of all Jeroboam's house who should thus come to his grave, 
and all Israel should mourn for him. It happened as the 
prophet predicted. When she came to the threshold of the 
door the child died : and all Israel mourned for him. 

34, What was the length of Jeroboam's reign? 

Twenty-two years. He lived about two years after the 
death of Ahijah.^ 

1 The government of Jeroboam exhibits but one idea — that of raising a barrier 
against the reunion of the tribes. Of this idea he was the slave and victim ; and 



196 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 958. 

OHAPTEE lY. 

KEHOBOAM. — ABIJAH. — ASA. 

2 Cheon. Ch. XL }— 35. "What is related of the first three years of Ee- 
hoboam's reign? 

He dwelt in Jerusalem, and built cities for a defence, and 
the priests and Levites that were in all Israel resorted to him ; 
and others out of all the tribes of Israel, even such as set their 
hearts to seek the Lord God, came to Jerusalem to sacrifice 
to the God of their fathers, and they strengthened the king- 
dom. Of his wives, he best loved Maachah, the daughter 
of Absalom; and Abijah, her son, he made ruler over his 
brethren, for he thought to make him king. 

Ch. XII.} — 36. What is said of the remainder of his reign? 

After Rehoboam was established in the kingdom, he for- 
sook the law of the Lord, and all Israel with him ; and 
Shishak, king of Egypt, came against him with an innumer- 
able multitude, took the fenced cities of Judah, and came to 
Jerusalem. The prophet Shemaiah came to Rehoboam and 
to the princes of Judah, and said to them. Thus saith the 
Lord, Ye have forsaken me, and therefore have I also left 
you in the hand of Shishak. The princes and the king then 
humbled themselves, and said. The Lord is righteous. And 
when the Lord saw that they humbled themselves, the 
prophet was sent to assure them that his wrath should not be 
poured out upon Jerusalem by the hand of Shishak, but the}^ 
should be his servants. Shishak came and took away the 
treasures of the house of the Lord, and of the king's house, 
and the shields of gold which Solomon had made ; instead of 

although the barrier which he raised was effectual for its purpose, it only served to 
show the weakness of the man who could deem needful that protection for his 
separate interests which such a barrier offered. — (Kitto.) 



A. M. 3047.] ABIJAH, SON OF REHOBOAM. 197 

which, Rehoboam made shields of brass (a fit emblem of the 
difference between his ovvm power and that of his renowned 
predecessor). He was forty-one years old when he began to 
reign, and he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem. He did 
evil, because he prepared not his heart to seek the Lord. 

Ch. XIII.} — 37. Who succeeded Rehoboam, and what of his reign? 

His son Abijah succeeded, as the second king of Judah, b. c. 
958. He began to reign in the eighteenth year of Jeroboam, 
and there was war between these two kings. It is supposed 
that Jeroboam, after the death of Kehoboam, wished to subdue 
the two tribes. This was a short but active reign, continuing 
only three years, and famous for a signal victory over liie 
forces of Jeroboam. 

88. How large an army had each king ? 

Abij all's army consisted of 400,000 chosen men ; Jero- 
boam's, of 800,000. 

39. Give Abijali's speech to the opposing army. 

He stood upon an eminence in Mount Ephraim, and said, 
Hear me, thou Jeroboam, and all Israel : ought ye not to know 
that the Lord God of Israel gave the kingdom over Israel to 
David forever, even to him and to his sons by a covenant of 
salt ? Yet Jeroboam the son of Nebat, the servant of Solomon 
the son of David, is risen up and hath rebelled against his lord. 
And there are gathered unto him vain men, the children of 
Belial, and have strengthened themselves against Rehoboam, 
the son of Solomon. And now ye think to withstand the 
kingdom of the Lord, in the hands of the sons of David ; and 
ye be a great multitude, and there are with you golden calves 
which Jeroboam made you for gods. Have ye not cast out 
the priests of the Lord, the sons of Aaron, and the Levites, 
and made you priests after the manner of the nations of 
other lands? But as for us, the Lord is our God, and we 
have not forsaken him ; and the priests which minister unto 
the Lord are the sons of Aaron, and the Levites wait upon 



198 BIBLE HISTOKY. [b. c. 941. 

their business. And they burn unto the Lord, every morning 
and evening, burnt-sacrifices and sweet incense ; the show- 
bread also they set in order upon the pure table ; and the 
candlestick of gold with the lamps thereof, to burn every 
evening : for we keep the charge of the Lord our God ; but 
ye have forsaken him. And behold, God himself is with us 
for our captain, and his priests with sounding trumpets to cry 
alarm against you. O children of Israel, fight ye not against 
the Lord God of your fathers ; for ye shall not prosper. 

40. Give an account of the battle. 

Jeroboam caused an ambushment to come about behind 
the men of Judah, so that wdien they looked behind, behold 
the battle was before and behind; and they cried unto the 
Lord, and the priests sounded with the trumpets. Then the 
men of Judah gave a shout, and as the men shouted, God 
smote Jeroboam and all Israel before Abijah and Judah. 
There fell that day of Israel five hundred thousand chosen 
men. This is said to be a greater number than we read of 
being killed in any other battle. Abijah pursued after Jero- 
boam, and took Bethel and many other towns from Israel. 
Jeroboam did not recover strength again in the days of 
Abij ah. 

41. What is said of Abijah in 1 Kings xv. 3, 4 ? 

He walked in all the sins of his father, which he had done 
before him ; and his heart was not perfect with the Lord his 
God. as the heart of David his father. JSTevertheless, for 
David's sake did the Lord his God give him a lamp in Jeru- 
salem, to set up his son after him, and to establish Jerusalem. 

Oh. XIV.}— 42. Who succeeded Abijah? 

His son Asa, the third king of Judah, b. c. 956. 

43, Give some account of his reign. 

It was long and happy. His first acts were to destroy the 
idols, abolish idolatry, and revive the pure worship of God. 
In his days the land was quiet ten years. As Asa was very 



A. M. 30()4.] ASA. 199 

young at his accession, the affairs of the government were 
administered by his mother, or, according to some, his grand- 
mother Maachah, who is "understood to have been a grand- 
daughter of Absalom. She gave much encouragement to 
idolatry, and made an image in a grove ; but the young king, 
on assuming the reins of government, removed her from 
being queen, destroyed her idol, and zealously rooted out the 
idolatrous practices which had grown up during his minority, 
and during the preceding reigns. 

44. What was the number of Asa's soldiers ? 
Five hundred and eighty thousand. 

45. "Who came against him ? 

Zerah, the Ethiopian, with a host of a thousand thousand, 
and three hundred chariots.^ 

46. From whom did Asa seek assistance, and what was his petition ? 
Asa cried unto the Lord, and said. Lord, it is nothing with 

thee to help, whether with many or with them that have no 
power. Help us, O Lord our God, for we rest in thee, and 
in thy name we go against this multitude. O Lord, thou art 
our God ; let not men prevail against thee. 

47. What was the result of the battle ? 

The Ethiopians were overthrown, and their cities spoiled.^ 

Ch. XY,} — 48. What prophet met Asa returning from the conquest, 
and what did he say to him ? 

Azariah, the son of Oded, went out to meet Asa, and said 

' The chariots were driven among the ranks of enemies, and having at their sides 
sharp instruments hke scythes, were peculiarly formidable in war. Josh. xxii. 18 ; 
Jitdg. i. 19. 

2 The original term, so often rendered Ethiopia in the Old Testament, in con- 
formity to the Septuagint, is Cush, wliich is generally thought to be Arabia. Ethi- 
opia is a country in the central part of Africa ; and it is hardly to be supposed that 
so large an army as Zerah's would be brought through the intervening kingdoms 
of Abyssinia, Nubia, and Egypt to invade Judsea; much less is it to be supposed 
that Asa and his troops would pursue them back to their own country, destroy 
their cities, and carry away sheep and cattle in abundance. The wife of Moses i8 
called an Ethiopian, but we know that she was of Midian, in the land of Arabia. 



200 BIBLE HTS'l'ORY. [b. c. 914. 

to him, and to all Judah and Benjamin, The Lord is with 
you while ye be with him ; and if ye seek him, he will be 
found of you, but if ye forsake him, he will forsake you. Be 
ye strong, therefore, and let not your hands be weak, for 
your work shall be rewarded. And when Asa heard these 
words he took courage, and put away the abominable idols 
out of the cities he had takem 

49. What covenant did the people make ? 

When the people saw that the Lord was with Asa, they 
gathered to him out of Judah and Benjamin, and the stran- 
gers w^ith them out of Ephraim and Manasseh, and out of 
Simeon, and out of Israel, in abundance. And they entered 
into a covenant to seek the Lord God of their fathers with all 
their heart and all their soul, and tliat whosoever would not 
seek him should be put to death. They swjjre unto the Lord 
with shouting and trumpets, and rejoiced, for they sought 
him with their whole desire, and he was found of them.^ 

50. For how long had the land rest ? 

Until the thirty-fifth year of Asa's reign. 

On. XVI.} — 51. Who renewed the war between the two kingdoms? 
Give some account of it. 

Baasha, king of Israel. He took Ramah, and went on to 
fortify it. Asa took the wealth of the temple, and sent to 
Benhadad, requesting him to break his league with Baasha, 
join him, and invade the kingdom of Baasha. Benhadad 
did so, and sent his captains, who smote Ijon, Dan, and 
Abel-maim, and all the store-cities of ITaphtali, and recov- 
ered Ramah. 

52. How was Asa reproved, and what was his treatment of the 
prophet ? 

Hanani, the seer, came to him and reproved him for rely- 



1 It was this clear knowledge of his dependent political position on the God of 
his fathers, which won for Asa the highest praise that could be given to a Jewish 
king — that he walked in the steps of his ancestor, David. 



A. M. 3091.] ASA. 201 

ing on the King of Syria, and not on the Lord. Asa acted 
against his own interest, in that he had lost an opportunity 
of checkiDg the growing greatness of the King of Syria : 
" Because thou hast relied on the King of Syria, and not re- 
lied on the Lord thy God, therefore is the host of the King 
of Syria escaped out of thy liand." He acted against his 
own experience : '' "VYere not the Ethiopians and the Ln- 
bims a huge host, with very many chariots and horsemen ? 
Yet because thou didst rely on the Lord, he delivered them 
into thy hand." He acted against his knowledge of the 
providence of God : " For the eyes of the Lord run to and 
fro throughout the whole earth, to show himself strong in the 
behalf of them whose heart is perfect toward him. Herein 
thou hast done foolishly ; therefore from henceforth thou 
shalt have wars." 

Asa was in a rage with the prophet, and put him in a 
prison-house. He oppressed some of the people, also, at the 
same time ; probably those who manifested their disappro- 
bation. 

53. "What is mentioned to his reproacli in the three last years of his 
life? 

He placed too much confidence in the physicians. " He 
sought not to the Lord, but to the physicians." 

54. Give some account of his deatli and burial. 

He died in the forty-first year of his reign. They buried 

him in his own sepulchers, which he had made for himself in 

the city of David, and laid him in the bed which was filled 

with sweet odors and divers kinds of spices, prepared by the 

apothecaries' art ; and they made a very great burning for 

him. 

9» 



202 BIBLE HISTORY, [b. o. 910. 



CHAPTER Y. 

NADAB. BAASHA. ELAH. ZIMEI. OMRI. AHAB. ELIJAH FED 

BY TPIE RAVENS. BY A WIDOW AT ZAEEPHATH. ELIJAH MEETS 

AHAB. BY FIRE CONVINCES BAAl's PROPHETS. 

55. Mention the six kings of Israel that succeeded Jeroboam. 

Nadab, Baasha, Elah, Zimri, Omri, Ahab. 

1 Kings. Oh. XY. 25. [—56. What can you say of Nadab ? 

He was the son and successor of Jeroboam, and the second 
king of Israel (b. c. 954). He reigned two years, and did 
evil in the sight of the Lord. He was engaged in the siege 
of Gibbethon, of which the Philistines had obtained posses- 
sion, when he was slain in the camp, in a conspiracy formed 
against him by Baasha. 

57. What of Baasha ? 

He was the third king of Israel (b. c. 953), of the tribe of 
Issachar, and the murderer of E'adab. He smote all the 
house of Jeroboam, fulfilling the prophecy of Ahijah, on 
account of the sins of Jeroboam and all Israel. And there 
was war between Baasha and Asa all his days. He was 
buried at Tirzah, where he had reigned twenty-four years. 

Oh. XYI. }— 58. What of Elah ? 

He was the son of Baasha, and the fourth king of Israel. 
He began to reign b. c. 930, and reigned two years. He was 
assassinated while drunk, and all his kinsfolk and friends cut 
off by Zimri, captain of half his chariots. The prediction of 
Jehu, the prophet, was thus accomplished. Yer. 7. 

59. What of Zimri? 

He was the fifth king of Israel, and reigned seven days in 
Tij'zah. When the army which was encamped against Gib- 



A. M. 30f)5.] OMRL— AHAB. 208 

bethon heard that Zimri had slain the king, they made Omri, 
tlie captain of the host, king over Israel in the camp. Omri 
besieged Tirzah and took it. When Zimri saw that the city 
was taken, he went into the king's palace, set it on fire, and 
perished in it, — for his sins in walking in the way of Jero- 
boam, and for making Israel to sin. 

60. What of Omri ? 

He was the sixth king of Israel, began to reign b. c. 929, 
and reigned twelve years. He was raised to the throne by 
the army while it was engaged in the siege of Gibbethon, 
when news came to the camp of the death of Elah and the 
usurpation of Zimri. He then went and besieged Zimri in 
Tirzah. But he was no sooner delivered of this rival, than 
another appeared in the person of Tibni, whom half of the 
people had raised to the throne. This occasioned a civil war 
which lasted six years, when he was left undisputed master 
of the throne. His reign lasted six years more, and its chief 
event was the foundation of Samaria, which thenceforth be- 
came the capital city of the kingdom of Israel. 

61. Whatof Ahab? 

He was the son of Omri, the seventh king of Israel. He 
began to reign b. c. 918, in the thirty-eighth year of Asa, and 
reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty-two years. He did 
evil in the sight of the Lord above all that were before him. 
He took to wife Jezebel, daughter of the king of the Zidoni- 
ans, and served Baal and worshiped him. 

62. What prediction was fulfilled in his day ? 

According to the word of the Lord which he spake by 
Joshua the son of Kun, Hiel the Bethelite built Jericho. 
He laid the foundation thereof in Abiram his first-born, and 
set up the gates thereof in his youngest son, Segub. Josh. 
vi. 26. 

Ch. XVII.} — 63. Who was Elijah, and what his first prophecy? 
His name signifies, My God is Jehovah. He was a prophet 



204 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 906. 

whom the Scriptures introduced to our notice like anotlier 
Melchisedek, without any mention of iiis father or mother, or 
of the beginning of his days ; as if he had dropt out of that 
cloudy chariot which, after his work was done on earth, con- 
veyed him back to heaven. He said to Ahab, As the Lord 
God of Israel liveth before whom I stand, there shall not be 
dew^ nor rain these years, but according to my word. 

64. Where did God send Elijah, and how was he fed ? 

First to the brook Cherith, that is before Jordan. God said 
to him, "Thou shalt drink of the brook, and I have com- 
manded the ravens to feed thee there." And the ravens 
brought him bread and flesh, morning and evening, and he 
drank of the brook. Second, God sent him to a widow of 
Zarephath, and commanded her to sustain him. Elijah went 
to Zarephath, met the widow at the gate gathering sticks, and 
asked her to bring him a little water and bread. She replied 
that she had only a handful of meal and a little oil, and she 
was gathering tw^o sticks to dress it for herself and her son, 
that they might eat it and die. Elijah directed her to make 
a little cake for him first, and afterward for herself and her 
son ; and he promised her that the barrel of meal should not 
waste nor the cruse of oil fail, until the Lord sent rain. She 
did so ; and the barrel of meal did not w^aste, nor the. cruse 
of oil fail, according to the word of the Lord. 

65. What recompense did Elijah make this widow? 

He not only kept her alive, but when her son died, restored 
him to life and to her. The son of the widow fell sick and 
died. And she said to Elijah, What have I to do wdth thee, 
O thou man of God? Art thou come unto me to call my sin 
to remembrance, and to slay my son ? Elijah took her son 
and carried him to his own bed ; and he cried unto the Lord 
and said, O Lord my God, hast thou also brought evil upon 
the widow with whom I sojourn, by slaying her son? And 
he stretched himself upon the child three times, and cried 
unto the Lord, and said, Lord my God, I pray thee, let this 



A. M. 3099.] ELIJAH CONVINCES BAAL'S PROPHETS. 205 

child's soul come into liim again. And the Lord heard the 
voice of Elijah, and the child revived, and Elijah brought 
him to his mother and said, See, thy son liveth. 

Ch. XYIII.} — 66. What message did Elijah receive of the Lord? 
Go show thyself unto Ahab ; and I will send rain upon the 
earth. 

67. Who was Obadiah? Give an account of Elijah's meeting with 
him. 

He was a man that feared God greatly ; and when Jezebel 
cut off the prophets of the Lord, Obadiah hid one hundred of 
them, and fed them with bread and water. He was at this 
time engaged with Ahab in finding grass by the brooks to 
keep the horses and mules alive. While thus employed, 
Elijah met him, and Obadiah thus addressed him : Art thou 
my lord Elijah? And he answered, I am. ^ Go tell thy 
lord, Behold, Elijah is. here. Obadiah was afraid to do so, 
lest Ahab should slay him. Yet, on Elijah's assuring him 
that he would see Ahab himself, Obadiah went to meet 
Ahab. 

68. Give an account of Elijah's meeting with Ahab. 

When Ahab saw Elijah he said unto him. Art thou he that 
troubleth Israel ? Elijah replied : I have not troubled Israel, 
but thou and thy father's house, in that ye have forsaken the 
commandments of the Lord and served Baalim. Elijah then 
directed him to gather together all Israel unto Mount Carmel, 
and the prophets of Baal four hundred and fifty, and the 
jDrophets of the groves four hundred, which did eat at Jeze- 
bel's table. And Ahab gathered them together at Mount 
Carmel. 

€9. How did Elijah convince the people that Jehovah is the true God? 

He said to them. How long halt ye between two opinions ? 
If the Lord be God, follow him ; but if Baal, follow him : 
and the people answered him not a word. Then he said to 
them, I, even I, only remain a prophet of the Lord ; but Baal's 



206 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 906. 

prophets are four hundred and fifty men. Let them therefore 
give us two bullocks ; and let them choose one bullock for 
themselves, and cut it in pieces, and lay it on wood, and put 
no fire under ; and I will dress the other bullock, and lay it 
on wood, and put no fire under : and call ye on the name of 
your gods, and I will call on the name of the Lord ; and the 
God that answereth by fire, let him be God. And all the 
people answered and said, It is well spoken. And they took 
the bullock, and called on the name of Baal from morning 
even until noon, saying, O Baal, hear us ! but there was no 
voice, nor any that answered. And they leaped upon the 
altar which was made. And at noon Elijah mocked them, 
and said. Cry aloud ; for he is a god : either he is talking, or 
he is pursuing, or he is in a journey, or peradventure he 
sleepeth, and must be awaked. And they cried aloud, and 
cut themselves after their manner, with knives and lancets, 
till the blood gushed out upon them. And they prophesied 
until the time of the evening sacrifice, and there was no voice 
nor answer. And Elijah said unto all the people, Come near 
unto me. And he repaired the altar of the Lord that was 
broken down : and he took twelve stones, according to the 
number of the tribes, and built an altar in the name of the 
Lord ; and he made a trench about the altar, put the wood 
in order, laid the bullock on the wood, and commanded them 
to fill four barrels with water, and pour it on the sacrifice and 
on the wood, and do it three times ; and the water ran about 
the altar and filled the trench. 

Elijah^ s Prayer. — At the time of the ofi'ering of the evening 
sacrifice, Elijah came near and said, Lord God of Abraham, 
Isaac, and of Israel, let it be known this day that thou art 
God in Israel, and that I am thy servant, and that I have 
done all these things at thy word. Hear me, O Lord, hear 
me ; that this people may know that thou art the Lord God, 
and that thou hast turned their heart back again. 

The Result. — Then the fire of the Lord fell and consumed 
the burnt-sacrifice, and the wood, and the stones, and the 



A. M. 3099.] ELIJAH FLEES FROM JEZEBEL. 207 

dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench. And 
when all the people saw it, they fell on their faces ; and they 
said, The Lord, he is the God : the Lord, he is the God. 

The Fate of BaaVs Prc/phets. — Elijah said. Take the proph- 
ets of Baal; let not one of them escape. And they took 
them ; and Elijah brought them down to the brook Kishon, 
and slew them there. 

TO. What directions did Elijah give Ahab ? 

Get thee up, eat and drink ; for there is a sound of abund- 
ance of rain. Ahab rode and went to Jezreel, and Elijah 
accompanied him. 



CHAPTER YI. 

ELIJAH FLEES FEOM JEZEBEL AND MEETS GOD AT HOEEB. 

AHAb's victory over BENHADAD, king of SYRIA. AHAB, 

BY JEZEBEL, OBTAINS NABOTh's VINEYARD. HE IS SLAIN 

AT RAMOTH-GILEAD. 

1 KiXGS. Ch. XIX.}— 71. When Ahab informed Jezebel of all Elijah 
had done, what message did she send to him 1 

So let the gods do to me, and more also, if I make not thy 
life as the life of one of them by to-morrow about this time. 

72. Give an account of Elijah's journey to Horeb, with the incidents on 
the way. 

When he heard Jezebel's message, he went a day's journey 
into the wilderness. He sat down under a juniper-tree, and 
despondingly said, It is enough ; now, O Lord, take aw^ay my 
life ; for I am not better than my fathers. And as he lay 
and slept, an angel touched him, and said unto him. Arise 
and eat. And he looked and there was a cake baked on the 
coals and a cruse of water at his head, and he did eat and 
drink and laid him down again. The angel came to him the 



208 BIBLE HISTORY. [b.c. f)01. 

second time, saying, Arise and eat, because tlie journey is 
too great for thee. Elijah did so, and went in the strength 
of that meat forty daj^s and forty nights, unto Horeb, the 
mount of God. He came thither unto a cave and lodged 
there. 

73. "Why was Horeb called the mount of God ? 

Because on it God manifested his glory, especially at the 
giving of the law. Perhaps Elijah lodged in the same cave 
or cleft of rock in which Moses was hidden when the Lord 
passed by before him, and proclaimed, The Lord, the Lord' 
God merciful and gracious, long-suiFering, and abundant in 
goodness and truth. Ex. xxxiv. 6. 

74. What did God there reveal to him? 

He asked him first,- "What doest thou here, Elijah? And 
he said, I have been very jealous for the Lord God of hosts ; 
for the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant, thrown 
down thine altars, and slain thy prophets with the sword ; 
and I, even I only, am left ; and they seek my life to take it 
away. And the Lord said. Go forth, and stand upon the 
mount before the Lord. And behold, the Lord passed by, 
and a great and strong wind rent the mountains, and brake 
in pieces the rocks before the Lord ; but the Lord was not in 
the wind : and after the wind an earthquake ; but the Lord 
was not in the earthquake: and after the earthquake a fire ; 
but the Lord was not in the fire : and after the fire a still 
small voice. When Elijah heard it, he wrapped his face in 
his mantle and went out and stood in the entering of the cave. 
And again the Lord asked him, What doest thou here, Elijah ? 
And Elijah replied as at the first time. After that the Lord 
directed him to return to the wilderness of Damascus, and 
anoint Hazael to be king over Syria, Jehu king over Israel, 
and Elisha prophet in his place. These persons were to re- 
venge God's quarrels. One should begin, another should 
prosecute, and the third perfect the vengeance on Israel. 
God then informed Elijah of his mistake in supposing that he 



A. M. 3104.] ARAB'S VICTORY OVER P.ENHADAD. 209 

only was left, by assuring him there were seven thousand in 
Israel who had not bowed the knee to Baal. 

75. What was then one of the first acts of Elijah ? 

Anointing Elisha. He found Elisha plowing, and without 
saying a word, cast his mantle over him, — a symbol of his 
being clothed with God's spirit. The impression on Elisha 
was such that he left all and followed him. 

Ch. XX.} — 76. Give some account of the war between Benhadad and 
Ahab. 

Benhadad gathered his host together, and thirty-two kiugs 
with him, and went up and besieged Samaria. He sent mes- 
sengers to Ahab, saying. Thus saith Benhadad, Thy silver 
and thy gold are mine ; thy wives also and thy children, even 
the goodliest are mine. The King of Israel answered. My 
lord, king, according to thy saying I am thine, and all that 
I have. Benhadad then sent messengers again, saying that he 
w^ould not only take these things, but that he would send his 
servants, and they should search his house, and the houses of 
his servants, and whatever was pleasant in Ahab's eyes they 
should take away. Then the King of Israel called a council 
of the elders of the land, and informed them of the messages 
of Benhadad, and they told him not to consent. When Ben- 
hadad heard this he sent to Ahab, saying, The gods do so to 
me, and more also, if the dust of Samaria shall suffice for 
handfuls for all the people that follow me. 

The Prophet'' s Message. — Then came a prophet unto Ahab, 
king of Israel, saying. Thus saith the Lord, Hast thou seen all 
this great multitude ? Behold, I will deliver it into thy hand 
this day ; and thou shalt know that I am the Lord. 

Result of the Battle. — Benhadad was drunk in his pavil- 
ions, with the kings that helped him ; and the young men of 
the princes of the provinces came out with the army, and 
they slew every one liis man. And the Syrians fled, and 
Israel pursued them ; and Benhadad, the king of Syria, 
escaped on a horse with the horsemen. And Ahab went out 



210 BIBLE HISTORY. [b o. 899. 

and smote the horses and chariots, and slew the Syrians with 
a great slaughter, 

77. What was the second message the prophet brought to Ahab ? 
He directed the king to strengthen himself, for at the re- 

tm-n of the year the King of Syria would again come up 
against him. 

78. What did the servants of Benhadad say of the gods of the King of 

Israel ? 

Their gods are gods of the hills, therefore they were 
stronger than we ; but let us fight against them in the plain, 
and surely we shall be stronger than they. And do this 
thing : take the kings away, every man out of his place, and 
put captains in their rooms, and raise an army like the one 
lost. Benhadad did so, and at the return of the year went up 
against Israel. 

79. What encouragement did the prophet give Ahab ? 

Thus saith the Lord, Because the Syrians have said. The 
Lord is God of the hills, but he is not God of the valleys, 
therefore w^ill I deliver all this great multitude into thy hands, 
and ye shall know that I am the Lord. 

80. Give an account of the second campaign. 

The armies were pitched one over against the other for 
seven days. The Israelites appeared like two little flocks of 
kids ; but the Syrians filled the country. On the seventh 
day the battle was joined. The Israelites were victorious, 
and slew one hundred thousand of the Syrians. The rest 
fled to Aphek, and there a wall fell upon twenty-seven thou- 
sand of them. (Caused probably by an earthquake.) 

81. How did Ahab treat Benhadad ? 

Benhadad's servants suggested to him that the kings of 
Israel were merciful kings. So they put on sackcloth, and 
ropes on their heads, and went to Ahab and said, Thy servant 
Benhadad saith I pray thee let me live. And Ahab called 



A.M. 3106] AH AB COVETS NABOTH'S VINEYARD. 211 

him his brother, and sent for him and took him up into his 
chariot, and made a covenant with him. And Benhadad said 
unto him. The cities which my father took from thj father, 
I w^ill restore ; and thou shalt make streets for thee in Da- 
mascus, as my father made in Samaria. Then said Ahab, I 
will send thee away with this covenant. So he made a cov- 
enant with him and sent him away. 

82. How did a prophet show Ahab his sin in saving Benhadad ? 

With some difficulty the prophet got himself wounded, for 
he would not do it with his own hands. One of his brother 
prophets declined doing it, — we cannot but think from a good 
principle ; yet because he disobeyed an express command of 
God, like another disobedient prophet (chap. xiii. 24), he was 
presently slain by a lion. This was intended not only to show 
in general how provoking disobedience is, but to intimate to 
Ahab, that if a good prophet was thus punished for sparing his 
friend and God's friend when God said, Sinite, of how much 
sorer punishment should a wicked king be thought worthy who 
spared his enemy and God's enemy, when God said, Smite. 
The prophet charged himself with such a crime as the king 
was now guilty of in sparing Benhadad, and waited for the 
king's judgment upon it. It was the case of one who, through 
carelessness, permitted a prisoner to escape. The king de- 
cided. Thy life shall be for his life. Then the prophet pat 
off his disguise, and Ahab knew him. The prophet plainly 
told him, Because thou hast let go out of thy hand a man 
•whom the Lord appointed to utter destruction, therefore thy 
life shall go for his life, and thy people for his people. 

Ch. XXI.}— 83. "What request did Ahab make of Kabotli, and Ka- 
both's reply ? 

Ahab said, Give me thy vineyard, that I may have it for 
a garden of herbs, because it is near unto my house ; and I 
will give thee a better vineyard, or the "worth of it in money. 
Naboth refused, and said. The Lord forbid that I should give 



212 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 897. 

the inheritance of my fathers unto thee. And Ahab was 
very sad. 

84. How did Jezebel procure this vineyard for him ? 

She wrote letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set ISTabotli 
on high among the people : and set two men, sons of Belial, 
before him, to bear witness against him, saying, Thou didst 
blaspheme God and the king ; and then carry him out and 
stone him, that he may die. They did as she directed, after 
which Ahab took possession of the vineyard. 

85. What message did the Lord send to Ahab? 

The Lord sent Elijah to Ahab in the vineyard, to say to 
him. Thus saith the Lord, In the place where dogs licked the 
blood of Naboth, shall dogs lick thy blood. 

86. How did Ahab salute Elijah? 

Thus : Hast thou found me, O mine enemy ? 

87. What was Elijah's reply? 

I have found thee. Behold, I will bring evil upon thee, 
and will make thy house like the house of Jeroboam, and 
like the house of Baasha, for the provocation wherewith thou 
hast provoked me to anger. And the dogs shall eat Jezebel 
by the wall of Jezreel. Him that dieth of Ahab in the city, 
the dogs shall eat, and him that dieth in the field shall the 
fowls of the air eat. 

88. What effect had these predictions of the prophet on Ahab ? 
Ahab rent his clothes, put sackcloth upon his flesh, fasted, 

and lay in sackcloth, and went softly. 

89. Did God show him any favor? 

He did. Because he humbled himself, God would not 
bring on him the evil in his days, but in his son's days. 

Oh. XXIL} — 90. Give an account of Ahab's death. 

He died of the wounds he had received in a battle with 
the Syrians, according to the prediction of Micaiah, which 
the king disbelieved, but endeavored to guard against by 
disguising himself in the action. 



A. M. 3108.] REIGN OF JEHOSHAPHAT. 213 



CHAPTEE YII. 

THE PIOUS AND PKOSPEROUS BEIGN OF JEHOSHAPHAT. 

2 Cheon". Ch. XYII.} — 91. Who was the next king of Judah, after 
Asa? 

Jehoshapliat, the fourth king of Judah, the son of Asa, 
whom he succeeded (b. c. 915) at the age of thirty-five. He 
reigned twenty-five years. 

92. What is said of Jehoshaphat and his kingdom ? 

To check the growing greatness of Israel, he placed forces 
in all the fenced cities of Judah, and set garrisons in the 
cities of Ephraim, taken by Asa his father, and the Lord 
was with him because he walked in the first ways of David, 
and not in the ways of Baalim. The Lord established the 
kingdom in his hand ; the people of Judah brought presents 
to him, and he had riches and honor in abundance. 

93. Whom did Jehoshaphat appoint as teachers for his kingdom? 
He sent his princes, with priests and Levites, and they 

taught in Judah, and had the book of the law of the Lord 
with them, and went about throughout all the cities of Ju- 
dah, and taught the people. 

94. What is said of his influence ? 

The fear of the Lord fell upon all the kingdoms round 
about, so that they made no war against him, but sought his 
favor by bringing presents to him. 

Ch. XVIII. \ — 95. What request did Ahab make of Jehoshaphat? Give 
an account of the interview between them. 

Ahab requested Jehoshaphat to go with him to Ramoth- 
gilead, which had belonged to the Israelites, but was now in 
the hand of the King of Syria. And Jehoshaphat answered 



214 BIBLE HISTORY. [b.c.896. 

him, I am as thou art, and my people as thy people, and we 
will be with thee in the war. But first he said to Ahab, In- 
quire at the word of the Lord. 

96. Did Ahab follow this advice? 

He gathered four hundred prophets, and inquired of them, 
Shall we go to Ramoth-gilead to battle, or shall I forbear ? 
And they answered, Go up, for God will deliver it into the 
king's hand. Jehoshaphat then inquired if there was not a 
prophet of the Lord besides, that they might inquire of him. 
And Ahab said, " There is yet one man, but T hate him, for 
he never prophesieth good concerning me, but always evil. 
The same is Micaiah, the son of Imla." But at the request of 
Jehoshaphat, Micaiah was sent for. 

97. What was the advice of Ahab's messenger to Micaiah ? 

The words of the prophets declare good to the king, with 
one consent. Let thy word, I pray thee, be like one of theirs, 
and speak thou good. 

98. What was Micaiah's answer to him, and to the king? 

To the messenger : As the Lord liveth, even what my God 
saith, that will I speak. 

To the king, he said, that he saw all Israel scattered upon 
the mountains, as sheep without a shepherd ; and that the 
Lord had permitted a lying spirit to speak in the month of 
all the prophets, and entice Ahab to go up and fall at Ra- 
moth-gilead. See ver. 14-22. 

99. How was Micaiah insulted, and what was his reply ? 
Zedekiah, one of the prophets of Ahab, smote him on the 

cheek, and said. Which way went the Spirit of the Lord from 
me to speak unto thee ? And Micaiah replied. Behold thou 
shalt see on that day when thou shalt go into an inner cham- 
ber to hide thyself. 

100. What were the results following this? 

.Ahab commanded, Put this fellow in prison, and feed him 



A. M. 3109.] REIGN OF JEHOSHAPHAT. 215 

with the bread of affliction, and the water of affliction, until 
I return in peace. And Micaiah said. If thou certainly re- 
turn in peace, then hath not the Lord spoken by me. Mi- 
caiah was thrown into prison. Jehoshaphat and the king of 
Israel went up to battle — Ahab in disguise. 

101. State the events of the battle. 

The King of Syria commanded his captains. Fight ye not 
with small or great, save only with the King of Israel. At 
first the Syrians were deceived, and thought that Jehosha- 
phat, who had put on his royal robes, was the King of Israel ; 
they turned aside to fight against him. But Jehoshaphat 
cried unto the Lord, and the Lord moved them to depart 
from him. Ahab did not escape. A certain man drew a 
bow at a venture, and smote the King of Israel between the 
joints of the harness. He died about the time of the sun's 
going down. Jehoshaphat returned to his house in peace. 

Ch. XIX.} — 102. How did Jehu the prophet reprove Jehoshaphat on 
his way back to Jerusalem ? 

Shouldst thou help the ungodly, and love them that hate 
the Lord ? Therefore is wrath upon thee from before the 
Lord. 

103. What direction did Jehoshaphat give his judges? 

Take heed what ye do ; for ye judge not for man but for 
the Lord, who is with you in the judgment. Wherefore now 
let the fear of the Lord be upon you ; take heed and do it : 
for there is no iniquity with the Lord our God, nor respect 
of persons, nor taking of gifts. 

Cn. XX.} — 104. By whom was the kingdom of Jehoshaphat invaded? 
By the Moabites, the Ammonites, and their auxiliaries. 

105. How did Jehoshaphat prepare to meet the invaders? 

He set himself to seek the Lord, and proclaimed a fast 
throughout all Judah. And all the men of Judah, with their 
wives and children, came together to seek help of the Lord : 



216 BIBLE HISTOEY. [b. c. 896. 

and Jehoshapliat stood among them all, in the house of the 
Lord, and prayed. 

106. What answer did he receive from the Lord? 

Be not afraid nor dismayed by reason of this great multi- 
tude ; for the battle is not yours, but God's. Ye shall not 
need to fight in this battle : set yourselves, stand ye still and 
see the salvation of the Lord. To-morrow go out against 
them ; for the Lord will be with you. The next day, when 
the people began to sing and to praise, the Lord set ambush- 
ments against the enemy, and they destroyed each other. 
The men of Judah were three days in gathering the spoil. 



CHAPTEK YIII, 



ELIJAH TAKEN TO HEAVEN. SUCCEEDED BY ELISHA. JEHOEAM 

AND JEHOSHAPHAT. DIVEES MIRACLES BY ELISHA. 

2 Kings. Oh. I. } — 107. What will you say of the next king of Israel ? 

Ahaziah, the son of Ahab, was the eighth successor to the 
throne of Israel. He began to reign b. c. 897, in the seven- 
teenth year of Jehoshaphat, and reigned two years. It seems 
that Jezebel exercised the same influence over her son that 
she had exercised over her husband ; and Ahaziah pursued 
the evil courses of his father. The signal event of his reign 
was the revolt of the Moabites. They took the opportunity 
of the death of Ahab to discontinue the payment of tribute 
to the Israelites. Ahaziah joined with Jehoshaphat to revive 
the maritime traffic by the Red Sea. 2 Chron. xx. 35-37. 

108. What happened to Ahaziah ; and what means did he take to 
ascertain his fate ? 

, He fell down through a lattice in his upper chamber, and 



A. M. 310J).] AHAZIAH'S MESSENGERS CONSUMED. 217 

was sick ; and lie sent messengers to inquire of Baalzebub, 
god of Ekron, if lie should recover. 

109. By whom were these messengers met, and what word did they 
receive ? 

The J were met by Elijah. The angel of the Lord dn^ectcd 
him to meet the messengers and say to them, Is it not because 
there is not a God in Israel that ye go to inquire of Baalzebub, 
the god of Ekron ? I^ow, therefore, thus saith the Lord, Thou 
shalt not come down from that bed on which thou art gone 
up, but shalt surely die. 

110. What was the effect of the message upon the king ; and how did 
he proceed ? 

He inquired what manner of man he was that had met 
them ; and when they described him as a hairy man, and girt 
with a girdle of leather about his loins, he said. It is Elijah the 
Tishbite ; and he sent a captain with fifty to apprehend him. 
They found him on the top of a hill, and called him to come 
down ; and Elijah said. If I be a man of God, then let fire 
come down from heaven and consume thee and thy fifty. 
And there came down fire from heaven and consumed them. 
The king then sent the same message by another captain 
with fifty, saying to him. Thou man of God, come down 
quickly ; and they were also consumed. He sent a third, 
who fell on his knees before Elijah, and besought him for his 
life and the lives of his company. As the angel of the Lord 
then directed, Elijah went down with them, and announced 
to the king, that because he had inquired of the god of Ekron, 
and not of the God of Israel, therefore he should not come 
down from his bed, but should surely die. This took place 
as Elijah predicted, and Ahaziah was succeeded by Jehoram. 

Ch. II,} — 111. How did Elijah spend his last moments? 

In imparting instruction to the students in the colleges of 
Bethel, Jericho, and Gilgal. 

112. What occurred between Elijah and Elisha previous to the depart- 
ure of the former? And give an account of the translation of Elijah. 

10 



218 BIBLE HISTOKY. [b. c. 895. 

Elijah wished either to be alone at the moment of being 
caught up to heaven, or, what is more probable, he was 
anxious to test the affection of Elisha (as Christ did that of 
Peter), and intimated to him not to accompany him on this 
tour, saying. Tarry here, I pray thee. But Elisha said to 
him, As the Lord liveth, and as thy soul liveth, I will not 
leave thee.' When they came to Bethel, the prophets there 
said to Elisha, Knowest thou that the Lord will take away 
thy master from thy head to-day? And he said, Yea, I know 
it ; hold ye your peace. This was repeated by the prophets 
at Jericho. They came to Jordan, and fifty of the sons of 
the prophets went and stood to view afar off ; and they two 
stood by Jordan. And Elijah took his mantle and wrapped 
it together, and smote the waters, and they were divided 
hither and thither, so that they two went over on dry ground. 
Elijah said to Elisha, Ask what I shall do for thee, before I 
shall be taken away from thee. And Elisha said, I pray thee, 
let a double portion of thy spirit be upon me. And he said, 
Thou hast asked a hard thing : nevertheless, if thou see me 
when I am taken from thee, it shall be so unto thee ; but if 
not, it shall not be so. And as they still went on and talked, 
behold, there appeared a chariot of fire, and horses of fire, 
and parted them both asunder, and Elijah went up by a 
whirlwind into heaven. And Elisha saw it, and he cried, 
My father ! my father ! the chariot of Israel, and the horse- 
men thereof ! 

113. What is next said of Elisha ? 

He took the mantle of Elijah that fell from him, and smote 
the waters of Jordan, and said, Where is the Lord God of 
Elijah ? And the waters parted, and Elisha went over. 
When the sons of the prophets at Jericho saw him, they said. 
The spirit of Elijah doth rest on Elisha. And they came to 
meet him, and bowed themselves to the ground. They then 
requested permission to seek his master, lest, peradventure, 
th^ Spirit of the Lord had taken him up and cast him upon 



A. M. 3110.] ELISHA.— JEHORAM. 219 

some mountain, or into some valley. And when they m-ged 
him till he was ashamed, he said. Send. They sent fifty men, 
and sought him three days, and found him not. 

114. What miracle did he perform at Jericho ? 

"With salt he purified the unwholesome waters. 

115. What occurred as he was going to the school of the prophets at 
Bethel ? 

Little children came out and mocked him, and said. Go 
up, thou bald head ; go up, thou bald head. And he turned 
back and looked on them, and cursed them in the name of 
the Lord. And there came forth two she-bears out of the 
wood, and tare forty-and-two children of them. 

(There was in the expressions of these children an admix- 
ture of rudeness, infidelity, and impiety. But the inhabitants 
of Bethel were to know, from bitter experience, that to dis- 
honor God's prophets was to dishonor himself; for Elisha was 
at the moment inspired to pronounce the judgment which at 
once took effect.) 

Ch. III.} — 116. Give an account of the next king of Israel. 

Jehoram was the ninth king of Israel, son of Ahab, and 
successor to his elder brother Ahaziah, who died childless. 
He began to reign b. c. 896, and reigned twelve years. He 
adhered to the sinful policy of Jeroboam in the matter of the 
golden calves, but discontinued the idolatries of Baal, which 
Jezebel had introduced. 

Ch. IV. I — 117. Kelate the miracle of the widow's oil. 

The widow of a pious prophet presented herself before 
Elisha, and informed him that her husband, having died in 
debt, her creditors were about to sell her two only sons, 
which they had the power to do, and against this she im- 
plored the prophet's assistance. Elisha inquired what she 
had of her own. She replied, that the only thing which she 
possessed was one pot of oil. By multiplying this, as did his 
predecessor Elijah in the case of the widow of Zarephath, he 



220 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 894. 

enabled her at once to pay her debts, and thereby preserve 
the liberty of her children. 

118. Eelate the miracle of restoring to life the woman of Shunem's 
son. 

This woman was rich and hospitable. Elisha, when passing 
that way, frequently turned in, and ate bread at her house. 
Out of gratitude he asked her what in return he could do 
for her, and after proposing several things, he promised her 
a son, — whom she received according to the promise. On a 
certain day this son died ; and the woman went to Elisha and 
fell at his feet, and entreated him to come and raise her son 
to life. Elisha did so and delivered him to his mother. See 
Eel. xi. 35. 

119. Give the miracle of the pottage. 

One of the prophets went out to gather herbs, and gathered 
wild gourds with them. While they were sitting to eat, one 
cried out, O thou man of God, there is death in the pot. And 
Elisha said. Bring meal. And he cast it into the pot, and 
said, Pour out for the people that they may eat. And there 
was no harm in the pot. 

120. Give the miracle of the loaves. 

Twenty loaves of barley, of the first-fruits, were brought to 
Elisha. He multiplied them and fed a hundred men. 



CHAPTER IX. 

ELISHA SENDS NAAMAN TO WASH IN THE JORDAN. BLINDS THE 

SYRIAN HOST. FAMINE IN SAMARIA. RECEIVES FOOD FROM 

THE SYRIAN CAMP. HAZAEL WARNED BY ELISHA. 

Oh. Y, [ — 121. Who was ISTaaman, and how did he hear of Elisha? 
Naaman was captain of the host of the King of Syria, a 
great man and honorable; he was also a mighty man of 



A. M. 3111.] ELISHA SENDS NAAMAN TO WASH. 221 

valor, but he was a leper. The Syrians had brought away 
captive, from the land of Israel, a little maid, who waited on 
l^aaman's wife ; and she said to her mistress. Would God 
my lord were with the prophet that is in Samaria, for he 
would recover him of his leprosy, — and it was told ISTaaman. 
ISTaaman went to see the prophet, with a letter from the King 
of Syria, ten talents of silver, six thousand pieces of gold, and 
ten changes of raiment. 

122. How was he cured? 

He presented the letter to the King of Israel, and when 
the king had read it, he rent his clothes, and said. Am I God, 
to kill and, to make alive, that this man doth send unto me to 
recover a man of his leprosy ? Wherefore consider, I pray 
you, and see how he seeketh a quarrel against me. Wlien 
Elisha heard this he sent to the king, saying. Wherefore 
hast thou rent thy clothes ? Let him come now to me, and 
he shall know that there is a prophet in Israel. ^Naaman then 
came to the door of Elisha, and Elisha sent a messenger to 
him, saying, Go and wash in Jordan seven times, and thou 
shalt be clean. On account of the simplicity of the prescrip- 
tion, I^aaman was enraged, and also because Elisha slighted 
his person, and sent orders by his servant instead of coming 
himself.^ He spoke in high terms of the rivers of Damascus, 
and scornfully of the waters of Israel.^ Are not Abana and 
Pharpar, rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of 
Israel ? May I not wash in them and be clean ? So he 
turned and went away in a rage. But his servants said to 
him, My father, if the prophet had bid thee do some great 
thing, wouldst thou not have done it? how much rather 
then, when he saith unto thee, Wash, and be clean ? Then 

1 The law of lepers, which Elisha would religiously observe, shut them out of 
society. 

^ Jordan was the river appointed, and if he expected a cure from the divine 
power, he must acquiesce in the divine will, without asking why or wherefore. It 
is common for those who are wise in their own conceits, to look with contempt on 
the dictates of divine wisdom, and prefer their own fancies before them. Eom. x. 3. 



222 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 893. 

went he down and dipped himself seven times in Jordan, ac- 
cording to the saying of the man of God ; and his flesh came 
again, lil?:e unto the flesh of a little child, and he was clean. 

123. What did IsTaaman say, when he returned to Elisha, and what 

was Elisha's reply ? 

Behold, now I know that there is no God in all the earth, 
but in Israel ; now, therefore, I pray thee take a blessing of 
thy servant. But Elisha said. As the Lord liveth before 
whom I stand, I will receive none. And he urged him to 
take it, but he refused. JSTaaman then asked for two mules' 
burden of earth, promising he would not ofl'er sacriflces unto 
any God but to the Lord. Yet he reserved to himself the 
lil)erty to bow in the house of Rimmon, in complaisance to 
his master, and according to the duty of his place at court. 
And Elisha said to him. Go in peace. So he departed.^ 

124. What is related of Elisha's servant, Gehazi ? 

Gehazi followed I^aaman, and told him that two of the 
sons of the prophets had come to his master's house ; and that 
his master had sent him for a talent of silver and two changes 
of raiilient. E"aaman urged him and he took two talents. 
Then he came and stood before Elisha, who said to him, 
Whence comest thou, Gehazi? And he said. Thy servant 
went no whither. Elisha then told him of his sin, and said, 
The leprosy of ISTaaman shall cleave unto thee, and to thy 
seed, forever. And he went out from Elisha a leper as 
white as snow. 

Ch. VI. }■ — 125. What miracle was performed when the prophets were 
preparing to enlarge their dwellings ? 



1 If, in covenanting with God, we make a reservation for any known sin which 
we will continue to indulge in, that reservation defeats the covenant. We must 
cast away all our transgressions, and not except any bowing in the house of Eim- 
mon. Though encouraged to pray for the remission of our sins, yet if we ask for a 
dispensation to go on in any sin for the future, we mock God and deceive ourselves. 
Those who know not how to quit a place at court, when they cannot keep it with- 
out sinning against God, and wronging their consciences, do not rightly value the 
divine favor. Those who truly hate sin, will abstain from all appearance of evil. 



A. M. 3112] FAMINE IN SAMARIA. 223 

As one was felling a beam, the ax-head fell into the water; 
and he cried, Alas, master ! for it was borrowed. Elisha cut 
down a stick and cast it in, and the iron did swim. 

126. In what way do we find the prophetic power of Elisha next 
displayed ? 

He informed the King of Israel of the designs and motions 
of his enemy. When it was told the King of Syria that it 
was Elisha who thus made known his plans, he sent a great 
host to take the prophet at Dothan. When the servant of 
Elisha saw the host, he said, Alas, my master, how shall we 
do ? Elisha said to him, Fear not, for they that be with us, 
are more than they that be with them. He then prayed that 
the eyes of his servant might be opened; and the servant 
saw the mountain full of horses and chariots of fire round 
about Elisha. Elisha prayed again to the Lord to smite the 
Syrian host with blindness, which was done ; and Elisha said 
to them. Follow me, and I will bring you to the man whom 
ye seek, but he led them into the midst of Samaria. Then 
their eyes were opened. He next directed the King of Israel 
to set before them bread and water, and send them to their 
master. The king did so, and they went away. 

127. Give an account of the famine in Samaria. 

When Benhadad, king of Syria, gathered all his host and 
went up and besieged Samaria, there w^as a great famine in 
the city. They besieged it until an ass's head was sold for 
fourscore pieces of silver, and the fourth part of a cab of 
dove's dung for five pieces of silver.^ 

128. As the king was passing on the wall, what complaint was brought 
to him ? 

A woman cried to him, Help, my lord, O king. And the 

J An ass's head has but little flesh on it ; and that, unsavory, unwholesome, and 
ceremonially unclean. Yet it sold for about fifty dollars, as some calculate : and a 
small quantity of fitches, or lentils, or some such coarse corn, then called dove's 
dung^ no more of it than the quantity of six eggs, for five pieces of silver, or a 
little more than three dollars. 



224 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 885. 

king said, If the Lord do not help thee, whence shall I help 
thee ? He lamented the emptiness of the floor and the wine- 
press, and thus acknowledged himself disabled to help unless 
God should help her. The king said, What aileth thee ? She 
then told him of her agreement with another woman, that 
they should eat her son first, and then the son of the other. 
She said her son had been boiled and eaten, and now the 
other woman had hid her son. Then the king rent his 
clothes, and declared that Elisha should be put to death. 

Ch. VII. [ — 129. How was relief afforded to Samaria? 

Elisha had foretold that, notwithstanding the great straits 
they were reduced to, within twenty-four hours they should 
have plenty. One of the king's lords doubted this, and said, 
Behold, if the Lord would make windows in heaven, might 
this thing be ? And Elisha answered him, Thou shalt see it 
with thine eyes, but shalt not eat thereof. 

The siege of Samaria was raised at twilight. The Syrians, 
when they besieged Dothan, had their sight imposed upon 
(chap. vi. 18) ; now, their hearing. For the Lord had made the 
host of Syrians to hear a noise of chariots, and the noise of 
horses, even the noise of a great host ; and they said one to 
another, Lo ! the King of Israel hath hired against us the 
kings of the Hittites, and the kings of the Egyptians to come 
upon us. Wherefore they arose and fled in the twilight, and 
left their tents, and their horses, and their asses, even the 
camp as it was, and fled for their life. 

Eour lepers that visited the camp, found it empty, and 
went and told the king. The king thought it a stratagem of 
the Syrians to call out the Israelites ; and he sent messengers 
who took horses and went after them unto Jordan, and found 
all the way full of garments and vessels which the Syrians 
had thrown away in their haste. And the people went out 
and found provisions in the camp of the Syrians, enough not 
only to supply themselves, but an overplus to sell for the 
benefit of others. And they spoiled the tents of the Syrians, 



A. M. 3120.] HAZAEL WARNED BY ELISHA. 225 

SO a measure of fine ilonr was sold for a shekel, and. two 
measures of barley for a shekel, according to the word of the 
Lord. 

130. What happened to the unbelieving lord? 

He was appointed by the king to have charge of the gate ; 
and the people trode upon him in the gate, and he died as 
Elisha had predicted. 

Oh. YIII.} — 131. How did Elisha and the king favor the Shunamite? 

Elisha, remembering her kindness to him wdien he was 
passing and repassing to the school of the prophets, gave her 
notice that a famine of seven years was to come on the land, 
and advised her to leave the country with her household, 
and sojourn elsewhere while the famine lasted. She went 
into the land of the Philistines. At the expiration of the 
time, she returned to Israel, and went to the king asking for 
her house and her land. The king's mind was prepared to 
favor her, for he had just been in conversation with Gehazi, 
who had been telling him the great things Elisha liad done, 
and among others, his raising her son to life. The king not 
only granted her request, but appointed an officer to restore 
all that ^vas hers, and all the fruits of the field since the day 
she left the land. 

132. For what purpose did Benhadad send to Elisha, and what were 
the circumstances resulting? 

Benhadad was sick ; and he sent Hazael, his prime minis- 
ter, to Elisha, with a present of the good things of Damascus, 
forty camels' burden. Hazael came before Elisha, and said, 
Thy son Benhadad (this was conforming to the language of 
Israel, who called the prophets, fathers), the king of Syria, 
hath sent me unto thee, saying, Shall I recover of this disease ? 
And Elisha said. Go, say unto him. Thou may est certainly 
recover; howbeit, the Lord hath showed me that he shall 
surely die. And he settled his countenance steadfastly, until 
he was ashamed : and the man of God wept. Elisha then 
told Hazael the great mischief he foresaw he would do to 

10« 



226 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 884. 

Israel : and Hazael in astonishment inquired, But what, is 
thy servant a dog that he should do this great thing ? Elisha 
answered, The Lord hath showed me that thou shalt be king 
over Syria. Hazael returned to Benhadad and informed him 
that the prophet said, he should surely recover ; but on the 
next day he murdered the king by spreading a thick cloth, 
dipped in water, on his face. Hazael then reigned in his 
stead. 



CHAPTEE X. 

THE INFAMOUS REIGNS OF JEHOEAM AND AHAZIAH. JEHU DE- 



2 Cheon. On. XXI.}— 133. Who succeeded Jehoshaphat ? 

His eldest son Jehoram. He was the fifth king of Judah, 
and began to reign b. c. 892, at the age of thirty-iive. He is 
supposed to have been associated with his father three years, 
and after that to have reigned five years alone. 

134. What was his character ? 

He walked in the ways of the kings of Israel. He married 
the daughter of Ahab and Jezebel ; slew all his brethren and 
many of the princes of Israel. 

135. What people revolted from Jehoram ? 

The Edomites revolted ; at the same time also did Libnah 
revolt — because he had forsaken the Lord God of his fathers. 

136. What further is related of him ? 

He made high places in the mountains of Israel, and 
caused the inhabitants of Jerusalem to commit fornication, 
and caused Judah to sin. For this he was reproved in a 
writing which came to him from Elijah the prophet, who said 
to him. Since he had made Judah to sin, and had slain his 
brethren which were better than he, God would smite his 



A. M. 3121.] AHAZIAH.— JEHU. 227 

people, his wives, his childreD, and all his goods ; and he 
should have a great sickness, so that his bowels should fall 
out by disease. It came to pass as Elijah had predicted; 
and on account of his wickedness he was not permitted to be 
buried in the sepulchers of the kings. 

Ch. XXII.}— 137. Who succeeded Jehoram? 

Ahaziah, his youngest son, the sixth king of Judah, b. c. 885. 

138. What will you say of his reign ? 

It was short : he reigned but one year in Jerusalem, and 
did wickedly, because he had his mother Athaliah for his 
counselor. 

139. Give some account of his death. 

He went to war against the King of Syria with his uncle 
Jehoram, the son of Ahab, king of Israel, and was slain by 
Jehu, whom the Lord had anointed to cut off the house of 
Ahab. 

140. "What is related of Athaliah when she saw that her son was dead ? 
She arose and destroyed all the seed-royal of the house of 

Judah. But the daughter of the king took Joash, the son of 
Ahaziah, and hid him six years in the house of the Lord, 
where he was privately brought up. During that time Ath- 
aliah reigned over the land. 

2 Kings. Ch. IX.}— 141. What will you say of Jehu ? 
He was the tenth king of Israel. He began to reign b. c. 
884, and reigned twenty-eight years. 

142. By whom was Jehu anointed, and for what purpose ? 

Elisha sent one of the young prophets to Ramoth-gilead, 
where Jehu had command in the Israelitish army which were 
keeping the Syrians in check. There the prophet found Jehu 
sitting with his captains ; and when he had called him out 
into an inner chamber, he drew forth a horn of oil and poured 
it on Jehu's head, saying, Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, 
I have anointed thee king over the people of the Lord, even 



228 BIBLE HISTOEY. [b. c. 884. 

over Israel ; and thou shalt smite the house of Ahab thy 
master, that I may avenge the blood of .my servants the 
prophets, and the blood of all the servants of the Lord at the 
hand of Jezebel. 

143. Mention the first act of Jehu in the execution of his commission. 
He went to Jezreel. When seen in the distance by the 

watchman on the tower, two messengers were successively 
sent forth to meet him ; and were commanded by Jehu to 
follow in his rear. The watchman then reported that he 
recognized the furious driving of Jehu. Then the king of 
Israel, with Ahaziah, went forth to meet him ; and they met 
in the field of ISTaboth, so fatal to the house of Ahab. Jeho- 
ram said to Jehu, Is it peace, Jehu? And he answered, 
What peace, so long as the whoredoms of thy mother Jezebel 
and her witchcrafts are so many ? This completely opened 
the eyes of Jehoram, who said to Ahaziah, There is treachery, 
O Ahaziah ; and turned to flee. Jehu drew a bow and slew 
him with an arrow, which passed through his heart, and his 
body was cast into the field of I^aboth. This accomplished 
the prediction of Elijah when Ahab took the field. 1 Kings 
xxi. 19. They slew Ahaziah also, who was joined with the 
house of Ahab both in iniquity and affinity. 

144. Give an account of Jezebel's death. 

Jehu came to Jezreel ; and Jezebel painted her face, tired 
her head, appeared at the window, and saluted Jehu with the 
question. Had Zimri peace, who slew his master ? Instead of 
answering her, Jehu called out. Who is on my side — who ? 
and there looked out to him two or three eunuchs. And he 
said to them. Throw her down. So they threw her down, 
and some of her blood was sprinkled on the wall and on the 
horses : and he trod her under foot. Jehu then went in and 
took possession of the palace. Afterward, when he sent to 
bury her, because she was a king's daughter, he found that 
the dogs had devoured her, so that nothing was left but her 
skull, her feet, and the palms of her hands. Then Jehu re- 



A.M. 3121 



JEHU. 229 



inembered the prophecy of Elijah, In the portion of Jezreel 
shall dogs eat the flesh of Jezebel.^ 

Oh. X.} — 145. How did Jehu procure the death of Ahab's sons? 

He wrote letters to the rulers and elders of Jezreel, who 
brought up the seventy sons of Ahab, that they should slay 
them. So the men took the king's sons, slew them, and 
brought their heads in baskets to Jehu. , And Jehu slew all 
that remained of the house of Ahab, with forty-two princes 
of the house of Ahaziah, king of Judah, who were branches 
of Ahab's house. 

146. Give an account of his destroying the worshipers of Baal. 

He collected them together by a stratagem. He pro- 
claimed a solemn assembly for Baal, with a penalty of death 
if they did not come ; and the house of Baal was full. He 
then commanded to bring forth the vestments for the wor- 
shipers, and prepared for a great sacrifice. He made sure 
that there were none of the servants of the Lord among them, 
and then stationed men without for a guard, that none should 
escape. He then commanded his captains and guard, and 
they smote them with the edge of the sword, broke down the 
house of Baal, and burned the images. So Jehu destroyed 
Baal out of Israel. 

147. What is said of Jehu after this ? 

The Lord said. Because thou hast done well in executing 
that which is right in mine eyes, and hast done unto the 
house of Ahab according to all that was in my heart, thy 
children of the fourth generation shall sit on the throne of 
Israel. But Jehu took no heed to walk in the law of the 
Lord God of Israel with all his heart, for he departed not 
from the sins of Jeroboam, which made Israel to sin.^ 

' For three reigns her reign had lasted. She was the daughter of a king, the 
wife of a king, the mother of two kings, the mother-in-law of a king, and the 
grandmother of a king, all in her own lifetime. 

2 The sin of Jeroboam, and of those who followed him, consisted in worshiping 
the true God by means of images. Ahab and his followers abandoned the true 
God, and woi-shiped the gods of the heathen. 



230 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 841. 



CHAPTEK XI. 

REIGNS OF JOASH, JEHOAHAZ, AND JEHOASH. REIGN OF 

AMAZIAH. 

2 Chron. Ch. XXIV.}— 148. Who succeeded Athaliah, in Judah? 

Joash, the son of Ahaziah, the eighth king of Judah. He 
began to reign b. c. 878, at the age of seven years, and he 
reigned forty years in Jerusalem. 

149. What became of Athaliah? 

Jehoiada, the priest, summoned all the people to make Joash 
king. When she saw the king and the people rejoicing, she 
rent her clothes and cried. Treason, treason. Then, as Je- 
hoiada commanded, she was slain. 

150. What is said of the reign of Joash ? 

He did all which was right in the sight of the Lord, all the 
days of Jehoiada, the priest. 

151. Give an account of Jehoiada. 

He was born in Solomon's time, and had lived seven reigns 
before this. He died at the age of one hundred and thirty, 
and was buried in the city of David, among the kings, be- 
cause he had done good in Israel, both toward God and to- 
ward his house. 

152. What is related of the princes of Judah after his death ? • 
They came and made obeisance to the king, and the king 

hearkened unto them, and they left the house of the Lord 
God, and served groves and idols. Therefore wrath came 
upon Judah and Jerusalem for this trespass. 

153. Wliat did God do to reclaim them, and what was the result? 
God sent prophets among them. The Spirit of God came 

upon Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada, and he said. Because ye 



A. M. 3164.] REIGN OF JEHOASH. 231 

have forsaken the Lord, he hath also forsaken you. But at 
the king's command, Zechariah was stoned to death. Joash 
remembered not the kindness of Jehoiada, Zechariah's father. 

154. How was Joash punislied ? and give an account of his death. 

The Syrians came against him, destroyed the j)rinces, and 
plundered the city. Afterward his own servants conspired 
against him for the blood of the sons of Jehoiada, and slew 
him in his bed. He was buried in the city of David, but 
not in the sepulcher of the kings. 

2 Kings. Ch. XIII.} — 155. Who was the next king of Israel, and what 
is said of him ? 

Jehoahaz, the eleventh king of Israel, the son of Jehu, 
who succeeded his father b. c. 856, and reigned seventeen 
years. As he followed the evil courses of the house of Jero- 
boam, the Syrians under Hazael and Benhadad were suffered 
to prevail over him ; so that at length, of all his forces, he 
had left only fifty horsemen, ten chariots, and ten thousand 
foot. Overwhelmed by his calamities, Jehoahaz at length 
acknowledged the authority of Jehovah over Israel, and 
humbled himself before him ; in consideration of which a 
deliverer was raised up for Israel in the person of Jehoash, the 
king's son, who was enabled to expel the Syrians, and re- 
establish the affairs of the kingdom. 

156. Jehoash, — give some account of his reign. 

Jehoash was the son and successor of Jehoahaz on the 
throne if Israel, of which he was the twelfth king. He be- 
gan to reign b. c. 841, and reigned sixteen years. He fol- 
lowed iie example of his predecessors, in the policy of keep- 
ing up the worship of the golden calves ; but apart from this 
he bears a fair character. He held the prophet Elisha in 
high honor, looking up to him as a father. When he heard 
of his last illness, he repaired to the bedside of the dying 
prophet, and was favored with promises of victories over the 
Syrians, by whom his dominions were then harassed. These 



232 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 825. 

promises were accomplished after the prophet's death. He 
overcame the Syrians in three successive battles. 

157. What is said of Elisha's sickness and death? 

When he was taken sick, Jehoash came to visit him, and 
wept over his face, and said, O my father, my father ! the 
chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof. Elisha then 
foretold his victories over the Syrians, and died, and they 
buried him. Afterward, when some friends were carrying 
a dead body to the grave, fearing to fall into the hands of a 
party of Moabites they .saw at a distance, they cast the body 
into the sepulcher of Elisha. And when the body was let 
down, and touched the bones of Elisha, it revived, and stood 
upon its feet. 

Ch. XIV. } — 158. How did Amaziah provoke Jehoash, and what fol- 
lowed ? 

He sent him a defiant message, which Jehoash answered 
with becoming spirit in a parable. The thistle that was in 
Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in Lebanon, saying. Give 
thy daughter to my son to wife : and there came by a wild 
beast that was in Lebanon, and trod down the thistle. He 
then made the application. Thou hast indeed smitten Edom, 
and thine heart hath lifted thee up. Glory of this and tarry 
at home, for why shouldst thou meddle to thy hurt, that 
thou shouldst fall, even thou and Judah with thee ? In the 
action which followed, Jehoash was victorious. He defeated 
Amaziah at Beth-shemesh, advanced to Jerusalem, beat 
down four hundred cubits of the wall, and carried away the 
treasures out of the Temple and the palace, together with 
hostages for the future good behavior of Amaziah. Jehoash 
did not long survive this victory. 

2 Cheon. Ch. XXV. } — 159. By whom was Joash succeeded ? 

By Amaziah his son, the ninth king of Judah, b. c. 839. 
He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and 
he reigned twenty-nine years. 



A. M. 3180.] REIGN OF JEROBOAM. 233 

160. "What is remarked of his reign? 

He did that which was right in the sight of the Lord, bnt 
not with a perfect heart. One of the first acts mentioned of 
his reign is, that he slew those servants w^ho had killed the 
king, his father; and it is also mentioned that he respected 
the law of Moses, by not including the children in the doom 
of their parents. He went to war against the Edomites, and 
after a great slaughter he took their gods and bowed down to 
them. For this wickedness he was reproved by one of the 
prophets, and was afterward taken by Jehoash, king of Israel, 
at Beth-shemesh, and brought to Jerusalem, where they 
broke down the walls, took the gold and silver, and returned 
to Samaria. 

161. Give an account of his death. 

A conspiracy was formed against him in Jerusalem. He 
fled to Lachish, where they followed and slew him. He was 
buried with his fathers in the city of Judah. 

2 Kings. Ch. XIV. [ — 162. Who succeeded Jehoash, king of Israel? 

His son Jeroboam, the thirteenth king of Israel. He suc- 
ceeded to the throne b. c. 825, and reigned forty-one years. 
He followed the example of the first Jeroboam in keeping up 
the idolatry of the golden calves. ISTevertheless, the Lord 
had pity on Israel, and his reign was long and flourishing. 
Lie was always victorious over the Syrians ; he took their 
chief cities, Damascus and Hamath, and restored to the realm 
of Israel the ancient eastern limits from Lebanon to the 
Dead Sea. 



234 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 728. 



CHAPTER XII. 

REIGNS OF UZZIAH. ZACHAEIAH, SHALLUM, MENAHEM, PEKAHIAH, 

AKD PEKAH. REGULAR REIGN OF JOTHAM. — ^WICKED REIGN OF 

AHAZ. SAMARIA TAKEN. ISRAEL CARRIED CAPTIVE. 

2 Ohron. Oh. XXYI.} — 163. What can you say of Uzziab, king of 

Judah ? 

He was the son of Amaziah, the tenth king of Judah, and 
began to reign b. c. 810, at the age of ten years. He reigned 
fifty-two years, and had, w^ith the exception of Manasseh's, 
the longest reign in the Hebrew annals. 

164. What was the character of his reign? 

He did that which was right in the sight of the Lord all 
the days of the prophet Zechariah. He went to war against 
the Philistines, broke down the walls of many of their cities, 
and built cities among the Philistines. God helped him 
against the Philistines, and against the Arabians. He built 
towers, and fortified cities : he encouraged husbandry, ap- 
pointed standing armies, made many weapons and engines 
for war. So his name spread far abroad, and he became ex- 
ceedingly strong. 

165. What of his sin, punishment, and death ? 

He went into the Temple to burn incense. The priest 
whose business it was to burn incense resisted him, but Uz- 
ziah was wroth ; and while he stood with the censer in his 
hand, the Lord smote him with leprosy, which rose up in his 
forehead, and the priests thrust him out from them. So he 
was cut ofi" from the house of the Lord, and was a leper unto 
the day of his death ; and they buried him in the field which 
belonged to the kings. 



A. M. 3277.] PEKAH.— JOTHAM. 235 

2 KiNG-3. Ch. XV.} — 166. Who succeeded Jeroboam the Second? 

Zacliariali, his son, b. c. 773. He was the fourteenth king 
of Israel, and the last in the line of Jehu. He reigned six 
months, and was then slain in the presence of all the ]3eople 
bj Shallum, who usurped the crown. 

167. Give a brief account of the four succeeding kings of Israel. 

Shallum, the fifteenth king of Israel, after having slain 
Zachariah, occupied the throne but one month ; being op- 
posed and slain by Menahem, who mounted the throne thus 
vacated. 

Menahem, the sixteenth king, b. c. 771, reigned ten years. 
He adhered to the sins of Jeroboam, like the other kings of 
Israel. In his reign the Assyrians first came against Pales- 
tine, and Menahem was only able to save himself by paying 
them one thousand talents of silver. He died, leaving the 
throne to his son Pekahiah. 

Pekahiah also supported the idolatry of the golden calves ; 
and after an undistinguished reign of two years, Pekah, one 
of his generals, conspired against him, and slew him in his 
own palace. 

Pekah was the eighteenth king of Israel, b. c. 759, and 
reigned twenty years. In his reign the Assyrians took pos- 
session of all the territory east of the Jordan, and carried 
away the two and a half tribes that inherited it, into exile. 
A conspiracy was formed against him, headed by Hoshea, in 
which Pekah lost his life. 

2 Chrox. Cn. XXVII. [—168. Give an account of the reign of 
Jotham. 

He was the eleventh king of Judah, and the son of Uzziah, 
whom he succeeded at the age of twenty-five, b. c. 758. He 
reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem, and did that which was 
right in the sight of the Lord. He built cities, prevailed 
against the Ammonites, and became mighty, because he pre- 
pared his ways before the Lord. He slept with his fathers, 



236 BIBLE HISTORY. 


[b. C. 726. 


and was buried in the city of David ; 


and Ahaz, bis son, 


reigned in his stead. 





Oh. XXVIII. [—169. What is said of Aliaz, and his reign ? 

He was the twelfth king of Judah, b. c. 742. He was 
twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned 
sixteen years. Ahaz was the most corrupt monarch that had 
hitherto appeared in Judah. He respected neither Jehovah, 
the laWj nor the prophets. He introduced the religion of the 
Syrians into Jerusalem, erected altars to the Syrian gods, 
altered the Temple in many respects after the Syrian model, 
and at length ventured to shut it up altogether. 

170. What is said further of his reign and death ? 

After he had sustained a few repulses from Pekah and 
Rezin, his allied foes ; when the Edomites had revolted from 
him, and the Philistines were making incursions into his 
country, he called Put, the king of Assyria, to his aid, not- 
withstanding a sure promise of divine deliverance. He even 
became tributary to that monarch, on condition of his obliging 
Syria and Israel to abandon their design of destroying Judah. 
But the more he was distressed, the more he trespassed. He 
was buried in the city of Jerusalem, but not in the sepulchers 
of the kings. 

2 Kings. Ohs. XV. and XVII. |— 171. Who succeeded Pekah, king of 
Israel ; and what befell Israel during his reign ? 

Hoshea, the nineteenth and last king of Israel, b. c. 730. 
He conspired against and slew his predecessor, and seized his 
dominions. He forced his way to the crown by treason and 
murder, yet did not gain possession of it until seven or eight 
years after the commencement of his conspiracy. He slew 
Pekah in the fourth year of Ahaz, king of Judah, but did not 
begin to reign until the twelfth. He did evil in the sight of 
the Lord, but not in the same degree as the kings that were 
before him. The intelligence that he had entered into a con- 
federacy with So, king of Egypt, with a view of shaking off 



J 



A. M. 3279.] HEZEKIAH'S GOOD EEIGN. 237 

the Assyrian yoke, caused Shalmaneser, the king of Assyria, 
to march an army into the land of Israel ; and after a three 
years' siege, Samaria was taken and destroyed, and the ten 
tribes sent into the countries beyond the Euphrates.^ 



CHAPTEE XIII. 



-SENDS TO THE 

PKOPHET ISAIAH. ASSYRIANS DESTROYED. HEZEKIAh's SICK- 
NESS. BABYI 

AND BURIAL. 

2 Chron. Oh. XXIX.} — 172. Who succeeded Ahaz, and what can 
you say of him ? 

Hezekiah, the son of Ahaz, the thirteenth king of Judah, 
B. c. Y26. He was twenty-five years old when he began to 
reign, and he reigned twenty-nine years. His was a good 
and glorious reign, in which we find more of God and reli- 
gion than, perhaps, in any of the preceding reigns after the 

1 We are told in what places of his dominion the king of Assyria disposed of 
them ; places, "we may suppose, distant from each other, lest they should keep xip a 
correspondence, incorporate again, and become formidable. There, we have reason 
to think, after some time they were so mingled with the nations that they were lost, 
and the name of this part of Israel was no more in remembrance. They that forgot 
God, were themselves forgotten ; they that studied to be like the nations, were buried 
among them ; and they that would not serve God in their own land, were made to 
serve their enemies in a strange land. Probably many of the meaner sort were left 
behind— many of different tribes, who either went over to Judah, or became subject 
to the Assyrian colonies in Palestine. The posterity of these may have ultimately 
become incorporated with those called in after-times Galileans and Samaritans. A 
part of these dispersed tribes appears also to have returned to their own land when 
God recalled the captivity of Judah from Babylon, at which time the strife so long 
existing between Ephraim and Judah was to cease, and they were to be as one 
stick (book or writing) in the Lord's hand. Thus, with these exceptions, ended 
the existence of Israel as a nation. 



238 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 713. 

days of David ; for Hezekiah was a very zealous and devout 
man. 

173, How did Hezekiah conduct the reformation in Judah ? 

He opened the doors of the Temple, and exhorted the priests 
and Levites to sanctify themselves, cleanse the Temple, and 
prepare every thing for the worship of God. First, he looked 
back : and they made atonement for the sins of the last reign. 
" They brought seven bullocks, and seven rams, and seven 
lambs, and seven he-goats, for a sin-offering for the kingdom, 
and for the sanctuary, and for Judah. And he commanded 
the priests, the sons of Aaron, to offer them on the altar of 
the Lord." Then he looked forward : the Temple service 
was to be set up, that it might be established. And, as Heze- 
kiah commanded, the congregation brought in sacrifices and 
thank-offerings ; and as many as were of a free heart, burnt- 
offerings. So the service of the house of the Lord was set in 
order. And Hezekiah rejoiced, and all the people, that God 
had prepared the people ; for the thing was done suddenly. 

Ch. XXX. [ — 174. Give Hezekiah's message to the children of Judah 
and Israel, with the manner in which it was received. 

He proclaimed a solemn Passover to be kept in the second 
month, and called on them all to unite in celebrating it. So 
the posts went with the letters from the king and his princes 
throughout all Israel and Judah, and according to the com- 
mandment of the king, saying. Ye children of Israel, turn 
again unto the Lord God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, and 
he will return to the remnant of you that are escaped out of 
the hand of the kings of Assyria. And be not ye like your 
fathers, and like your brethren, which trespassed against the 
Lord God of their fathers, who therefore gave them up to 
desolation, as you see ; but yield yourselves unto the Lord, 
and enter into his sanctuary which he has sanctified forever ; 
and serve the Lord your God, that the fierceness of his wrath 
may turn away from you. For if ye turn again unto the 
Lord, your brethren and your children shall find compassion 



A. M. 3292.] SENNACHERIB'S INVASION. 239 

before them that lead them captive, so that they shall come 
again into this land ; for' the Lord yom- God is gracious and 
merciful, and will not turn away his face from you, if ye re- 
turn unto him. So the posts passed from city to city through 
the country of Ephraim and Manasseh, even unto Zebulun ; but 
they laughed them to scorn and mocked them. ^Nevertheless, 
divei's of Asher, and Manasseh, and of Zebulun humbled 
themselves and came to Jerusalem. Also in Judah, the hand 
of God was to give them one heart to do the commandment 
of the king and of the princes, by the word of the Lord. 

175. Give some account of their meeting. 

There assembled at Jerusalem much people to keep the 
feast of unleavened bread in the second month, a very great 
congregation. And they prepared themselves according to 
the law of Moses. But a multitude of the people, even 
many of Ephraim and Manasseh, Issachar and Zebulun had 
not cleansed themselves, yet did they eat the passover other- 
wise than it was written. But Hezekiah pi-ayed for them, 
saying, The good Lord pardon every one that prepareth his 
heart to seek God, the Lord God of his fathers, though he be 
not cleansed according to the purification of the sanctuary. 
And the Lord hearkened to Hezekiah, and healed the people, 
and they kept the feast fourteen days with gladness. So 
there was great joy in Jerusalem ; for since the time of Solo- 
mon, the son of David, there was not the like in Jerusalem. 

2 Kings. Oh. XVIII. 13.} — 176. Give an account of Sennacherib's 
invasion of Judah. 

" In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, did Sennach- 
erib, king of Assyria, come up against all the fenced cities of 
Judah, and took them." This invasion was a calamity by 
w^iich God would try the faith of Hezekiah, and chastise the 
people who are called a hypocritical nation {Is. x. 6), because 
they did not heartily comply with Hezekiah's reformation, 
nor willingly part with their idols, but kept them up in their 
hearts, if not in their houses ; tliough their high places were 



240 BIBLE HISTORY. [b.c.710. 

removed. The confusion the country was put into by this 
invasion, is described by the prophet. 7^. x. 28-32. Heze- 
kiah sent a submissive answer to the King of Assyria, saying, 
I have offended ; return from me : that which thou puttest 
on me, I will bear. And the King of Assyria required of 
him !hree hundred talents of silver, and thirty talents of gold. 
And Hezekiah gave him all the silver in the house of the 
Lord, and in the treasures of the king's house ; cut off the 
gold from the doors and pillars of the Temple and gave them 
to him. Hezekiah seemed to lose, for the time, his courage 
and confidence in God, and failed to ask counsel of Isaiah. 

177. Give an account of the siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib. 

Sennacherib sent Tartan, and Rabsaris, and Rabshakeh, 
with a great host, and they came up to Jerusalem. Rab- 
shakeh addressed them and said, Three things he supposed 
Hezekiah trusted in, and he endeavored to show their insuf- 
ficiency : First, His own military preparation. " Thou sayest, 
I have counsel and strength for the war." He disdainfully 
challenged Hezekiah to produce two thousand men who knew 
how to manage a horse, and if he could, he would deliver 
him two thousand horses. He falsely insinuated that Heze- 
kiah had no men fit to be soldiers. Second, His alliance with 
Egypt. He supposed Hezekiah trusted in Egypt for chariots 
and horsemen, and he called that '' a bruised reed." Third, 
His interest in God, and relation to Him. This was indeed 
the confidence in which Hezekiah trusted, and Rabshakeh 
endeavored to destroy this, as David's enemies did (i^«5. iii. 
2-11), and as Christ's enemies did {Matt, xxvii. 43). 

Rabshakeh then brought forward three things to shake his 
confidence in God, which were all false : First, That Hezekiah 
had forfeited God's protection, and thrown himself out of it, 
by destroying the high places and the altars. Second, That 
God had given orders for the destruction of Jerusalem at 
this time. " The Lord said to me. Go up against this land, 
and destroy it." Third, That if Jehovah, the God of Israel, 



I 



A. M. 3295.] DELIVERANCE OF JERUSALEM. 241 

should uDdertake to protect them from the King of Assyria, 
yet he was not able to do it ; and with this blasphemy he 
concluded his speech. 

Oh. XIX.} — 178. How was Jerusalem delivered? 

By prayer, prophecy, and the hand of an angel. Hezekiah 
expressed great concern at the dishonor done to God by this 
blasphemy, and for the perils and terrors of Jerusalem ; and 
God was displeased with those who were not«thus affected. 
Is. xxii. 12-15. He went up to the house of God, according 
to the example of the Psalmist {Ps. Ixxiii. 17), to meditate 
and pray, and get his spirit composed after this agitation. 
His anxiety was not to know what he should answer Rab- 
shakeh, but to leave his cause with God. Hezekiah sent to 
Isaiah, and he answered. Thus saith the Lord, Be not afraid 
of the words which thou hast heard, with which the servants 
of the King of Assyria have blasphemed me. Behold, I will 
send a blast upon him, and he shall hear a rumor, and shall 
return to his own land ; and I will cause him to fall by the 
sword in his own land. 

Kabshakeh then hearing a rumor that hastened him to his 
own country, sent a blasphemous letter to Hezekiah, saying, 
Let not thy God, in whom thou trustest, deceive thee, saying, 
Jerusalem shall not be delivered into the hand of the King of 
Assyria. Behold, thou hast heard w4iat the kings of Assyria 
have done to all lands, by destroying them utterly ; and shalt 
thou be delivered ? And Hezekiah received the letter, and 
read it, and went up into the house of the Lord, and spread 
it before the Lord, and prayed, and said, Lord God of Is- 
rael, which dwellest between the cherubim, thou art the 
God, even thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth ; thou 
hast made heaven and earth. Lord, bow down thine ear, and 
hear ; open, Lord, thine eyes, and see ; and hear the words 
of Sennacherib, which hath sent him to reproach the living 
God. Of a truth. Lord, the kings of Assyria have destroyed 
the nations and their lands, and have cast their gods into the 

11 



242 BIBLE HISTORY [b. c. 6«8. 

fire ; for they were no gods, but the work of men's hands, 
wood and stone ; therefore thej have destroyed them. I^ow, 
therefore, O Lord our God, I beseech thee, save thou us out 
of his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know 
that thou art the Lord God, even thou only. And the Lord 
sent him word by Isaiah, that what he had prayed for con- 
cerning Sennacherib, he had heard. He said of the King of 
Assyria, Because thy rage against me, and thy tumult is 
come up into mine ears, therefore I will put my hook in thy 
nose, and my bridle in thy lips, and I will turn thee back by 
the way by which thou camest. For I will defend this city 
to save it, for mine own sake, and for my servant David's 
sake. And it came to pass that night, that the Angel of the 
Lord went out, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians, a hun- 
dred and eighty-five thousand.^ So Sennacherib departed, 
and returned and dwelt at Nineveh. There his own sons 
slew him with the sword, as he was worshiping in the house 
of Msroch, his god. 

Oh. XX.} — 179. Give an account of Hezekiab's sickness; and how 
his days were lengthened. 

He was sick unto death, and Isaiah came to him and said, 
Set thine house in order, for thou shalt die, and not live. And 
Hezekiah turned his face to the wall, and prayed, I beseech 
thee, O Lord, remember now how I have walked before thee 
in truth, and with a perfect heart, and have done that which 
was good in thy sight. And Hezekiah wept sore. Then 
Isaiah was sent again to him, to say to him, that God had 
heard his prayer, and would add to his life fifteen years, and 
that on the third day he should go up to the house of the 



* The army of Assyria was entirely routed the very night after sending that 
message. It was not hy the. sword of a mighty man^ or of a mean man {Is. xxxi. 8), 
but of an angel — such an angel as slew the first-born of Egypt. Josephus says, that 
the Assyrian army was visited by a pestilential disease, which was instant dealh. 
The number slain was very great,— Eabshakeh, it is likely, being among the num- 
ber. Some think the seventy-sixth Psalm was penned on this occasion, where wo 
read that the stout-hearted were spoiled, and slept their sleep — their last ; 



A. M. 3307.] WICKED REIGN OF MANASSEH. 24:3 

Lord. Hezekiah asked of the prophet a sign to confirm this 
promise, and the shadow on the dial was made to return back- 
ward ten degrees. In Is. xxxviii. 9-40, we have his prayer 
of thanksgiving on his recovery. 

180. Give an account of the visit made to Hezekiah, and the prophecy 
of Isaiah. 

When the King of Babylon heard that Hezekiah had been 
sick, he sent him letters and a present. And Hezekiah 
showed to the messengers all the treasures of his house, and 
of his dominion. Afterward Isaiah came to him with the 
word of the Lord, that all these treasures should be carried 
away into Babylon, and his sons be taken to become eunuchs 
in the palace of the king. And Hezekiah said. Good is the 
word of the Lord which thou hast spoken. Is it not good, 
if peace and truth be in my days ? 

2 Oheon. Oh. XXXIL}— 181. Where was Hezekiah buried ? 

In the chief of the sepulchers of the sons of David ; and all 
Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem did him honor at his 
death. 



CHAPTER XIY. 

THE WICKED KEIGN OF MANASSEH, AND OF AMON. REFORMING 

KEIGN OF JOSIAH. RUINOUS REIGN OF HIS SONS. 

2 Chkon. Ch. XXXIII.} — 182. Who was the successor of Hezekiah ? 

Manasseh his son, the fourteenth king of Judah, b. c. 698. 
He was twelve years old when he began to reign, and he 
reigned fifty -five years. 

. 183. Give an account of his reign. 

He did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord. He 
built again the high places that Hezekiah his father had 
broken down, and he built altars for the host of heaven in 



244: BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 624. 

the courts of the Lord's house, and set a carved image there. 
He caused his children to pass through fire in the valley of 
Hinnom, and he made the inhabitants of Jerusalem to do 
worse than the heathen. He shed innocent blood very much, 
till he had filled Jerusalem from one end to another. 2 
Kings xxi. 16. And the Lord spake unto Manasseh and to 
his j)eople, but they V70uld not hearken. 

184. How was he punished ? 

The hosts of Assyria took him, and brought him in fetters 
to Babylon. 

185. How did he conduct himself in his affliction? 

He humbled himself greatly before God, and prayed unto 
him ; and the Lord was entreated of him, and brought him 
again to Jerusalem into his kingdom. Then he took away 
the gods that he had made, and repaired the altar of the 
Lord, and commanded Judah to serve the God of Israel. 

186. "Where was Manasseh buried ? 

In the garden of his own house. 2 Kings xxi. 18. 

187. Who was his successor ? Give some account of his reign. 
Amon his son, the fifteenth king of Judah, b. o. 613. He 

was twenty-two years old when he began to reign, and he 
reigned two years. He was a wicked king, for he sacrificed 
to all the images that his father had made, and was even 
worse, for he humbled not himself as did Manasseh. 

188. Give an account of his death. 

His servants conspired against him, and slew him in his 
own house. 

189. What was the fate of the conspirators ? 

The people of the land slew them, and made Josiah his son 
king in his stead. 

Oh. XXXIY.} — 190. Give an account of Josiah, and of his reign. 
He was the sixteenth king of Judah, b. c. 611. He began 
to reign at the age of eight years, and reigned thirty-one 



A. M. 3381.] REFORMING REIGN OF JOSIAH. 245 

years. He did that which was right, and w^alked in the ways 
of David his father ; he purged Judah and Jerusalem from 
their high places and from their images. He burnt the bones 
of their priests on their altars. 1 Kings xiii. 2. Thus he 
purged all the land and repaired the house of the Lord. 
Hilkiah the priest found in the temple a book of the law, 
which was carried to the king y and when it was read to him, 
he rent his clothes and commanded them to go and inqui:e 
of the Lord for him concerning the words of the book ; for 
he said, Great is the wrath of the Lord, because our fathers 
have not kept the word of the Lord. 

191. To whom did those who were appointed go, and what message 
did they receive? 

They went to Huldah the prophetess, who said. Tell the 
man that sent you unto me. Thus saith the Lord, Behold, I 
will bring evil upon this place, and upon the inhabitants 
thereof, even all the curses that are written in this book. Yet 
to the King of Judah say. Because thine heart was tender, 
and thou didst humble thyself before God, when thou heardst 
his words, and didst weep before him, thou shalt be gath- 
ered to thy grave in peace. 

192. What further advances did Josiah make in the reformation? 
Reading the law, covenanting, and keeping the passover. 

The king went up into the house of the Lord, with all the 
men of Judah and Jerusalem, the priests and Levites, and all 
the people great and small; and he read to them all the 
words of the book of the covenant that was found in the 
house of the Lord. And the king made a covenant before 
the Lord, to walk after the Lord and to keep his command- 
ments, and his testimonies, and his statutes with all his heart, 
and with all his soul, to perform the words of the covenant 
which are written in this book. And he caused all that were 
present in Jerusalem and Benjamin to stand to it. And they 
did according to the covenant of God, the God of their 
fathers. 



24:6 BIBLE HISTORY. [b.c. 536. 

Ch. XXXV. \ — 193. What is said of the passover which Josiah kept? 

It was kept in the eighteenth year of his reign. And there 
was no passover like to that kept in Israel from the days of 
Samuel the prophet. 

194. Give an account of Josiah's death. 

He went out against ISTecho, king of Egypt, though Kecho 
warned him against it, as he came by the command of the 
Lord. But Josiah disguised himself and went. The archers 
shot at him ; and the king said to his servants. Have me 
away, for I am sore wounded. They brought him to Jeru- 
salem and he died. 

195. Who mourned for him? 

All Judah and Jerusalem. The prophet Jeremiah, and 
all the singing men and women, spake of Josiah in their 
lamentations, and made them an ordinance in Israel. 

Ch. XXXVI.} — 196. Who succeeded Josiah? and give some account 
of his reign. 

Jehoahaz, the son of Josiah, the seventeenth king of Israel, 
B. c. 610. He was twenty-three years old, and he reigned 
three months. ISTecho deposed him, fined the land for setting 
him up, carried him to Egypt, and made Jehoiakim king. 

197. Give an account of Jehoiakim's reign. 

He was the second son of Josiah, and eighteenth king of 
Judah, B. o. 609. He was twenty-five years old when he 
began to reign, and he reigned eleven years. He did that 
which was evil in the sight of the Lord, and JSTebuchadnezzar 
came and carried him in fetters to Babylon. 

198. Give an account of the next reign. 

Jehoiachin succeeded, the nineteenth king of Judah, b. c. 
599. He was eight years old w^hen he began to reign, and 
he reigned three months aud ten days. He did that which 
\ya8 evil, and was also taken to Babylon. 



A. M. 3459.] ZEDEKIAH.— THE PKOPHETS. 24Y 

199. Zed eld all's reign. 

He was the twentieth king of Judah, b. c. 598. He was 
twenty-one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned 
eleven years. He did that which was evil, and humbled not 
himself before Jeremiah the prophet, speaking from the 
mouth of the Lord. He also rebelled against Nebuchad- 
nezzar. 

200. What is said of the chief of the priests and the people ? 

They transgressed, and polluted the house of the Lord. 
They mocked the messengers of God, and misused his proph- 
ets, until the wrath of God arose against them, and there was 
no remedy. Then God brought upon them the king of the 
Chaldees, who had no compassion on young men or maid- 
ens, or him that stooped for age. They slew all with the 
sword ; and all the treasures of the Temple, and of the king 
and his princes, were carried away to Babylon. They burned 
the house of God, and all the palaces of the city, and broke 
down the wall, and all those that escaped the sword were 
carried away captive to be servants in Babylon. 

201. Who had foretold this? 

The prophet Jeremiah. So that the land should keep her 
Sabbaths, to fulfill threescore and ten years. 

202. What does the book of Chronicles close with ? 

The proclamation of Cyrus to rebuild the house of God in 
Jerusalem. 



The time in which each Prophet flourished, as far as ap- 
pears, was as follows : 

Jonah, in the days of Jeroboam, son of Joash, king of 
Israel. See 2 Kings xiv. 25 ; Jonah i. 1. 

HosEA, in the days of Jeroboam, the son of Joash, king of 
Israel, and in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Heze- 
kiah, kings of Judah. In all above eighty years. 



248 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 536. 

Joel, as far as appears, was coteniporary with Hosea in 
the days of Uzziah. 

Amos prophesied against Israel in the days of Uzziah, after 
the famine that Joel speaks of. 

Isaiah, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Heze- 
kiah, kings of Judah. In all about sixty-four years. 

MicAH, in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. 

l^AHUM, in the days of Hezekiah or Manasseh. 

Habakkuk, in the days of Manasseh or Josiah. 

Zephaniah, in the days of Josiah, king of Judah. 

Jeremiah began in the thirteenth year of Josiah : in all, 
forty-three years. 

Jeremiah's Lamentations bewail the miseries of his people, 
which began at the death of Josiah and increased until com- 
pleted in Babylon. 

Daniel flourished from the third year of Jehoiakim, king 
of Judah, to tlie third year of Cyrus the Persian ; in all, over 
seventy years. 

EzEKiEL began in the fifth year of Jehoiakim's captivity, 
and continued to the twenty-fifth year of the captivity ; in 
all, nineteen years. 

Obadiah, probably in the days of Jeremiah. 

Haggai, in the second year of Darius ; in all, three months. 

Zechaeiah, in the second year of Darius ; in all, two years. 

Malachi, in the days of E'ehemiah. 

Jeremiah. 



E"ear upon, or under the captivity 



Daniel, 

Ezekiel, 

Obadiah. 



f Haggai, 

After the captivity -} Zechariah, 

[Malachi. 

All the rest of the prophets before the captivity. 



A. M. 3469.] BOOK OF EZRA. 249 



EZRA. 

B. C. 536-456 A. M. 3469-8549. 



1. What is the meaning of the word Ezra ? 

It signifies a helper ; and so he was to the Jews. 

2. Give the division and contents of the book. 

The book may be divided into two portions. The first 
consists of chapters i. to vi., and contains the history of the 
return of the exiled Israelites, and of their rebuilding the 
Temple, and comprises the period from the first year of 
Cyrus, B. c. 536, to the sixth year of Darius Hystaspis, b. c. 515. 
The second portion contains the personal history of the mi- 
gration of Ezra to Palestine, in the seventh year of Arta- 
xerxes. This latter portion, embracing chapters vii. to x., is 
an autobiography of Ezra during about twelve or thirteen 
months in the seventh and eighth years of the reign of 
Artaxerxes Longimanus. 

8. How long a period of time is contained in the history? 
About seventy-nine or eighty years ; under the reigns of 
six Persian kings. 

Cyrus 

Cambyses .... 
Magus, or Pseudo-Smerdis 
Darius Hystaspis . 

Xerxes 

Artaxerxes (in the eighth year of whose 
reign the records of Ezra cease) . 8 
11* 



Tears. 


Months. 


7 





7 


5 




7 


36 





21 






250 BIBLE HISTORY. [b.c. 536. 

4. What was the condition of the Jews in Babylon? 

Although in many respects very deplorable, yet they had 
prophets among them, as Ezekiel and Daniel. Some of them 
were preferred at court, others had comfortable settlements 
in the country, and all were borne up with the hope that in 
due time they should return to their own land. So they 
preserved the distinction of their families, the knowledge of 
their religion, and an aversion to idolatry. Nebuchadnezzar, 
who carried them away in the first year of his reign, reigned 
forty-five years, and it is charged upon him, that he '^ opened 
not the house of his prisoners." Is. xiv. 11. His son, Evil- 
Merodach, reigned twenty-three years ; his grandson Bel- 
shazzar, three ; which reigns make up the seventy years of 
captivity. Cyrus was then employed as the instrument of 
the Jews' deliverance, according to the prophecy of Isaiah 
published one hundred and fifty years before. Is. xliv. 28 ; 
xlv. 1-7. Their deliverance also fulfilled the prophecy of 
Jeremiah, who had not only promised their return, but had 
fixed the time, the seventy years that were determined. Jer. 
XXV. 12 ; xxix. 10. And the set time to favor Zion was now 
come. 



CHAPTER I. 

-THE NUMBER OF FAMILIES THAT ACCEPT 

FKEEDOM. THEIR ARRIVAL AT JERUSALEM. THE TEMPLE 

COMMENCED. 

Oh. I. } — 5. Give the proclamation of Cyrus, the first year of his reign 
in Babylon. 

Thus saith Cyrus, king of Persia, The Lord God of heaven 
hath given me all the kingdoms of the earth ; and he hath 
charged me to build him a house at Jerusalem which is in 
Judah. Who is there among you of all his people? His 



A.M. 3469.] KETURN FROM BABYLON. 251 

God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem which is 
in Judah and build the house of the Lord God of Israel (he 
is the God) which is in Jerusalem. 

6. What charge did he give his people in reference to the Jews ? 

To help them with silver and gold and goods and beasts, 
besides a free-will offering for the house of God. 

7. Who went up to Jerusalem, and what did they take with them ? 
The chief of the fathers of Judah and Benjamin went up, 

and the priests and the Levites, with all of them whose spirit 
God had raised to go up and build the house of the Lord. 
And all that were about them strengthened their hands with 
vessels of silver, wdth gold, with goods, and with beasts, and 
with precious things, besides all that was willingly offered. 
Also Cyrus brought out to them the five thousand four hun- 
dred vessels of silver and gold which JSfebuchadnezzar had 
carried away from Jerusalem, and these they took with them. 

Ch. II. } — 8. Mention the names of some of the chief of the fathers, 
and the sum total that returned to Jerusalem. 

Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mor- 
decai, Bilshan, Mispar, Bigvai, Behum, Baanah. The num- 
ber in all was 42,360, besides their servants and maids, of 
whom there were 7,337, and among them 200 singing men 
and women. 4,200, about one-tenth of the whole number, 
were priests. 

9. What is said of those children of the priests who could not show 
their pedigree ? 

They sought their registers among those that were not 
reckoned by genealogy, but they were not found ; therefore 
they were put from the priesthood as polluted. In the case 
of one family, their ancestor married a daughter of Barzillai, 
and the children were called after Barzillai's family, and not 
after the house of Aaron. In Babylon nothing was gained 
by belonging to the priesthood, therefore they cared not to be 
akin to it. 



252 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 520. 

10. How does the number returning, compare witli the number taken 
to Babylon ? 

It is more than double. 

Oh. III. \ — 11. In what service did the Jews engage when they arrived 
at Jerusalem ? 

Thej built an altar, offered sacrifices, and prepared to re- 
build the Temple, toward which they all contributed, accord- 
ing to their ability, gold and silver, and money to the work- 
men to bring cedar-trees from Lebanon. 

12. When did they lay the foundation of the Temple ? 

In the second month of the second year after their return. 

13. How were the people affected in seeing this ? 

The priests and Levites, with instruments of music, sang 
together, praising and giving thanks unto the Lord, and all 
the people shouted with a great shout because the foundation 
of the house was laid. But many of the priests, and Levites, 
and chief of the fathers, who were ancient men, that had 
seen the first house, when the foundation of this house was 
laid before their eyes, wept with a loud voice. So that the 
people could not discern the noise of the shout of joy, from 
the noise of the weeping ; for the people shouted with a loud 
shout, and the noise was heard afar off. 



CHAPTEK II. 



PLE FINISHED. THE DEDICATION. 

Ch. IY.} — 14. What opposition had the Jews in building the Temple, 
and how did they meet it ? 

Their adversaries came to Zerubbabel and proposed to 
help him, but their true object was to retard the work. 
They said, Let us build with you ; for we seek your God as 



A. M 3485] AHASUERUS STOPS THE BUILDING. 253 

ye do ; and we do sacrifice nnto him since the days of Esar- 
haddon. But Zerubbabel and Jeshua, and the rest of the 
chief of the fathers of Israel, said nnto them, Ye have nothing 
to do with ns, to build a house unto our God ; but we our- 
selves together will build unto the Lord God of Israel, as 
King Cyrus, the king of Persia, hath commanded us. 

15. After this did they receive further annoyance ? 

They did. The people of the land weakened the hands of 
the people of Judah, and troubled them in building, and 
hired counselors against them to frustrate their purpose all 
the days of Cyrus, unto the reign of Darius, king of Persia. 

16. What was the substance of their enemies' letter to Artaxerxes? 
Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, with their 

companions, wrote to the king that the Jews, who had come 
up to Jerusalem, were building the rebellious and bad city. 
If the city was built, they would not pay toll or tribute, and 
so would damage the revenues of the king. They asked him 
to search in the records of the kingdom to find if it had not 
been a rebellious city, and the people movers of sedition in 
the old time. So they certified if the city was built, the 
king would have no portion on that side of the river. 

17. Give the answer of the king. 

He had made search, and found that such had been the 
character of the city. So he commanded the building to 
cease, until another commandment should be given from him. 

18. How did Rehum and Shimshai then proceed? 

They went up in haste to Jerusalem, and compelled the 
Jews to cease by force and power. ISTo more w^as done to 
the house until the reign of Darius, king of Persia, a period 
of fifteen years. 

Ch. y.} — 19. What prophets then encouraged the Jews to proceed 
with the house of God ? 

Haggai and Zechariah. Then Zerubbabel and Jeshua be- 
gan to build, the prophets helping them. 



254 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 457. 

20. Had they further opposition ? 

They had. Tatnai, and Shethar-boznai, and their compan- 
ions, the Apharsachites, inquired of the Jews, saying, Who 
hath commanded you to build this house? and. What are the 
names of the men that make this building ? But the eye of 
their God was upon the elders of the Jews, that they could 
not cause them to cease, till the matter came to Darius. 

21. Give the Import of the letter written by Tatnai and Shethar-boz- 
nai to the king. 

That in the province of Judaea they were building a house 
to the great God, and the work was going fast on and pros- 
pering. They had asked the elders as to their authority to 
erect the house, and had inquired the names of the builders ; 
and the Jews had replied, that they rebuilt the house of the 
Lord God, which a great king had built many years ago. 
And they gave a history of ^Nebuchadnezzar's carrying them 
away into Babylon, and of a decree of Cyrus, which permit- 
ted them to return and rebuild the house of God, and to take 
the vessels which Nebuchadnezzar brought away from the 
Temple in Jerusalem, and carry them back to Jerusalem. 
And the men concluded their epistle by asking Darius to 
search and see if such a decree of Cyrus could be found. 

Oh. YI.}— 22. Was the decree found ? 

Search was made, and it was found in the palace at Ach- 
metha. 

23. What did Darius then reply? 

He said to Tatnai and Shethar-boznai, Let the work of this 
house of God alone, and let the Jews build it. He also do- 
creed that the king's goods should be given to help them^ 
and all that they needed for burnt-offerings. And whosoever 
should alter this word, '' Let timber be pulled down from his 
house, and being set up, let him be hanged thereon." 

24. How did the Temple then progress ? 

After this decree of Darius, the elders built, and pros- 



A.M. 3548.] EZRA AS A REFOEMER. 255 

pered through the prophesying of Haggai and Zechariah. It 
was finished in the sixth year of Darius the king, twenty-one 
years after it was commenced. 

25. How was the dedication of the Temple celebrated ? 

They offered burnt-offerings and sin-offerings, and kept the 
feast of unleavened bread seven days with great joy. 

26. How did this Temple differ from that of Solomon ? 
Probably not so much in dimensions as in glory. The 

weeping of the people at the laying of the foundation was 
probably because it wanted the -Q^ve principal things of the 
former : — the Ark and Mercy-seat ; the Divine presence, or 
visible glory of the Shechinah ; the holy fire on the Altar ; 
the Urim and Thummim ; and the Spirit of Prophecy. 



CHAPTEK III. 

EZRA AS A REFORMER. HIS PRAYER AND COl^ESSION OF SINS. 

THE PEOPLE REPENT. 

Ch. VII. \ — 27. Who was raised up to aid the Jews after Haggai and 
Zechariah had finished their testimony 1 

Ezra, the son of Seraiah, a descendant of Aaron. 

28. What was his character ? 

He was a man of great learning, and very much conversant 
with the Scriptures. The Jews say he collected and collated 
all the copies of the law he could find out, and published an 
accurate edition of it, with all the prophetical books, histori- 
cal and poetical, that were given by Divine inspiration, and 
so made up the canon of the Old Testament, with the addition 
of the histories and prophecies of his own time. God sent 
the Jews prophets and scribes. Ezra went under the latter 
denomination. 



256 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 457. 

29. "What commission did the king give Ezra when he left Babylon ? 

He g^ve him full charge of all the people of Israel, and 
permitted as many as were thus minded to go up to Jerusa- 
lem, and carry with them all the silver and gold they could 
find in the province of Babylon, with the free-will offering of 
the people and the priests, to buy bullocks, rams, and lambs 
for sacrifice ; also whatever was needful they might take out 
of the king's treasure-house, for the service of the house of 
God. Whatsoever Ezra required should be done speedily. 
Whatsoever God commanded should be done ; for why should 
there be wrath against the realm of the king ? Also all the 
priests and Levites, and ministers in the house of God, should 
have no tribute or custom imposed upon them. 

80. How did Ezra acknowledge this favor ? 

He said. Blessed be the Lord God of our fathers, which 
hath put such a thing as this in the king's heart, to beautify 
the house of the Lord which is in Jerusalem, and hath ex- 
tended mercy unto me before the king, and all the king's 
mighty princes. 

Oh. yill.} — 31. What was done at the river Ahava? 

Ezra gathered together all the people, and they remained 
there in tents three days. He viewed the people, and found 
the Levites were wanting. He then sent eleven chief men 
to Iddo (the president of a college), at the place Casiphia, for 
ministers to go with him and serve in the house of God. 
About forty were sent ; and on the first day of the first 
month (New-year's day of the Jews) they departed from 
Babylon. Chap. vii. 9. 

32. For what purpose did Ezra proclaim a fast at the river Ahava? 

To seek of God protection in the way to Jerusalem. " For," 
he added, " he was ashamed to require of the king a band of 
soldiers and horsemen to help him against the enemy in the 
way, because he had said to the king. The hand of our God 
is upon all them for good that seek him ; but his power and 



A. M. 3548.] EZRA'S PRAYER. 257 

his wrath are against all them that forsake him." So they 
fasted and besought God for this, and he was entreated of 
them. 

83. When they came up to Jerusalem, what is said of them ? 

They delivered the king's commission unto the lieutenants 
and governors ; and they furthered the people and the house 
of God. 

Ch. IX. } — 34. "What sin had many of the priests and people been guilty 
of, for which Ezra made lamentation ? 

They had married strange wives. 

35. How did he show his sorrow ; and what was the substance of his 
prayer ? 

He rent his garments and mantle, and plucked off the hair 
of his head and beard, and sat down astonished until the 
evening sacrifice. Then, when the people were assembled to 
him at the time of sacrifice, he fell on his knees and said, " O 
my God, I am ashamed and blush to lift up my face to thee, 
my God, for our iniquities are increased over our heads, and 
our trespass is grown up unto the heavens." He then con- 
fessed the sins of his fathers, and recalled the mercies of God, 
in now bringing them out of bondage, to give th-em a re- 
viving, and build up the house of God in Jerusalem. He 
then confessed the sin of his people in joining affinity with 
the people of the land in their abominations, and said, "O 
Lord God of Israel, thou art righteous ; behold, w^e are before 
thee in our trespasses ; for we can not stand before thee be- 
cause of this." 

Cn. X.}— 36. What did Ezra then proceed to do? 

He made a proclamation throughout Judah and Jerusa- 
lem, that they should gather themselves together within three 
days, and whosoever refused, his substance should be for- 
feited, and he separated from the congregation. Ezra then, 
as Shechaniah had proposed, told them to make confession to 
the Lord for their trespass, and put away their strange wives. 



258 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 446. 

And all the congregation answered, " As thou hast said, so 
must we do." About three months were devoted to the 
business, and the names of one hundred and thirteen were 
given who put away their wives.^ 

(One would think this grievance was now thoroughly re- 
dressed, but we read of it again in ]N'eh. xiii. 23.) 



NEHEMIAH. 

B.C. 445-397 A.M. 3560-3608. 



1. "Who wrote this book? 

Nehemiah. It is written in his name, and it differs from 
all the preceding books in this : that it is written in the first 
person. The register in the twelfth chapter has been added 
by some subsequent hand, probably by the authority of the 
great synagogue. 

2. Give the substance of the book. 

It commences about twelve years after the close of the 
book of Ezra, and contains the latest record of the nation 
until the birth of Christ. It extends a hundred and ten 
years after the captivity. E"ehemiah, hearing of the dis- 
tressed state of his countrymen, in great affliction petitions 
Artaxerxes, king of Persia, for leave to go up to Jerusalem 
as governor, with a commission to rebuild the walls, and to 
provide for the security and prosperity of his people. Hav- 
ing obtained his request, he executes his commission for 
twelve years with great success. After this he returns to 

1 We read of these wives, that some had children by them (ver. 44), from which 
we infer, not many had, God not crowning these marriages by the blessing of in- 
crease. 



A. M. 3559.] NEHEMIAH'S PEAYER. 259 

Artaxerxes, but at length comes back to Jerusalem and em- 
ploys various measures to promote the prosperity of the 
Jews, and the reformation of abuses. J^ehemiah's adminis- 
tration lasted thirty-six years, and this book closes the Old 
Testament history. 

3. Who was Nehemiah ? 

He was a pious Jew, whose ancestors had formerly been 
citizens in Jerusalem, for there, he says, were the sepulchers 
of his fathers. But as to the tribe or family which he was 
of, nothing is said, only that his father's name was Hacha- 
liah, who seems to have been of those Jews who, having 
got good settlements in the land of their captivity, chose 
rather to abide in them than return to their own country. 
In Babylon ISTehemiah held the office of cup«bearer to Arta- 
xerxes, king of Persia. 



CHAPTEK I. 



Oh. I. } — 4. What report did Hanani bring to Kehemiah, concerning 
the Jews, and concerning Jerusalem ? 

That the remnant of the captivity were in great affliction, 
and reproach ; that the wall of Jerusalem was broken down, 
and the gates thereof burned with fire. 

5. How was Nehemiah affected ? 

He sat down and wept, and mourned certain days, and 
fasted and prayed before the God of heaven. 

6. Repeat liis prayer. 

I beseech thee, O Lord God of heaven, the great and terri- 
ble God, that keepeth covenant and mercy for them that love 
him and observe his commandments ; hear the prayer of thy 



260 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 445. 

servant, wliicli I pray before thee day and niglit for the chil- 
dren of Israel, and confess the sins which we have sinned 
against thee. "We have dealt very corruptly against thee, 
and have not kept the commandments which thou command- 
edst thy servant Moses. Remember, I beseech thee, the word 
that thou commandedst thy servant Moses, saying. If ye trans- 
gress, I will scatter you abroad among the nations ; but if ye 
turn unto me, and keep my commandments, and do them, 
though there were of you cast out unto the uttermost part of 
heaven, yet will I gather them from thence, and will bring 
them unto the place that I have chosen to set my name there. 
JS'ow these are thy people whom thou hast redeemed by thy 
great power. O Lord, I beseech thee, let now thine ear be 
attentive to the prayer of thy servant, and to the prayer of 
thy servants, who desire to fear thy name : and prosper, I 
pray thee, thy servant this day, and grant him mercy in the 
sight of this man. 

On. IT.} — T. When the king understood the cause of Nehemiah's sad- 
ness,_what favors did he grant? 

As [N'ehemiah requested, the king granted him permission 
to return to Jerusalem, the city of his fathers' sepulchers, to 
build it ; gave him letters to the governors beyond the river, 
and to the keeper of the king's forest, that he might furnish 
timbers for the palace, for the walls of the city, and for his 
own house — making agreement with him that he should re- 
turn at a certain time. 

8. Give some account of his journey, and the manner of commencing 
his work. 

The king sent captains of the army and horsemen with 
him as a guard until he had crossed the river Euphrates, and 
there he delivered his letters to the governors. He came to 
Jerusalem, and after three days, he, with a few men, went 
by night and viewed the walls that were broken down, and 
the gates that were consumed by fire. He made a circuit of 
the city and returned. He then said to the rulers, Let us 



A. M. 3560.] SANBALLAT'S OPPOSITION. 261 

build up the Avail of Jerusalem, that we be no more a re- 
proach. He told them of what God had done for him, and 
of the king's words ; and they said, Let us rise up and build. 
So they strengthened their hands for this good work. 

9. "What opposition did thej encounter? 

Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the Ammonite, and 
Geshem the Arabian, heard it, and laughed them to scorn 
and despised them, and said, What is this thing that ye do ? 
Will ye rebel against the king ? 

10. What was their answer ? 

The God of heaven, he will prosper us ; therefore we his 
servants will arise and build ; but ye have no portion, nor 
right, nor memorial in Jerusalem. 

Ch. III.} — 11. What order was observed in building the wall? 
It was divided into portions, and each took a part. 

Ch. IV.} — 12. What is said of Sanballat and Tobiah, when they found 
the work was actually going on ? 

They were wroth, and mocked the Jews, And Sanballat 
said, What do these feeble Jews ? Will they fortify them- 
selves? Will they sacrifice ? Will they make an end in a 
day ? Will they revive the stones out of the heaps of the 
rubbish which are burned ? And Tobiah said. Even that 
which they build, if a fox go up, he shall even break down 
their stone wall. 

13. How did IsTehemiah proceed? 

He first went to God for counsel, and then they resumed 
their work. He said, Hear, O our God, for we are despised ; 
and turn their reproach upon their own head, for they have 
provoked thee to anger before the builders. The people then 
built and joined half the wall together, 

14. Wliat furtlier opposition did Sanballat and Tobiah make, and how 

was it met ? 

When they saw how the walls progressed, they were very 
wroth, and conspired all of them together to come and fight 



262 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 445. 

against Jerusalem and to hinder it. But the Jews prayed 
unto God, and set a watch day and night. ^ 

15. What other discouragement had Nehemiah ? 

The Jews became disheartened, both from the greatness of 
the work, and from what they heard of their enemies. They 
said the strength of the bearers of burdens was decayed, and 
there was much rubbish, so they would not be able to build ; 
and their adversaries, before they could see or know, would 
be upon them, and slay them whichever way they could turn. 

16. When this was reported, how did JSTehemiah post his guard? 

In the lower places he set them behind the wall, that they 
might annoy the enemy over it as a breastwork ; but in the 
higher places, where the wall was raised to its full height, he 
set them on it, that from the top they might throw down 
stones or darts on the heads of the assailants. He placed 
them according to their families, that they might be more 
willing to assist and encourage each other. Then to animate 
them, he said, Be not ye afraid of them. Remember the 
Lord which is great and terrible, and fight for your brethren, 
your sons and your daughters, your wives and your houses. 

17. Give the advantages resulting from these arrangements, and their 
further precautions. 

The enemy knew they could gain their point only by 
surprise; so when their plot was known, it was brought 
to naught. Therefore the Jews were willing to return to 
their work. ISTehemiah then divided the people so that half 
built, while the other half held the weapons, and every 
builder had his sword girded by his side. Directions were 
also given, that in case of any attack a trumpet should, be 
blown, and all at once resort to the place. They thus worked 



^ The instructions Christ gives for our spiritual warfare agree with this. Matt. 
xxvi. 41. Watch and pray. If we think to secure ourselves by prayer only, with- 
out watchfulness, we are slothful and tempt God ; and if by watchfulness without 
prayer, we are proud and slight God. Either way we forfeit his protection. 



A. M. 3560.] NEHEMIAH'S GENEROSITY. 263 

from the rising of the morning until the stars appeared ; and 
then all lodged within the city, none of them putting off their 
clothes except for washing. 



CHAPTEE 11. 

[TY. — SANBALLAt's OPPOSITION. ^EEGISTEE. 

Cn. Y.} — 18. "What complaint did the people bring against the nobles 
and rulers ? 

That of oppression. They had been obliged to borrow 
money to maintain their families, and had been forced to 
mortgage their lands and houses for security. The nobles 
and rulers had taken the profits of these for interest, and had 
also taken their children for bond-servants, to be enslaved or 
sold at pleasure ; and it was not in their power to redeem 
them because other men had their lands and vineyards. 

19. How did the knowledge of these facts affect Nehemiah, and what 
did he do to relieve the oppressed? 

He was very angry, and rebuked the nobles and rulers, 
and required them by oath to restore whatever had been 
exacted. He gave them his own example, in that he had 
refused to accept the salary to which he was entitled as 
governor, and also showed great hospitality by maintaining 
at his own table a hundred and fifty of the Jews and rulers, 
besides all that came unto them from the heathen round 
about. The reason of his doing this was, that he pitied the 
people, and he looked to God for his reward. These things 
he told them to stimulate them to similar acts of kindness. 

Crr. VI.} — 20. Mention three plots in their order, that after this were 
laid to ensnare Nehemiah, and liow they were defeated. 

First, by Craft. Sanballat, Tobiah, and Geshem, sent to 

him to meet them in one of the villages of Ono, in Benjamin, 



264 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 445. 

thinking to do him mischief. But I^ehemiah replied to them, 
I am doing a great work, so that I can not come down. "Why- 
should the work cease while I leave it and come down to 
yon. They sent thus to him four times, and he replied after 
the same manner. 

Second, by Rumor. They sought to terrify him by sending 
him an open letter,^ saying it was reported among the heathen, 
that he and the Jews intended to rebel and make I^ehemiah 
king in Judah. Therefore they built the wall. This would 
be reported to the king, and so they wished to consult with 
him. But ISTehemiah not only denied the truth of it, but 
that there were any such reports. He told them they had 
feigned them out of their own heart. 

Third, by Prophecy. They employed prophets, with a 
prophetess JSToadiah, to make Nehemiah afraid of his life, 
telling him his enemies would slay him in the night ; and 
they endeavored to persuade him to go into the Temple for 
safety with them, thus to prove him cowardly. But Nehe- 
miah answered. Should such a man as I flee ? And who is 
there that, being as I am, would go into the Temple to save 
his life ? I will not go in. 

21. What is said of the finishing of the wall, and the effect on their 
enemies ? 

It was finished in fifty-two days ; and when their enemies 
and all the heathen heard of it, and saw these things, th-ey 
were much cast down in their own eyes ; for they perceived 
the work was wrought of God. 

22. What treachery did ISTehemiah find among the Jews ? 

Many of them were in secret confederacy with Tobiah, and 
corresponded with him in order to advance the interest of his 
country. This was because Tobiah and his son had married 
Jewish wives. ' 



1 Eastern letters are carefully rolled np, sealed, and put in a bag or purse ; so 
that this was intended as an insult^ open letters being sent only to inferiors. 



J 



A. M. 3560.] EZRA EXPOUNDS THE LAW. 265 

Ch. YII.} — 23. After the wall was finished, to whom did Nehemiah 
give the charge of the city ? 

To his brother Hanani, and Hananiah. They were to see 
that the gates were not opened in the morning until they 
should know every thing was quiet and safe about the city ; 
and watches were appointed to give notice of any danger. 

24, For what purpose did Nehemiah examine the register of the gene- 
alogy of the people ? 

There were few people in the city, and he wished to take 
an account of them that he might find what families had 
formerly had their settlement in Jerusalem, but were now 
removed into the country, that he might bring them back ; 
and what families could in any other way be influenced to 
come and rebuild the houses and dwell in them. 

25. What was the whole number which he found had been brought up 
from the captivity? 

Forty-two thousand three hundred and sixty. 



CHAPTEE III. 

EZRA EXPOUNDS THE LAW. A SOLEMN FAST. THE LEVITES CON- 
FESS god's GOODNESS. THE NAMES OF THOSE WHO SEAL THE 

COVENANT. RESIDENCE OF RULERS. REFORMATION CONTINUED. 

Ch. VIII. [ — 26. On what day was a solemn assembly held? 

On the first day of the seventh month ; probably chosen 
because it was the day which they celebrated when they 
came from Babylon, by setting up the altar, and which had 
been observed ever since. 

27. Who expounded the law, and how were the people affected? 
Ezra stood upon a pulpit of wood, and read from the morn- 
ing until the midday. He opened the book in the sight of 

12 



266 BIBLE HISTORY. [b c. 445 

all the people, and all tlie people stood up. And Ezra 
blessed the Lord, the great God, and all the people answered, 
Amen, amen, with lifting up their hands. And they bowed 
their heads and worshiped the Lord with their faces to the 
ground. 

28. By whom was Ezra assisted? 

Thirteen priests stood by him, and thirteen others also, in 
other places, explained the law to the people, giving the 
sense, and causing them to understand the reading. 

29. What directions did ISTehemiah and Ezra then give the people ? 
This day is holy unto the Lord your God ; mourn not, nor 

weep. (For all the people wept w^hen they heard the words 
of the law.) 

Go your way, eat the fat and drink the sweet, and send 
portions unto them for whom nothing is prepared ; for this 
day is holy unto our Lord ; neither be ye sorry, for the joy 
of the Lord is your strength. 

80. What took place on the next day ? 

The chief of the fathers of all the people, the priests and 
the Levites, came unto Ezra to be instructed in the words of 
the law. And they found written in the law, that in the 
feast of the seventh month, which was the Feast of Taber- 
nacles, the children of Israel should dwell in booths. And 
all the congregation that had come out of the captivity 
brought branches of trees, and made booths upon the roofs 
of the houses, in the courts, and in the streets, and sat under 
them.^ Since the days of Joshua, the children of Israel had 



1 The tabernacle or booth, in -which they were commanded to dwell seven days, 
is now generally erected by the Jews iu some garden or court-yard adjoining their 
houses. It is an inclosure, about twelve or fifteen feet square ; and is composed 
on three sides of boards, the fourth side being left open. The roof is generally 
thatched with branches of trees, it being necessary that the stars should be seen 
through it, in order to show that it is but a temporary dwelling, not a ceiled house. 
In this tent the family assemble, after returning from the synagogue ; and, having 
blessed the Lord for giving them the feast of tabernacles, they sup together in it. 
tfnleSB the inclemency of the weather renders it impracticable, every meal is taken 



A. M. 3560.] FAST AND COVENANT. 267 

not done so. And there was very great gladness. And 
Ezra read to them day by day from the book of the law 
of God. 

Ch. IX.} — 81. How was the twenty-fourth dcay of the month observed? 

By a solemn fast.^ A part of the day was spent in read- 
ing, and a part in confessing their sins and worshiping the 
Lord ; at least, six hours, some think double that time. They 
acknowledged the great goodness of God to Israel, ever since 
the days of their fathers, and humbly confessed the sins of 
their nation as the cause of their miseries. They then made a 
solemn covenant with God, — l^ehemiah, as governor, signing 
it first, and after him eighty -four princes, Levites, and priests. 

Ch. X. } — 32, Mention to what these, with the rest of the people, 
bound themselves. 

First, They would not intermarry with the heathen. Sec- 
ond, They would keep no market on the Sabbath, nor on any 
other day of which the law had said. Ye shall do no work 
therein. They would buy provisions for their families the 
day before. Third, They would not be severe in exacting 
their debts, and would observe the seventh year as a year of 
release, according to the law. Fourth, The Temple service 
should be carefully kept up, and they would never forsake 
the house of the Lord. 

Cn. XI,} — 33. Who took up their residence in Jerusalem? 
The rulers, and one-tenth of the people, chosen by lot. 
Ch. XII.} — 84. Give an account of the dedication of the walls. 
The priests and Levites gathered themselves together, and 

there daring the seven daj's of the feast. In southern climates, where the air is 
temperate, and rain is hardly known at that season, the tabernacles are of such a 
tii'iQ as to enable the family to live in them entirely during the seven days ; but in 
these northern latitudes this is not attempted, except by certain individual mem- 
bers of the family who may choose to do so. It may be mentioned that when rainy 
weather occurs during the feast of tabernacles, it is always considered as a mark of 
God's displeasure. — Berk. 

1 Holy joy must not indispose us for godly sorrow, any more than godly sori'ow 
for holy joy. 



268 BIBLE HISTORY. • [b. c. 460. 

pnrified themselves, the people, the gates, and the wall. Tlien 
the princes, the priests, the Levites, and the singers, singing 
with musical instruments, walked around on the wall, to sig- 
nify the dedication of the whole circuit of it to God. The 
procession at one point divided : half went on the right hand, 
Ezra leading them ; the other half on the left hand, Nehe- 
miah walking behind them. Both companies met in the 
Temple, where thej joined their thanksgivings. They offered 
great sacrifices and rejoiced, so that the joy of Jerusalem 
was heai'd afar off. 

35. What provision was made for the priests and Levites ? 

Men were appointed to collect their dues, and see that they 
were paid. 

Ch. XIII. f — 36. After this how long is Nehemiah supposed to have 
been absent at Babylon ? 

limine years. 

87. During this absence, of vrhat sins had the Jews been guilty ? 

They had married with the heathen of the land. Eliashib, 
the priest, was allied to Tohiah, and had prepared for him a 
chamber in the courts of the house of God. The portions of 
the Levites had not been given to them ; and the Sabbath 
was profaned. 

38. What were his first reformatory acts ? 

He expelled Tobiah from the chamber Eliashib had pre- 
pared for him ; he cast out all the household stuff, and 
cleansed the chamber, and brought in the vessels of the 
house of God. He brought back the Levites and singers to 
their places ; he made the Jews bring in their corn, and oil, 
and wine, and appointed treasurers to distribute the tithes. 

39. What did he do to prevent the desecration of tlie Sabbath ? 

He remonstrated with the nobles of Judah ; he reformed 
their abuses ; and ordered that the gates should be closed the 
evening before, and not opened until the morning after the 
Sabbath ; and he set his servants to watch the gates. 



A. M. 3545.] BOOK OF ESTHER. 269 

40. What other service did he do for the Jews ? 

He found that many had married wives of Aramon, of 
Ashdod. and Moab, and that the children spoke half in the 
speech of these nations, and could not speak the Jcavs' lan- 
guage. Also a grandson of Eliashib, the high-priest, had 
married a daughter of Sanballat. All those who had married 
strange wives, he obliged to put them awaj. 

After an account of the way in which he corrected all 
these abuses, he closes the book by an ejaculatory prayer. 
Remember me, O my God, for good. 



ESTHEE. 

B.C. 460-440 A.M. 3545-8565. 



1. What are the order and leading subjects of this book ? 

It is a narrative of a most singular deliverance of the Jews 
from the brink of universal destruction. Esther is made 
queen, and Mordecai a favorite at court. Proud Haman 
plots the destruction of all the Jews, and artfully obtains their 
death-warrant to be sealed with the king's ring. Esther, 
Mordecai, and all the Jews, are overwhelmed with grief and 
consternation. Haman's particular plot against Mordecai's 
life falls on himself; and his general plan to ruin the Jews is 
also defeated. The Jews ordain a feast called Purim, to per- 
petuate their deliverance through all generations. Tlie whole 
story confirms the Psalmist's observation {Ps. xxxvii. 12, 13) : 
" The wicked plotteth against the just, and gnasheth upon him 
with his teeth. Tlie Lord shall laugh at him, for he seeth 
that his day is coming." 



270 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 4.58. 

The histoiy occupies a period of about twenty years.^ 

2. What is especially taught in this book ? 

The providence of God. The name of God is not in the 
book, but his finger in it is clearly seen. Perhaps this omis- 
sion was designed. Facts well known concerning the wor- 
shipers of Jehovah, the plot formed for their extirpation, and 
tlieir wonderful deliverance, were thus simply stated, in order 
tliat eveiy reader might judge for himself whether the facts 
did not demonstrate that the God of the Jews was the Great 
Ruler of the Universe. 



CHAPTER I. 

AHASUERUS. YASHTI. MOKDECAI. 

CiT. L[ — 8. Who was King of Persia* at this time; and what was the 

extent of his dominions ? 

Ahasuerus ; and he reigned from India to Ethiopia, over a 
hundred and twenty-seven provinces. 

4. In the third year of his reign, what royal feasts were made ? 
There were three. One which he made for his princes 

and nobles, lasting a hundred and eighty days. The second 
he made for all the people, great and small, which lasted 
seven days, and was held in the court of the garden of the 
palace. A third, Yashti the queen made for the women in 
the royal house. 

5. Relate the occurrences which resulted in the divorce of Yashti, 
On the seventh day of the feast, when the heart of the king 

was merry with wine, he sent seven chamberlains to bring in 
Yashti the queen, that all the princes and people might see 

1 As the books of Ezra and Nehemiah show the care of God over his people in 
their own laud, so the book of Esther very suitably follows, showing his care over 
Buch as were scattered abroad. 

" Esther contains a true picture of the manners of the Persian court. 



A. M. 3547.] VASHTI.— MORDECAI. 271 

her beauty. The queen refused to come, probably because 
it was contrary to the custom of the Persians for the women 
to appear in public. This enraged the king. His auger 
burned in him ; and he counseled with his wise men how 
she should be punished. As the result of their deliberations 
they followed the advice of one of their number, Memucan, 
that Yashti be put awa}^, and her royal estate given to 
another ; lest other women, hearing what the queen had 
done, should follow her example, and despise their husbands. 

Ch. it.} — 6. What plan was proposed to supply the place of Yashti? 

To gather together all the fair young virgins in the prov- 
inces unto Shushan the palace, and let the king choose one 
from among them. 

7. Who was chosen ? Give some account of her. 

Esther, a Jewish maiden, pleased the king, and obtained 
grace and favor in his sight above all the maidens. And he 
set the royal crown on her head, and made her queen instead 
of Yashti. She had neither father nor mother alive, but had 
been brought up by Mordecai, her cousin, as his own daugh- 
ter. She was fair and beautiful ; so when the decree of the king 
was heard, and many maidens were gathered together, Mor- 
decai brought her up also to the king's house ; but charged 
her that she should not make known who were her kindred. 

8. How was Esther's marriage celebrated ? 

The king made a great feast to all his princes and servants. 
He made a release to the provinces, and gave gifts. Then 
Moi*decai sat in the king's gate — -probably as door-keeper of 
the court. 

9. What conspiracy did Mordecai discover against the king? 

He found that two of the chamberlains sought the king's 
life ; and he told it to Esther, who certified the king thereof 
in Mordecai's name. Inquisition was made, it was found 
out, and the conspirators were hanged. And it was written 
in the book of the Chronicles of the King. 



272 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 450. 



CHAPTEK II. 



Ch. hi.} — 10. Who was Haman; and what aroused his indignation? 

He was an Amalekite, and a favorite of the king, who had 
promoted him over all the princes, and commanded that all 
should reverence him. Mordecai alone refused.^ When Ha- 
man saw that Mordecai bowed not, nor did him reverence, he 
was full of wrath. 

11. What was Hainan's general plot? 

To destroy not only Mordecai, but the whole nation to 
which he belonged. Haman went before the king, and gave 
a false and malicious representation of the Jews and their 
character. He made the king believe they were a dangerous 
people, and that it would not be for his safety or credit to 
harbor them. Accordingly, as Haman desired, the king sent 
letters to destroy, to kill, and cause to perish all Jews, both 
young and old, little children and women, in one day, upon 
the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, Adar;^ and to take 
the spoil of them for a prey. 

Oh. YV.} — 12. When this decree was known, how did it affect the 
Jews ? 

Mordecai rent his clothes, put on sackcloth with ashes, and 
went out into the midst of the city, and cried with a loud and 
bitter cry. And among all the Jews there was great mourn- 
ing, and fasting, and weeping; and many lay in sackcloth 
and ashes. 



» Mordecai acted conscientiously. He thought it an injustice to his nation to 
give such honor to an Amalekite, one of that devoted nation with whom God had 
sworn he M^ould have perpetual war {Exod. xvii. 16), and concerning whom he had 
given that solemn charge, Rememher wliat Amalek did. Deut. xxv. 17. 

' Corresponding to February. 



A. M. 3555.] ESTHER'S MESSAGES TO MORDECAI. "^i6 

13. What were tlie various messages Esther sent to Mordecai, and his 
reply to each ? 

When Esther " heard of Mordecai's mourning, she was ex- 
ceedingly grieved, and sent raiment to clothe him, that he 
might put away his sackcloth, but he received it not. She 
then called Hatach, one of the king's chamberlains, who was 
appointed to attend upon her, and sent him to Mordecai to 
know what it was, and why it was. Mordecai told him of 
what had happened — of the money that Haman had promised 
the king ; he gave him a copy of the decree to show to Esther, 
and a charge to Esther that she should supplicate the king for 
her people. In her second message to Mordecai she reminded 
him of a law, that one going in to the king without being 
called was liable to be put to death, unless the king should 
hold out to him the golden scepter ; and she had not been 
called to come unto him for thirty days. Mordecai returned 
answer, Think not with thyself that thou shalt escape in the 
king's house, more than all the Jews. For if thou altogether 
boldest thy peace at this time, then shall there enlargement 
and deliverance arise to the Jews from another place ; but 
thou and thy father's house shall be destroyed : and who 
knoweth whether thou art come to the kingdom for such a 
time as this? Esther then sent a third message, that he 
would call together all the Jews that w^ere in Shushan, and 
fast for three days, and she and her maidens would fast also, 
after which she would go in to the king, which is not ac- 
cording to the law ; " and if I perish, I perish." 

Ch. V.} — 14. Give an account of the interview between the king and 
queen. 

On the third day she put on her royal apparel, and stood 
in the iimer court of the king's house ; and she obtained favor 
in the king's sight, and he held out to her the golden scepter. 
Then Esther drew near, and touched the top of the scepter ; 
and the king said, What is thy petition, Queen Esther? and 
it shall be given thee, to the half of the kingdom. She then 

12<» 



274 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 450. 

desired that the king and Haniaii should come that day to 
the banquet she had prepared for him. 

15. What was her request at the banquet? 

That he and Ham an should come again the next day to 
the banquet she would prepare, and then she would make 
known her petition. 

16. What is said of Hainan after he left this banquet of the queen? 
He went forth joyful, and greatly elated with his honors. 

But he saw that Mordecai still paid him no reverence. Then 
he w^ent home, and called together his friends and his wife, 
and told them of his riches, of his children, and his honors, 
and that even Esther, the queen, had invited no one but him- 
self, with the king, to her banquets ; but all this availed him 
nothing, so long as he saw Mordecai sitting in the king's 
gate. 

17. What was the suggestion of his wife and family? 

That he should cause a gallows, fifty cubits high, to be 
erected, and on the morrow speak to the king that Mordecai 
be hanged on it. 



CHAPTER III. 



Ch. VI. [—18. What is said of the king on that night ? 

He could not sleep ; and he commanded the records of the 
kingdom to be brought and read to him. He there found 
that Mordecai had discovered a conspiracy of two of the 
chamberlains against the king's life, and, on making inquiry, 
he was told that Mordecai's service had never been rewarded. 
Hearing that Haman stood in the outer court, he sent for 
him, and said to him, What shall be done to the man whom 
the king delighteth to honor? 



A. M. 3555.] HONORS PAID TO MORDECAT. 275 

19. What was Haman's reply? 

He thought in his heart, To whom would the king delight 
to do honor, more than to myself ? So he answered. Let that 
man be clothed in the royal apparel, with the royal crown 
upon his head ; let him ride on the king's horse, and one of 
the king's most noble princes bring him on horseback through 
the street of the city, and .proclaim before him, Thus shall it 
be done to the man whom the king delighteth to honor. 

20. "What was the king's direction ? 

That Haman should make haste, and take the apparel, and 
the horse, and do to Mordecai all this that he had spoken, 
charging him to let nothing fail. Then took Haman the ap- 
parel and the horse, and arrayed Mordecai, and brought him 
on horseback through the street of the city, and proclaimed 
before him. Thus shall it be done unto the man whom the 
king delighteth to honor. 

21. After Haman had conferred these honors upon Mordecai, how did 
he return home the second time ? 

He hasted home mourning, and with his head covered : 
and he told his wife and friends every thing that had befallen 
him. Then his wise men and his wife said to him, If Morde- 
cai be of the seed of the Jews, before whom thou hast begun 
to fall, thou shalt not prevail, but shalt surely fall before him. 
And while they were yet talking, the king's chamberlains 
came and hasted him to the banquet of the queen. 

Cn. yil. [ — 22. What were the events of the second banquet? 

The king urged Esther the third time to tell her request ; 
and repeated his promise, that it should be performed, even 
to the half of the kingdom. Then said Esther, If I have 
found favor in thy sight, O king, let my life be given me at 
my petition, and my people at my request. For we are sold, 
I and my people, to be destroyed. The king answered. Who 
is he, and where is he, that durst presume in his heart to do 
so ? And Esther said, The adversary and enemy is this wicked 
Haman. Then Haman was afraid before the king and queen. 



276 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. o. 440. 

23. What was the fate of Haman? 

He attempted to make request for his life. But the king, 
in his great wrath, ordered him to be hanged ; and he was 
hanged on the gallows he had made for Mordecai. 

Oh. VIII.}— 24. What became of his estate? 

It was given to Esther ; and when she informed the king 
of her relation to Mordecai, he gave Mordecai the ring which 
had been Haman's, and set him over the house of Haman. 

25. What additional request did Esther make ? 

She fell down at his feet, and besought him with tears that 
he would put away the mischief of Haman, and his device 
against the Jews. For how, said she, can I endure to see the 
evil that shall come unto my people, and the destruction of 
my kindred ? 

26. To what extent did the king grant her request? 

He could not reverse the decree he had once written, but 
he permitted Mordecai to write another, and to seal it with 
the king's ring, authorizing the Jews, on the thirteenth day 
of Adar, to be ready to defend themselves, to stand for their 
lives, and repel every assault. And the posts were hastened 
and pressed on by the king's commandment. 

27. What contrast may we notice between the effects of these decrees 
of Ahasuerus respecting the Jews ? 

At the first decree, Mordecai was clothed in sackcloth, and 
the Jews were weeping and fasting ; at the second, Mordecai 
went out from the j)resence of the king in royal apparel, of 
blue, and white, and purple, and a great crown of gold. 
And the Jews had light, and gladness, and joy, and honor, 
a feast and a good day. 

Ch. IX.} — 28. What happened on the da^^ appointed to slay the Jews? 

The Jews were aided by their rulers, and slew many of 
their enemies. In Shushan, on the first day, five hundred 
were slain ; on the second, three hundred ; and throughout 
the provinces, seventy-five thousand. 



A. M. 3565. J FEAST OF PURIM. 277 

29. What was the fate of Haman's ten sons ? 

At the request of Esther, they were hanged. 

30. What feast was appointed in commemoration of this deliverance ? 
The feast of Purhn.^ Esther and Mordecai appointed that 

the fourteenth and fifteenth days of the month Adar should 
be kept as days of feasting and gladness, and be observed 
throughout all their generations. 

31. Are these days still observed by the Jews? 

They are. On the thirteenth day of the month, there is a 
fast observed in remembrance of that kept by Esther, when 
she presented her suit to the king. On the evening of the 
fourteenth and the m.orning of the fifteenth, there is a service 
in the synagogue, in which the narrative of the Jews' deliver- 
ance, and of the overthrow of their enemies, is read from the 
book of Esther. It is a time of much social joy and of send- 
ing presents to one another. 

Ch. X.} — 32. What is said of the advancement and fame of Mor- 
decai ? 

He had a history of his usefulness and greatness recorded 
with that of the king in the Chronicles of Persia. He was 
next unto Ahasuerus, and great among all the Jews, seeking 
the wealth of his people, and speaking peace to all his seed.^ 

1 It was called the feast of Purim, from Pwr, a Persian word which signifies a lot ; 
because Homrai had by lot determined this to be the time of the Jews' destruction, 
while the lord, at whose disposal the lot is, had predetermined it to be the time 
of their triumph. Is. xliv. 25, 26. 

" There is :n the book of Esther a beautiful illustration of the connection of eventy 
as ordered bj Providence. If Vashti had not displeased Ahasuerus — if his coun- 
selors had no; advised her repudiation — if Esther had not been selected as her suc- 
cessor — if Moidecai's good deed had not been neglected at the time — if the lot used 
by Haman hadnot fallen upon the remotest month of the year — if the sleep of the 
king had not Irft him — if the chronicles of the kingdom had not been called for — 
if that portion ^f them which related to Mordecai's good deed had not been the 
passage read— il the king had not now been moved to reward him — if his regard 
for Esther had n»t been revived — and, in a word, if any one of the events recorded 
in the book had rot happened in the time and way related, it would have been like 
the breaking of alink iu the chain : Mordecai and his people might have been ex- 
terminated. — T. B. 



278 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 60G. 



DANIEL. 

B.C. 607-534 A.M. 3398-3471. 



1. Give the order and leading subjects of this book. 

The first six chapters, the second excepted, are historical, 
and describe many very remarkable events which took place 
in Babylon in Daniel's time : viz., the erection of an image 
on the plain of Dura, and the casting of the three Hebrews 
into the furnace ; the driving of E"ebuchadnezzar from the 
throne to the beasts of the field, and his restoration ; Belshaz- 
zar's impious feast, and the fall of Babylon ; and the throw- 
ing of Daniel into the den of lions. The six last chapters 
are prophetical, and contain prophecies that extend from the 
days of Daniel to the Millennium. 

2. Give a brief account of Daniel's history. 

He descended from the royal family of Judah, and at the 
age of twenty was carried into Babylon. This event hap- 
pened in the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim, king of 
Judah, and in the first year of E"ebuchadnezzar's reign. He 
continued in Babylon throughout the whole of the captivity. 

3. Have we any account of his ever returning to the land of Israel? 
We have not. It is thought that he died at Susa, on the 

Tigris, when upward of ninety years old. 

4. When did he begin his prophetical oflSce ? 

More than twenty years before Jeremiah had fiaished, and 
thirteen years before Ezekiel began, and continued for many 
years after them both ; in all, about seventy-threa years. 

5. How are his prophecies divided? 

. Into five distinct branches. First, The civil iiistory of the 



A.M. 3399] DANIEL TRAINED IN CHALDEE LEARNING. 279 

world. Second, The Papacy. Third, Mohammedanism. 
Fourth, The reign of Infidelity. Fifth, The reign of the 
Saints. 



CHAPTER I. 



DKEAM. THE INTERPRETATION. 



Ch. I. } — 6. Give an account of Nebuchadnezzar's expedition to Jeru- 
salem and its success. 

In the first year of his reign, he came to Jerusalem, and 
besieged it. And the Lord gave Jehoiakim into his hand, 
with part of the vessels of the house of God, and he brought 
them into the land of Shinar, into the house of his god. 

7. What command did the king give to Ashpenaz, the master of his 
eunuchs ? 

Tliat he would bring certain of the children of Israel, of 
the king's seed and of the princes — those who were well fa- 
vored, who had wisdom and understanding in science^that 
they might stand in the king's palace, and to whom they 
might teach the learning and tongue of the Chaldeans. 

8. Mention some of those who were brought to Babylon. 
Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. 

9. Give the definition of these names. 

Daniel, God is my Judge. Hananiah, The Grace of the 
Lord. Mishael, He that is the strong God. Azariah, The 
Lord is a Help. 

10. To make them forget the God of their fathers, what names were 
were given to them in Babylon ? 

Names that savored of Chaldean idolatry. Daniel was 
called Belteshazzar, which signifies, Keeper of the hid treas- 
ures of Bel. Hananiah, Shadrach, The inspiration of the 



280 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. co3. 

Sun, which the Chaldeans worshiped. Mishael, Meshach, 
Of the goddess Shach, nndea* which name Yeniis was wor- 
shiped. Azariah, Abed-nego, Servant of the shining Fire, 
which they also worshiped. 

11. Did Daniel and his companions eat the meat and drink the wine 
assigned them by the king? 

They did not. Daniel asked Melzar, who was placed over 
them, for pulse and water. This was given them ten days, 
and then their countenances compared with the countenances 
of those who ate of the king's portion ; and they were found 
to be fairer, and fatter in flesh than those who ate the king's 
meat. So the king's portion of meat and wine was taken 
away, and Melzar gave them pulse still. 

12. How did their learning and wisdom compare with that of the as- 
trologers and magicians of Babylon ? 

In all matters of wisdom and understanding, the king found 
them to be ten times better than all the magicians that were 
in his realm. 

Ch. II.} — 18. Mention an instance in which Daniel's wisdom was 
brought to the king's notice. 

It was in the recital and interpretation of a dream which 
troubled ^Nebuchadnezzar, and which he had forgotten. 

14. To whom did the king first apply to make known the dream, and 

what results followed ? 

He called together the magicians, the astrologers, the sor- 
cerers, and the Chaldeans, and demanded of them the dream, 
with its interpretation. They were confounded, and in reply 
said, Show us the dream, and we will make known the inter- 
pretation. The king answered. The thing is gone from me. 
If ye will not make known unto me the dream, with the 
interpretation thereof, ye shall be cut in pieces, and your 
houses shall be made a dunghill. But if ye will show the, 
dream, with its interpretation, ye shall receive gifts and great 
honor. The Chaldeans replied. There is not a man upon the 



A. M. 3402.] NEBUCHADNEZZAR'S DREAM. 281 

earth that can make known the king's matter. And they 
showed the unreasonableness of the request by stating there 
was no king or ruler who had ever before made such a re- 
quest. Then [N^ebuchadnezzar was very furious, and com- 
manded that all the wise men in Babylon should be slain. 

15. What prevented the execution of this decree ? 

Daniel heard of it, and said, Why is the decree so hasty 
from the king? Then he went to the king and desired of him 
time, and he w^ould show the dream. He then made the 
thing known to his three companions, and they united in de- 
siring mercies of the God of heaven concerning the secret, 
that they might not perish with the wise men. God revealed 
it to Daniel in a night vision, and Daniel blessed God for the 
revelation. " Blessed be the name of God for ever and ever : 
for wisdom and might are his. And he changeth the times 
and the seasons ; he removeth kings, and he setteth up kings ; 
he giveth wisdom unto the wise, and knowledge to them that 
know understanding. He revealeth the deep and secret 
things ; he knoweth what is in the darkness, and the light 
dwelleth with him. I thank thee, and praise thee, O thou 
God of my fathers, who hast given me wisdom and might, 
and hast made known unto me now what we desired of thee : 
for thou hast now made known unto us the king's matter." 
And Daniel went in to the king. 

16. What did he say to the king? 

He told him the w^ise men could not show the secret to the 
king. " But there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets, 
and maketh known to the king what shall be in the latter 
days. But as for me, this secret is not revealed to me for 
any wnsdom that I have more than any living, but that thou 
mightest know the thoughts of thy heart." 

17. Repeat the dream — with the interpretation. 

Thou, O king, sawest, and behold, a great image. This 
great image, whose brightness was excellent, stood before 



282 BIBLE HISTORY. [b.c.580. 

tliee, and the form thereof was terrible. His head was of 
fine gold, his breasts and arms of silver, his belly and thighs 
of brass, his legs of iron, his feet part of iron and part of 
clay. Thou sawest till that a stone was cnt out without 
hands, which smote the image upon his feet and brake them 
to pieces. Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, 
and the gold, broken to pieces together, and became like the 
chaff, and the wind carried them away ; and the stone that 
smote the image became a great mountain, and filled the 
whole earth. This is the dream ; and we will tell the inter- 
pretation thereof : Thou, O king, art a king of kings ; for 
the God of heaven hath given thee a kingdom, power, and 
strength, and glory. Thou art this head of gold. And after 
thee shall arise another kingdom inferior to thee, and another 
third kingdom of brass, which shall bear rule over all the 
earth. And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron ; and 
as iron breaketh in pieces all things, shall it break in pieces 
and bruise. And whereas thou sawest the feet and toes part 
of iron and part of clay, the kingdom shall be divided, and 
be partly strong and partly broken. And in the days of 
these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom which 
shall never be destroyed ; it shall break in pieces and con- 
sume all these kingdoms, and shall stand forever. Forasmuch 
as thou sawest that the stone was cut out of the mountain 
without hands, and that it brake in pieces the iron, the clay, 
the brass, the silver, and the gold ; the great God hath made 
known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter. 

18. What effect had this revelation on the king? 

He fell upon his face and worshiped Daniel, and com- 
manded that they should offer an oblation and sweet odors to 
him. He acknowledged also that God is a God of gods, and 
a Lord of kings, and a revealer of secrets. He then made 
Daniel a great man, gave him many great gifts, and made 
him ruler over the whole province of Babylon, and chief of 
the governors and all the wise men. 



A. M. 3425.] THE THREE HEBREWS. 283 

19. What request did Daniel make for his friends? 

He desired that Shadrach, Mesliach, and Abed-nego might 
be set over the affairs of the province of Babylon ; which 
was granted. 



CHAPTEE II. 



VISION OF THE GKEAT TREE. HIS DEGRADATION. 

Ch. III. [ — 20. After thus recognizing the God of heaven, what idol- 
atrous decree did Nebuchadnezzar make ? 

He set up a golden image in the plain of Dura, and called 
together all the princes, and governors, and captains, and 
judges — the treasurers, the counselors, and sheriffs, and rulers, 
to come to the dedication of the image he had set up. Then 
a herald proclaimed that at the sound of the cornet, flute, 
harp, sackbut, psaltery, dulcimer, and all kinds of music, all 
should fall down and worship the image ; and that those who 
fell not down, should be cast into a burning fiery furnace. 

21. How did Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego incur the king's dis- 
pleasure ? 

By refusing to worship this image ; and certain Chaldeans 
reported to the king that Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego 
regarded not him, nor served his gods. 

22. What course did the king then pursue against these men ? 

He ordered them to be brought before him, and asked 
them if it was true that they did not serve his gods, nor 
worship the golden image. He gave them one more ojDpor- 
tunity of showing their obedience, by worshiping it when 
they heard the sound of the music ; and reminded them, that, 
in case of refusal, his decree should be executed upon them, 
and they should be cast into the fiery furnace. " And who 
is that God that shall deliver you out of my hands ?" 



284 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 570. 

23. Give their reply. 

" O E'ebnchadnezzar, we are not careful to answer thee in 
this matter. If it be so, onr God whom we serve is able to 
deliver us from the burning fiery furnace ; and lie will de- 
liver us out of thy hand, O king. But if not, be it known 
unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor w^or- 
ship the golden image which thou hast set up." 

24r. What was the king's procedure ? 

He was full of furj^, and commanded that they should heat 
the furnace seven times more than it was wont to be heated. 
Then he commanded his most mighty men to bind Shadrach, 
Meshach, and Abed-nego, and cast them in. And because 
the king was urgent, and the furnace exceeding hot, the flame 
slew those men that cast them in. 

25. What is said of the king when he looked into the furnace? 

He was astonished, and rose up in haste and said to his 
counselors, Did we not cast three men bound into the midst 
of the fire ? They said, True, O king. He answered, I see 
four men loose, walking in the midst of the fire, and they 
have no hurt; and the form of the fourth is like the Son 
of God. Then he came near the mouth of the furnace and 
called them to come forth. And all the great men gathered 
together, and found not any mark of fire on them. Then 
ISTebuchadnezzar acknowledged God the second time ; and 
he said, Blessed be the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed- 
nego, who hath sent his angel and delivered his servants that 
trusted in Him, and changed the king's word, that they might 
not serve or worship any god except their own God. And 
the king made a decree that no one should speak against the 
God that can deliver after this sort. And he promoted them 
in the province of Babylon. 

Ch. IV.} — 26. Give Nebuchadnezzar's proclamation, and the substance 
of the second dream. 

, " Nebuchadnezzar the king, unto all people, nations, and 



A. M. 3435] VISION OF THE GREAT TREE. 285 

languages that dwell in all the earth : Peace be multiplied 
unto jou. I thought it good to show the signs and wonders 
that the high God hath wrought toward me. How great are 
his signs ! and how mighty are his wonders ! His kingdom 
is an everlasting kingdom, and his dominion is from genera- 
tion to generation." Nebuchadnezzar then said, that while 
he was at rest and flourishing in his palace, he had a dream 
that made him afraid. He saw a tree in the midst of the 
earth, which grew and was strong, and reached to heaven, 
and was seen to the ends of the earth. Its leaves were fair, 
its fruit was meat for all, the beasts were under its shadow, 
and the fowls in its boughs. A watcher and a holy one 
came down from heaven, and commanded to hew down the 
tree, to cut off its branches, and scatter its leaves and fruit — 
only to leave the stump of its roots in the ground, and let it 
be wet with the dew of heaven ; and let his portion be with 
the beasts in the grass of the earth ; let his heart be changed ; 
let a beast's heart be given to him, and let seven times pass 
over him. 

27. How was the dream interpreted ? 

Tlie magicians, astrologers, soothsayers, and Chaldeans 
were brought in, but they could not interpret it. Daniel 
then Avas called ; and when he heard the relation, he was 
astonished for an hour, and his thoughts troubled him. The 
king said, Belteshazzar, let not the dream nor the interpreta- 
tion trouble thee. And he answ^ered, "My lord, the dream 
be to them that hate thee, and the interpretation thereof to 
thine enemies." He then represented the tree to signify 
King Nebuchadnezzar, in his greatness, and dominion, and 
strength. But he should be driven from men, his dwelling 
should be with the beasts of the field, he should eat grass as 
oxen, and be wet with the dew of heaven, until he should 
know that the Most High ruleth. 

28. What was Daniel's advice to the king? 

Wherefore, O king, let my counsel be acceptable unto 



286 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 538. 

thee, and break off thy sins by righteousness, and thine in- 
iquities by showing mercy unto the poor, if it may be a 
lengthening of thy tranquillity. 

29. Give an account of the respite, the fulfillment, and the restoration. 
God gave him twelve months for repentance ; but, instead 

of repenting, he was found, at the end of that time, boasting 
in his palace at Babylon. 

He walked in his palace and said, " Is not this great Baby- 
lon, that I have built for the house of my kingdom, by the 
might of my power, and for the honor of my majesty ?" And 
while the word was in his mouth, a voice fell from heaven 
pronouncing the execution of the sentence. That his kingdom 
was departed from him, and that he should be driven from 
men, until he should know that the Most High ruleth in the 
kingdom of men, and giveth it to whomsoever he will. The 
same hour the thing was fulfilled upon him ; he was driven 
from men, did eat grass as oxen, his body was wet with the 
dew of heaven, until his hairs were grown like eagles' feathers, 
'and his nails like birds' claws. 

His restoration came at the time appointed. He then lifted 
up his eyes to heaven, and his understanding returned to him ; 
and he blessed, and praised, and honored the Most High, that 
liveth forever, and doeth according to his will in the army of 
heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth. At the same 
time, the glory of his kingdom, his honor and brightness, re- 
turned unto him ; his counselors and lords sought unto him ; 
he was established in his kingdom, and excellent majesty 
was added unto him. 

Nebuchadnezzar closed his account of these events by 
praising God. " ISTow I, J^ebuchadnezzar, praise, and extol, 
and honor the King of heaven, all whose works are truth, 
and his ways judgment; and those that walk in pride he is 
able to abase." 

30. What was the length of Nebuchadnezzar's reign? 

, Forty-five years from its commencement. He had reigned 



A. M. 3467.] BELSHAZZAR'S FEAST. 287 

thirty-six years at the time of this dream ; he reigned one 
year after it before being driven out ; his madness lasted for 
seven years, and he lived one year after his restoration. He 
died twenty-three years before the city was taken by Cyrus. 



CHAPTEK III. 

BELSHAZZAr's feast, terrors, and death. PANIEL EXALTED. 

CAST TO THE LIONS. 

Ch. V.| — 31. Who succeeded Kebuchadnezzar ? 
Belshazzar. 

32. Give an account of Belshazzar's impious feast, and of the incidents 
connected with it. 

He made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank 
wine with them. And he brought the gold and silver vessels 
which [N'ebuchadnezzar had taken from the Temple at Jeru- 
salem, and they drank wine from them and praised their 
gods. In the same hour there came forth the fingers of a 
man's hand, and wrote over against the candlestick, upon 
the wall of the palace ; and the king saw the part of the 
hand that wTote. Then the king's countenance was changed, 
his thoughts troubled him so that the joints of his loins were 
loosed, and his knees smote one against another. And he 
cried to bring in the astrologers, Chaldeans, and soothsayers, 
and promised that whoever would read the writing and show 
the interpretation, should be clothed with scarlet, and have 
a chain of gold about his neck, and be the third ruler in the 
kingdom. But none of them were able to read the writing. 
Then the queen came in and recommended Daniel, and told 
the king of his reputation in the time of Nebuchadnezzar. 
And Daniel was brought in. 

33, How did the king address Daniel ? 

"Art thou that Daniel whom my father brought out of 



288 BIBLE HISTOKY. [b. o. 537. 

Jewry ? I have heard of thee, that the spirit of the gods is 
in thee, and that light and understanding and excellent wis- 
dom is found in thee." He then promised Daniel the same 
rewards that he had promised to the Chaldeans. 

34. What was Daniel's answer ? 

^' Let thy gifts be to thyself, and give thy rewards to an- 
other ; yet I will read the writing unto the king, and make 
known to him the interpretation." He then related to the 
king the story of JSTebnchadnezzar's pride and humiliation, 
and reproved him for his own sins, " And thou his son, O 
Belshazzar, hast not humbled thy heart, though thou knewest 
all this ; but hast lifted up thyself against the Lord of heaven ; 
and they have brought the vessels of his house before thee, 
and thou and thy lords, thy waives and thy concubines, have 
drunk wine in them ; and thou hast praised the gods that see 
not, nor hear, nor know ; and the God in whose hand thy 
breath is, and whose are all thy ways, hast thou not glo- 
rified. 

35. How did he read and interpret the writing ? 

Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin. Mene, God hath numbered 
thy kingdom and finished it. Tekel, Thou art weighed in 
the balances and art found wanting. Peres, Tliy kingdom is 
divided and given to the Medes and Persians. 

36. What occurred that night ? 

Belshazzar was slain, and Darius the Median took the 
kingdom. 

Cn. VI.} — 37. What is the first act mentioned in the reign of Darius? 

He set over the kingdom a hundred and twenty princes, 
and over these three presidents, of whom Daniel w^as first, 
because an excellent spirit was in him ; and so much was he 
preferred, that Darius thought to set him over the whole 
realm, both on account of his personal merit and fitness for 
business. 



A. M. 3468.] DANIEL IN THE LIONS' DEN. 289 

88. What was the effect of this preferment on the other presidents and 
princes ? 

It excited their envy, and they determined his ruin ;^ but 
they could find nothing against him concerning the kingdom, 
because he was faithful, neither was there any error or fault 
found in him ; and they said. We shall not find any occasion 
against this Daniel, except we find it against him concerning 
the law of his God. The presidents and princes then assem- 
bled together and consulted to establish a royal statute and 
make a firm decree, that whosoever should ask a petition of 
any god or man for thirty days, save of the king, should be 
cast into the den of lions. They then brought the decree to 
the king, that he should sign it, which he did. 

39. Did Daniel regard this decree ? 

He did not. He went into his chamber and prayed three 
times a day, with his windows toward Jerusalem, as he did 
before. 

40. What was the result of his disobedience ? 

His enemies came and accused Daniel before the king, 
they said, " That Daniel, which is of the children of the cap- 
tivity of Judah, regardeth not thee, O king, nor the decree 
that thou hast signed, but maketh his petition three times a 
day." Then the king was greatly displeased with himself, 
and set his heart on Daniel to deliver him ; and he labored 
until the going down of the sun to deliver him. But the 
men assembled and said to the king. Know, O king, that 
the law of the Medes and Persians is. That no decree nor 
statute which the king establisheth may be changed. So 
Daniel was cast into the den of lions. The king spent the 
night fasting ; no instruments of music were brought before 
him, and sleep went from him. Then the king arose very 

^ The better a man is, the worse is he thought of by his rivals. Solomon complains 
of envy as a vexation, — that for every right work a man is envied of his neighbor. 
Eccles. iv. 4. Also Proo. xxvii. 4. Wrath is cruel, and anger is outrageous, but who 
is able to stand before envy. 

18 



/ 



290 BIBLE HISTORY. [b. c. 534. 

early in the morning, and went in haste unto the den of lions, 
and cried with a lamentable voice, O Daniel, servant of the 
living Grod, is thy God, whom thou servest continually, able 
to deliver thee from the lions ? 



Then said Daniel unto the king, O king, live forever. My 
God hath sent his angel, and hath shut the lions' mouths, 
that they have not hurt me : forasmuch as before him inno- 
cency was found in me ; and also before thee, O king, have 
I done no hurt. Then was the king exceeding glad for him, 
and commanded that they should take Daniel up out of the 
den. So Daniel was taken up out of the den, and no manner 
of hurt was found upon him, because he believed in his God. 

42. How did the king punish Daniel's accusers ? 

He commanded, and they brought those men which had 
accused Daniel, and they cast them into the den of lions — 
them, their children, and their wives ; and the lions had the 
mastery of them, and brake all their bones in pieces or ever 
they came at the bottom of the den. 

43. "What was the object of the king's next decree? 

To magnify God. King Darius wrote unto all people, 
nations, and languages, that dwell in all the earth. Peace be 
multiplied unto you. I make a decree, that in every domin- 
ion of my kingdom men tremble and fear before the God of 
Daniel ; for he is the living God, and steadfast forever, and 
his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed, and his do- 
minion shall be even unto the end. He delivei'eth and res- 
cueth, and he worketh signs and wonders in heaven and in 
earth, who hath delivered Daniel from the power of the lions. 

44. What further do we know of Daniel in Babylon ? 

He prospered in the reign of Darius, and in the reign of 
Cyrus the Persian. 



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D AV I E S' 

Complete Course of Mathematics. 

3Elementav2 Course. Retail rnca 

DAVTES' PRIMARY ARITHMETIC AND TABLE-BOOK $0 15 

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DAVIES' INTELLECTUAL ARITHMETIC 25 

DAVIES' NEW SCHOOL ARITHMETIC 45 

KEY TO DAVIES' NEW SCHOOL ARITHMETIC 45 

DAVIES' NEW UNIVERSITY ARITHMETIC 75 

KEY TO DAVIES' NEW UNIVERSITY ARITHMETIC 50 

DA VIES' GRAMMAR OF ARITHMETIC 30 

DAViES' NEW^ ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA 75 

KEY TO DAVIES' NEW ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA 50 

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^Hbattceti Course. 

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DAVIES' ELEMENTS OF SURVEYING 1 50 

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DAVIES' DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL CALCULUS 1 25 

DAVIES' DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY 2 00 

DAVIES' SHADES. SHADOWS, AND PERSPECTIVE 2 50 

DAVIES' LOGIC OF MATHEMATICS 1 25 

DAVIES' MATHEMATICAL DICTIONARY 2 50 

Da vies' Mathematical Cuart (Sheet) 25 

This Series, oomljining all that is most valuable in the various methods of European 
instruction, ini[»rove(l and matured by the su^'ge-stions of nearly forty yeai's" exi>f licnce, 
now forms ihe only complete consecutive Cowi^e of M(tthi-mnticn. Its ruetiiods, 
harmonizing as the work of one mind, carry the student onward hy the same anaUigies 
and the same laws of association, and are calculated ti> impart a comprelien.^iv c kmiwl- 
edge of the science, combining clearness in the several branches, and unity and pmpor- 
tion in the whole. The higher Books — in connection wiih Prof. ChurdCa Cdlcidui 
and Anali/tical GeunietDj—iwe the Text-books in the Military Aciuiemies of the 
United States. The Superintendents of Public Instruction in very many States 
have officially recommended this Series. It is adopted and in successful use in the 
Normal Schools of New York. Michigan, Connecticut, and other States, and in a 
larice proporti— i of the best Schools, Academies, and Colleges of the Union. The 
Revised Editions of the Arithmetics embody all the latest a"nd most approved pro- 
ces.-ies of imparting a knovvledge of the science of numbers. 

A. S. Baknes & BuKR have the pleasure of announcing an KNTiiiELY Nkw Work.. 
by Professor Davies, entitled 

Comprising the First Principles of the Science 
Also, just issued, 

UNIVERSITY ALGEBRA, 

Kmbradng the Logical Development of the Science, with numerous graded examjiles 
The above works combine, with the Bourdon's .Algebra, to form a complitc and 
con.-ecutive course — leading the [)upil fiom the most elementary principles to the 
oonslderation of the most difficult problems of tlie science. 

A S. BARNES & BURS, Publishers, 

51 & 53 John Street, Now STork. 



RECOMMENDATIONS OE DAVIES' MATHEMATICS. 



Daa-iks' Coursp:; of Mathematics are the prominent Text-Books in most 
of the Colleges of the United States, and also in the various Schools and 
Academies throughout the Union. 

York, Pa., Aug. 28, 185S. 

Davies'' Series of Mathematics I deem the very best I ever saw. From a number 
of authors I selected it, after a cnret'ul jieru-al. as a course of study to be pursued by 
tlie Teachers attending- the sessions of the Yoil^ Co. Normal School -tn-lievin£: it, also 
to W, well ada])teil to the wants of the schools throuchonr. our country. A'reaily two 
h.jndred schools are supplied with Daviis" valuable Ssrien of Afiilimeticx ; and I 
fully believe that in a very short time the Teachers of onr conuti-y en mo.sfie will bo 
engaged in imparting instruction through the medium of this new and easy method 
of analysis of numbers. A. R. B LA ill, 

Principal of York Co. Normal School. 

Jackson Union Soiiool. Michigan. Sept 25, ISOS. 
Mkssi^s. a. S. Barnes & Co.: — I take pleasure in adding my testimony in favor ol 
Davids' Si^ries of Mathem.aticfi. as published by you. We have u^cd these woiks in 
this School for more than four years; and so wellsatisfied are we of their superiuiity 
over any other Series, that we neither contemplate making, jior de-ire to make, any 
change in that direction. Yours truly, E. L. EIPLEY. 

New Britain, Jmie 12ih, ISr.S. 
Messrs. A. S. Barnes & Co. :— I have examined Daviets' Seriefi of Arithmetics 
^Tith some care. They appear well adapted for the different grades of schools for 
which ihey are designed. Tlie language is clear and precise; each principle is 
thoroughly analyzed, and the whole so arranged as to facilitate the work of instruc- 
tion. Having observed the satisfaction and success with which the different books 
have been used by eminent teachers, it gives me pleasure to commend them to otliers, 
DAVID N. CMslV^Frincipalof Conn. State Normal School. 

\'hs.\e\or[%rr'sav([Q(\ Davies' Series of Mathematical Tea-t-Books as far superior 
to any now before the public. We find' them in every way adapted to the Avants of 
the Normal School, and we use no other. A unity of system and method runs through- 
out the series, and constitutes one of its great excellences. Especially in the Arith- 
metics the author has earnestly endeavored to supply the wants of our Common and 
Union Schools : and his success is complete and undeniable. I know of no Arith- 
metics which exliibit so clearly the philosophy of numbers, and at the same time lead 
the pupil surely on to readiness and practice. A. S. WELCPI. 

From Prof. G. W. Pltmpton, late of the State Norm.al ScJiool, N. Y. 
Out of a great number of Arithmetics that 1 have examined during the past year, I 
find none that will compare with Davies' InteUectual and Davies'' Analytical and 
Practical Ariilimetics, in clearness of demonstration or philosophical arrangement 
I shall with pleasure recommend the use of these two excellent works to those who 
go from our institution to teach. 

From, C, May, Jr., School Commissioner, Keene, N. E. 
I have carefully examined Davies'' Series of Arithmetics, and Higher Mathe- 
matics. and am prepared to say that I consider them far superior to any with which 
I am acquainted. 

From JoiLN L. Campbell, Professor of Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, and 
Astronomy, in WabasJu College, Indiana. 

Wabash College, Jime 22, 1S58. ' 
Messrs. A. S. Barnes & Co.: — Gentlemen: Every text-book on Science properly 
consists of two parts — Vae philosophical and the illa!ftr(ttive. A proper combination 
of abstract reasoning and practical illustration is the chief excellence in Prof. Davies' 
Mathematical Works. I prefer his Arithmetics, Algebras. Geometry, and Trig()iu)m- 
etry, to all others now in use. and cordially recommend them to all Mho desire the 
advancement of sound learning, Yours, very truly, JOHN L. CAMPBELL. 

Professors Mahan, Bartlett, and CnuRCii, of the United States Military Academy, 

West Point, say of Davies'' University Arithmetic: — 

"In the distinctness with which the various definitions are given, the clear and 

strictly mathematical demonstration of the rules, the convenient form and well-chosen 

matter of the tables, as well as in the coin])lete and much-desired application of all to 

the business of the c juntry, the University Arithmetic of Prof. Davies is superior to 

;■ work of the kind with which we are acquainted." 



RECOMMENDATIONS OE DAVIE3' MATHEMATICS. 



CAWAI>A. 

Since the adoption of a Decinial Currency. Davies' New Arilluvelica 
have been lar.oely introduced in Canada, and are giving universal 
satisfaction. Tliey are also in use in other Britisli Provinces. 

Montreal, Fehmary 8, 1S59. 
Gfnti.kmkn : — The adoption of ii Decimal Cnrrency in Cmnda harlns rendered it 
necessary to chantre tlie Text-Books of Aritlniieiic for our lliirli School, we have, Ibr 
Pome time past, used DanltiH" Unwersity ArUhmptic with advamaL-'e. 

HENRY A. ITOWE M. A., kc. 
Rector of the High School of McG'dl Co11p(jp 

MoNTKKAi., F'hriHiri/ •■'-. I--.")'. 
Sii?r^:— T have looked over tlie work;* eomprised in Davies'sevies uf Aiillii'i' ,>:/■., 
aid have no liesiintion in saying: thit they ouaht to be in the liaiids of e\eiy fe(i< In-r. 
Great care se< nis to have hein taki-n uiih every part of ihe series, and ihe siiiji;— ions 
at the lieginning of e;>cli will be found of iiiucli use to those who hive not Iv^d the 
advantaire of thorotiirh training in the art of leaehing. I have recommended ihi-in lo 
tiie notice, of teachers with whom I am in connection, and sha;l l>e iriad to find them 
in general use. I am, Sirs j'-ours respectfall}-, WILLIAM MICKS. 

\Ve. the nnder.'^igned, having re;.d the above recommendation of Professor Hicks, 
Cordially concur in his aiiprovid of these excellent books. 

CIIAULES I^ICHoLS, Principal of Collegiate School. 
JAMES McGKEGOR. McGill Model School. 
ELEANOli LAY. Young Ladies" Institute. St. ITelen-street. 
ELIZABETH TUEIMEK, Ladies' School, 55 St. Urbain-street, 

Gentlf.mkx: — I have been using some of Davies' Course of Mathematics in my 
school for the Last eight months — parlicnlarly the Arith.meticfi for the use of Acade- 
mics and Scho(ds — and I feel satisfied ihat they only v.-ant to be known to be appre- 
ciated. They will fill a vacam^y which lias beeti caused by the introduction ot the 
Decimal Currency. I have the pleasure to be, &c. BENJAMIN LAMBE. 

Montreal. February 12, 1S".9. 
Dear Sirs: — I am indeed very glad to see you directing the Teachers" attention to 
the works of Charles Davies. LL.D. I have e.vamiued the ArWmirtLcs you sent me, 
and am [)lease(l both with their fiviplicitt/ and conrpreh eti sk)e7i e.ss. Teachers will 
find them adapted tu the present Dcimal system, which mode of instruction must of 
course be soon adopted in our Public Schools. I am. Dear Sirs, truly your-. 

FREDERICK BROWNE, 
Teacher Grand Trunk Railway School, Point St. Charles. 

MojJTEEAL Institution for thf. Eduo-ation of Young Ladies, 
51 Oniig-streef, February 14, 1S59. 
Sirs:— Having examined carefully the series of School Arithmetics compiled by 
Dr. Charles Davies, I can confidently recommend them for the use of schools, as they 
are evidently works of more than ordinary ability, and are the result of much labor. 

A. W. GRINTON. 

Montreal ArADi^iMY, St. Ilelen-fitreet, Fch. S, 1859. 
Gkntlemen: — T have looked over, as far as time Avould allow, the series of Arith- 
metical works edited by I'r. Davies. I had at one time some intention myself of 
publishing an Arithmetic suitable for the Provinces of British North .America; but as 
the adoption of a Decimal Currency atid Weights is likely soon to become general in 
Canada, I think more suitable works could not be furnished than those yoii have sent 
me; and I would .strongly recommend it for general adoption in the Schools of this 
Province, both from the well-known mathematical celebrity of the author, .-ind fi(mi 
an examination of d.flerent parts of it, giving, as it does, with a suflicient nnnd)er of 
questions iu the several Rules, occasional explanations which greatly enhance its value. 
1 am. Gentlemen, respectfully yours, JOSEPH T. DUTTON. 

STANBRiroE. Feh)uary 9, 1S59. 
Dear Sirs:— Davies' Series of Mathematics, -which you kindly sent nie f u- exam- 
ination. 1 do not hesitate in prononucing of a superior order. They are inductive in 
their desiicn. and embody t./e synthetical method more fully than jtiosl works of 
modern Matliematical authors. I would be much [)le:ised lo see Davies' series geuo- 
rally adopted ia our Schools. HOB ART BUTLER, M A.. 

Preceptor of Stanbridge Academy. 



HAT.T0NA1 SERIES OF STANDARD SCHOOL-BOOKS. 



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THE NATIONAL FIRST READER; or, "WORD-BUILDER." 

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With copious Notes, and Biographical Sketches of each Writer. 



These Eeaders havo been prepared with the greatest care and labor, by Richard 
G. Parker, A. M., of Boston, and J. Madtson Watson, an experienced Teacher of 
New York. No amount of labor or expense has been spared to render them as near 
perfect as possible. The Illustrations, which are from original designs, and the 
Typography, are unrivalled by any similar works. 

The First Reader, or " "Word-Euilder," being the first issued, is alreadj 
in extensive use. It is on a plan entirely new and original, commencing with word\ 
of one letter, and building up letter by letter, until sentences are formed. 

The Second, Third, and Fourth Readers follow the same inductiv« 
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The pronunciation and definition of diflScult words are given in notes at the bottom 
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Exercises on the Elementary Sounds and their combinations have been so introduced 
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The Fifth Reader is a full work upon Reading and Elocution. Tne works of 
many authors, ancient and modern, have been consulted, and more than a hundred 
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tribution to enable the authors to present a collection rich in all that can inform the 
understanding, improve the taste, and cultivate the heart, and which, at the same 
time, shall furnish every variety of style and subject to exemplify the principles of 
Rhetorical delivery, and form a finished reader and elocutionist. Classical and his- 
torical allusions, so common among the best writers, have in all cases been explained; 
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A. S. BAENES & BURR, Publishers, 

51 & 53 John Street, K"ew York 



RECOMMENDATIONS 

OF 

PARKER & WATSON'S READERS. 
^-►-«> 

From, Prof, Frederick S. Jkwell, of the New York State Normal School. 
It eives me pleasure to find in the National Series of School Readers ample n om 
for commendation. From a brief examination of them, I am led to believe that we 
have none equal to them. I hope they will prove as popular as they are excellent 

From Hon. Tiif.odork Fkeltnghutskn, President of Rutgers' College, N. J. 
A cursory examination leads me to the conclusion that the system contnined in 
these volumes de.'-erves the patronage of our schools, and I have uo doubt that it will 
become,exteiisively used in the education of children and youth. 

From N. A. Hamilton, President of Teachers' Union, Whitewater, Wis. 
The National Readers and Speller I have examined, and carefully compared with 
others, and must pronounce ihem decidedly superior, in respect to literary merit, 
style, (.nd pri. e. The grradation is more complete, and the series much more desirable 
for use in our schools than Sanders' or McGulfey's. 

From Prof. T. F. Thickstun, Principal of Academy and Normal School, 
Mpadville, Pa. 
1 am much p'eased with the National Series of Readers after having canvassed 
their merits pretty tliorouglily. The first of the series especially pleases me, because 
it i.ffuds the means of teaching the ''• xcord -method"^' in an appropriate and natural 
manner. They ail are progressive, the rules of elocution are stated with clearness, 
and the selection of pieces is such as to please at the same time that they instruct. 

From J. W. Schf.kmerhorn, A. B., Principal Coll. Institute, Middletown, N J. 
I consider them emphatically the Readers of the present day, and I believe thtt 
cheir intrinsic merits will insure for them a full measure of popularity. 

From Peter Rougkt, Principal Public School No. 10, Brooklyn. 
It gives me great pleasure to be able to bear my unqualified testimony to the excel- 
lence" of the National Series of Readers, by Parkek and Watson. The gradation of 
the books of the series is very fine ; we have reading in its elements and in its highest 
style. The fine taste displayed in the selections and in the collocation of the pieces 
deserves much praise. A distinguishing feature of the series is the variety of the 
fiuhject-matter and of the style. The practical teacher knows the value of this charac- 
teristic for the develo[mient of the voice. The authors seem to have kept constantly 
in view the ftict that a reading-book is designed for children, and therefore they have 
succeeded in forming a very interesting and im[>roving collection of reading-matter, 
hi<rhly adapted to the wants and purposes of the school-room. In short, I look upon 
the National Series of Readers as a great success. 

From A. P. Harrington, Principal of Union School, Marathon, N. Y. 
These Readers, in my opinion, are the best I have ever examined. The rhetorical 
exercises, in particular, are superior to any thing of the kind 1 have ever seen. I have 
liad better success with my reading classes since I commenced training them on these, 
than I ever met wnth before. The marked vowels in the reading exercises convey to 
the reader's mind at once the astonishing fact that he has been accustomed to mispro- 
nounce more than one-third of the words of the English language. 

From Charles S. Halsey, Principal Collegiate Institute, Newton, N. J. 
In thp simplicity and clearness with which the principles are stated, in the nppro- 
priateruas of the selections for reading, and in the happy adaptation of the dilTerent 
parts of the series to each other, these works are superior to any other text-books ou 
his sXibject which I have examined. 

From William Travis, Principal of Union School, Flint, 3fic7i. 
I hwo examined the National Series of Readers, and am delighted to find it bo far 
m a'.vance of most other series now in use, and so well adapted to the wants of the 
/■"-'V.'; Schools. It is unequa'ed in the skillful arrangement of the material used, 
(xMJtiful typography, and the general neat and inviting appearance of its several 
bO'l.s I predict for it a cordial Wttlci>me and a general introduction by many of our 
most enterprising teachers. 



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MONTEITII AIVa> McNAI.I.Y'S 



MONTEITH'S FIRST LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY Price $0 25 

MONTEITH'S INTRODUCTION TO MANUAL OF GEOGRAPHY, 40 

MONTEITH'S NEW MANUAL OF GEOGRAPHY 60 

McNALLY'S COMPLETE SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY 1 00 



Monteith's First Lessons in Geography— Introduction to Man- 
ual of Geography— and !N"ew Manual of Geography, are arranged on 
the catechetical plan, -which has been proven to be the best and most successful 
method of teaching this branch of study. The questions and answers are models of 
brevity and adaptation, and the maps are simple, but accurate and beautiful. 

Mc3?3"ally's Geography completes the Series, and follows the same general 
plan. The maps are splendidly engraved, beautifully colored, and perfectly accurate; 
and a profile of the country, showing the elevations and depressions of land, is given 
at the bottom of the maps. The order and arrangement of map questions is also 
peculiarly happy and systematic, and the descriptive matter just what is needed, and 
nothing more. No Series heretofore published has been so extensively introduced in 
so short a time, or gained such a wide-spread popularity. 

These Geographies are used more extensively in the Public Schools of New York, 
Brooklyn, and Newark, than all others. 

^P~ A. B. Clark, Principal of one of the largest Public Schools in Brooklyn, says : 
"I have used over a thousand copies of Monteith's Manual of Geography since its 
adoption by the Board of Education, and am prepared to say it is the best wo. ^ ht 
lunior and intermediate classes in our schools I have ever seen." 



TJie Series^ in wJiole or in part, has 



in the 



New York State Normal School. 
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New Jersey State Normal School. 
Kentucky State Normal School. 
Indiana State Normal School. 
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York County (Pa.) Normal Schoox. 
Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. 
Cleveland Female Seminary. 
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Public Sch»ols of New York. 
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Public Schools of Indianapolis. 
Public Schools of Springfield, Mass. 
Public Schools of Columbus, Ohio. 
Public Schools of Hartford, Conn. 
Public Schools of Cleveland, Ohio. 

And other places too numerous to 
mention. 



They have also been recommended by the State Superintendents of Illinois 
Indiana, Wisconsin, Missouki, Nokth Carolina, Alabama, and by numeroui 
Teachers' Associations and Institutes throughout the country, and are in successful 
Ue it multitude of Public and Private Schools throughout the United States. 

A. S BAEHES & BUEE, Publishers, 

51 & 53 John Street, New Yor*. 



MONTEITH A^D EIcNALLY'g GEOGRAPHIES: 

THE MOST SUCCESSFUL SERIES EVER ISSUED. 



RE COMMENDATIONS. 

A. B. Claric, Principal of one of the largest Public Schools in "Brooklyn, prj-s;— 
"I have used over a tlioiT^and co[>ies of Monteith's Manual of Geograjtiiy since its 
adoption tiy the Board of Education, and am prepared to say it is the best woik t'.M 
junior andiutermediate classes iu our schools 1 have ever seen." 



The ScrieH, in. zc/iole or in purf, has heen (tdopied in ths 



■ New York State Normal School. 
New Tork City Normal School. 
New Jersey State Normal School. 
Kentucky State Norma! School. 
Infliima State Normal School. 
Ohio ^:ate Normal School. 
Mici)igau State Normal School. 
York County (Pa.) Normal School. 
Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. 
Cleveland Female Seminary. 
Public Schools of Miiwaukio. 
Public Schools of Pittsburgh. 
Public Schools of Lancaster, Pa. 
Public Schools of New Orleans. 



Public Schools of New York. 
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Public Schools of (lolumbiis. Oliio, 
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Public Schools of Cleveland, Ohio. 

And other places too numerous to 
mention. 



They have also been recommended by the State Su.perintendents of Illinois, 
Indiana, Wisconsin, Missouki, Noiiin Cauolina, Alaijama, and by numerous 
Teachers' Associations and Institute.s throngbiuit the country, and are in successful 
use iu a multitude of Public and Private Schools throughout the United States. 



From Prof. Wm. F. Phelps, A. M., Principal of the New Jersey State 
Normal School. 

Trenton, June 17, 185R, 
Mk-ssrs. A. S.Barnes & Co.: — Gentlemen: It gives me much pleasure to state 
that McNally's Geography has been used in this Institution from its organization in 
1S55, with great acceptance. The author of this work has avoided on one hand the 
extreme ot being too meager, and on the other of going too much into detail, while 
he has ])resentpd, in a clear and concise manner, all those leading facts of Descriptive 
Geography which it is important for the young to know. The ni?ps are accurate and 
well e.veciited, the type clear, and indeed the entire work is a decided success. I most 
cheerfully commend it to the profession throughout; the country. 

Very truly yours, WM. F. PHELPS. 

From W. V. Davis, Principal of High School, Lancasta^ Pa. 

Lancaster, Pa., June 26, 1S58. 

Dkar Sirs: — I have examined your National Qeograpliiusal Si-rien with much 
care, and find them most excellent works of their kind. They have been used in the 
various Public Schools of this city, evei- since their publieaiion, with great success and 
satisfaction to both pupil and teaclier. All the Geographies embraced in your series 
are well adapted to school purposes, and admirably calculated to impart to the i)ui)il, 
in a very attractive manner, a complete knowledge of a science, anunalty bec<)ming 
more useful and important. Their maps, illustrations, and typography, are unsiir- 
p.issed. One peculiar feature of McNally's Geography — and which will recommcud 
it at once to every practical teacher— is the arrangement of its maps and lessons; 
each map fronts the particular lesson which it is designed to illustrate — thus enabling 
the scholar to prepare his ta.sk without that constaut^turning over of leaves, or refei-^ 
ence to a separate book, as is necessary with most other Geographies. Yours. &c. 

Messrs. A. S. Barnes <fc Co., New York. V. W. DAVIS. 

From Charles Barnes, late President State Teachers" Asaociatiooi, and Siiperim- 
•tendent of the PuJjlic Schools at New Albany, Indiana. 

Messrs. A. S. Barnes & Co.: — Dear Strs: I have examined with considerable 
care the Series of Geographies published by you, and have no hesitation in saying 
that it is altogether the best with which I am acquainted. A trial of more than a 
year in the Public Schools of this city has demonstrated that Cornell is utterly unfit 
for the school-room. Tours, &c. C. BAENES. 



NATIONAL SERIES OF STANDARD SCHOOL-BOOKS. 



ENGLISH GRAMMAR, 

BY S. W. CLAEK and A. S. WELCH, 

CONSISTINa OF 

CLARK'S FIRST LESSONS IN ENGLISH GRAMMAR Price SO 30 

CLARK'S NEW ENGLISH GRAMMAR 60 

CLARK'S GRAMMATICAL CHART 2 60 

CLARK' S ANALYSIS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 40 

WELCH' S ANALYSIS OF THE ENGLISH SENTENCE 75 

A more Advanced Work, designed for Higher Classes in Academies and Normal 
Schools. By A. S. Welch, A. M., Principal of the State Normal School ol 
Michigan, at Ypsilanti. 



The First Lessons in Grammar are prepared for young pupils, and as an 
appropriate introduction to the larger work. The elements of Grammar ar« here 
presented in a series of gradual oral exercises, and, as far as possible, in plain Saxon 
words. 

Clark's New Grammar, it is confidently believed, presents the only trae 
and successful method of teaching the science of the English Language. The work is 
thoroughly progressive and practical ; the relations of elements happily illustrated, 
and their analysis thorough and simple. 

This Grammar has been officially recommended by the Superintendents of Public 
Instruction of Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Missouri, and is the Text-book 
adopted in the State Norrtxal Schools of New York, and other States. Its extensive 
circulation and universal success Is good evidence of its practical worth and superi- 
ority. 

Professor F. S. Jewell, oftlie New York State N'ormal School, says : 

" Clark's System of Grammar is worthy of the marked attention of the friends of 
Education. Its points of excellence are of the most decided character, and will not 
soon be surpassed." 

" Let any clear-headed, independent-minded teacher master the system, and then 
give it a fair trial, and there will be no doubt as to his testimony." 

"Welcli's Analysis of the English Sentence.— The prominent features 
of this work have been presented by Lectures to numerous Teachers' Institutes, and 
unanimously approved. The classification, founded upon the fact that there are but 
three elements in the language, is very simple, and, in many respects, now. The 
method of disposing of connectives is entirely so. The author has endeavored to 
study the language as it is, and to analyze it without the aid of antiquated rules. 

This work is highly recommended by the Superintendents of Public Instruction ol 
Michigan, Wisconsin, and other States, and is being used in many of the best schools 
throughout the Union. It was introduced soon after publication into Oberlin Col- 
lege, and his met with deserved success. 

A. S BARNES & BURR, Publishers, 

51 & 53 John Street, New York. 



RECOMMENDATIONS 

OF 

GLARK^S ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 



"We cannot better set forth the merits of this work thaai by quoting a part of a com- 
munication from Prof. F. S. Jewkll, of the New York State Normal School, in which 
school this Grammar is now used as the text book on this subject : — 

"Clark's Ststkm of Grammar is worthy of the marked attention of the friends Oi 
education. Its points of excellence are of the most decided character, and will not 
soon be surpassed. Among tliem are — 

1st. '"The justness of its ground principle of classification. There is no simple, phil- 
osopliical, and practical classification of the elements of language, other than that built 
on their use or ofhce. Our tendencies hitherto to follow the analogies of the classical 
languages, and classify extensively according to forms, have been mischievous and ab- 
surd. It is time we corrected tliem. 

2d. ''Its thorough and yet simple and transparent analysis of the elements of the 
language 'according to its ground principle. Without such an analysis, no broad and 
comprehensive view of the structure and power of the language can be attained. The 
absence of this analysis has i)ithi'rto precipitated the study of Grammar upon a surface 
of dry details and hare aathorities, and useless technicalities. 

Sd. " Its happy method of illustrating the relations of elements by diagrams. These, 
however uncouth they may appear to "the novice, are really simple and philosoi)hical. 
Of their utility tiiere can be no question. It is supported by the usage of other sci- 
ences, and has been demonstrated by experience in this. 

•^tli. "The tendency of the system, when rigiitly taught and faithfully carried out, 
to cultivate habits of nice discrimination and close reasoning, together with skill in 
ilhistniting truth. In this it is not excelled by any, unless it be the mathematical sci- 
ences, and even there it has this advantage, that it deals with elements more within 
the present grasp of the intellect. On this" point I speak advisedly. 

5th. •' The system is thoroughly progressive and practical, and as such, American in 
its character. It does not adhere to "old usages, merely because they are venerably 
musty; and yet it does not discard things merely because they are old, or are in un- 
important uunutiae not prudishly perfect. It does not overlook details and technicali- 
ties, nor does it allow them to interfere with plain philosophy or practical utility. 

'•Let any clear-headed, independent-minded teacher master the system, and then 
give it a fair trial, and there will be no doubt as to his testimony." 

A Testimonial //-om t?ie Principals of the Public Schools of Rochester, IT. Y. 
We regard Clark's Grammar as the clearest in its analysis, the most natural and 
logical in its arrangement, the most concise and accurate in its definitions, the most 
systematic in design, and the best adapted to the use of schools of any Grammar with 
which we are acquainted. 

C. C. MESEEVE, WM. C. FEGLES, 

M. D. ROWLEY, OHN ATWATEE, 

C. R. BUERICK, EDWAED WEBSTEE, 

J. R. VOSBUEG, 8. W. STAEKWEATHEK, 

E. E. AEMSTEONG PHILIP CUETISS. 

Lawrknck Institute, Brooklyn, Jan. 15, 1859. 
Messrs. A. S. Barhfs & Co: — Having nsed Clark's New Grammar since its publica- 
tion, I do most unhesitatingly recommend it as a work of superior merit. By the use 
of no other work, and I have used several, have I been enabled to advance my pupils 
BO rapidly and thoroughly. 

The author has, by an Etymological Chart and a system of Diagrams, made Gram 
mar the study that it ought to be, interesting as well as useful. 

MARGARET 8. LAWRENCE, PrmoipdU 



WELCH'S ENGLISH SENTENCE. 

From. Pbof. J. E. Boisk, A. M., Professor of the Latin and Greek Languages and 
Literature in the University of Michigan. 
This work belongs to a new era in the grammatical study of our own language. "We 
hazard nothing, in expressing the opinion, that for severe, searching, and exhaustiva 
analysis, the work of Professor Welch is second to none. His book is not intended for 
beginners, but only for advanced students, and by such only it will bo understood »ni 
appreciated. 



HATIOKAI SEEIES OF STANDABD SCHOOL-BOOK& 

HISTORY AND MYTHOLOGY. 

MONTEITH'S CHILD'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. Price $0 50 
(Designed for Public Schools: copioasLT illustrated.) 

WILLAED'S SCHOOL HISTOPvT OF THE UNITED STATES... 75 

(With Maps and Engravings.) 
WILLAKD'S LAEGE HISTOEY OF THE UNITED STATES 1 50 

(With Maps and Engravings.) 

WILLAED'S HISTOEY OF THE UNITED STATES 2 00 

(In Spanish Language.) 

WILLAED'S UNIVERSAL HISTORY IN PERSPECTIVE 160 

(With Maps and Engravings.) 
EICOED'S EOMAN HISTOEY 1 00 

(With Engeavings.) 

DWIGHT'S GEECIAN AND EOMAN MYTHOLOGY 75 

(School Edition.) 

DWIGHT'S GEECIAN AND EOMAN MYTHOLOGY 1 50 

(University Edition.) 

MILLS' HISTOEY OF THE ANCIENT HEBREWS 75 



Monteitli's History of the United States is designed for young scholars, 
on the catechetical plan, with Maps and Engravings. It has also Biographical 
Sketches of the most prominent men in early history. 

"Willard's Histories are used in a large proportion of the High Schools, 
Academies, and Female Seminaries throughout the United States, and have been 
recommended by several State Superintendents. The History of the United States 
is so highly esteemed, as accurate, reliable, and complete, that it has been translated, 
and published in the German, Spanish, and French languages. 

The large work is designed as a Text-book for Aoadkmiks and Female Skmina- 
EiKS ; and also for District Schools and Fa.mily Libraries, The small work being 
an Abridgement of the same, is designed as a Teoct-hoolc for Common SchooU. 'J"he 
originality of the plan consists in dividing the time into 2yer'iods, of which tlie begin- 
nings and terminations are marked by important events; and constructing a .series 
of maps ilhistrating the pj'ogress of the settlement of the country, and the regular" 
advance of civilization. A full Chronological Table will be found, in which all 
the events of the History are arranged in the order of time. There is appended to 
the work the Constitution of the United States, and a series of Questions adapted to 
each chapter, so that the work may be used in schools and for private instruction. 

Dwight's Mythology is peculiarly adapted for use as a Class-book in High 
Schools, Academies, and Seminaries, and is indispensable to a thorough acquaintance 
with Ancient History, and to a proper appreciation of the classical allup-ions constantly 
occurring in the writings of the best authors. It is also very valuable for private 
reading and study. 

Ricord's Roman History is also designed as a Text-book for Schools, and 
tor private reading and reference. It is the most complete and condensed History of 
the Romans before the public, and will be found exceedingly interesting, and vory 
valuable to all, especially to those wishing to be familiar with the classics. 

A. S. BARNES & BTIEE, Publishers, 

51 & 53 John Street, New York. 



RECOMMENDATIONS 

OP 

felONTEITH'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



This volume is designed for youth, and we think the author has been unusually 
feiccessfiil in iis arrangement and entire fireparation. Books of tlie same design are 
too often be^'ond the full understanding of the scholar. As history is so much neg- 
lected in all our schools, the publication of such a work as this should be hailed wiih 
pleasure; for if scholars find their first studies of history pleasant, it will become a 
pleasure rather than a task. This is a book of SS pages, and finely illustrated. It is in 
every way worthy of a place in every Public School in the State. — Jfaine Teacher. 

This is a most capital work : just the thing for children. Our boy commenced the 
study of it the day it came to hand. It is arranged in the catechetical form, and is 
finely illustrated with maps, with special reference to the matter discussed in the text. 
It begins with the first discoveries of America, and comes down to the laying of the 
Atlantic Telegraph Cable. Many spirited engravings are given to illustrate the work. 
It also contains brief Biographies of all prominent men who have identified them- 
selves with the history of this country. It is the best work of the kind we have 
Been.— Chester Count}/ Times. 

WILLARD'S HISTORIES. 

I'rom Eev. Howard Malcolm, D. D., President of the University of Lexcisburg. 

I have examined, during the thirteen years that I have had charge of a College, 
many School Histories of the United States, and have found none, on the whole, so 
proper for a text-book as that of Mrs. Willard. It is neither too short nor too long; 
ail the space given to periods, events, and persons, is happily proportioned to their 
importance. The style is attractive and lucid, and the narrative so woven, as both 
to sustain the interest and aid the memory of the student. Candor, impartiality, and 
accuracy, are conspicuous throughout. I tliink no teacher intending to commence a 
history class will be disappointed in adopting this book. 

Mrs. L. H. Sigournky, the distinguished Authoress, writes: 
Mrs. Willard should be considered as a benefactress not only by her own sex, of 
whom she became in early years a prominent and permanent educator, but by the 
country at large, to whose good she has dedicated the gathered learning and faiihful 
labor of life's later periods. The truths that she has recorded, and the principles that 
she has impressed, will win, from a future race, gfttitude that cannot grow old, and a 
garland that will never fade. 

Damiel "Webster wrote^ in a letter to the Author : 
I cannot better express my sense of the value of your History of the United States, 
than by saying I keep it near me as a book of reference, accurate in facts and dates. 



DWIGHT'S MYTHOLOGY. 

The mythology of the Grecians and Romans is so closely interlinked with the his- 
tory and literature of the world, that some knowledge of it is indispensable to any 
scholarly familiarity with either that history or literature. We have seen no book so 
convenient in size that contains so full and elegant an exposition of mythology a< the 
one before us. It will be found at once a most interesting and a most useful book to 
any one who wishes an acquaintance with the splendid myths and fables with which 
the great masters of ancient learning amused their leisure and cheated their faith.— 
Michigan Journal of Education. 



NATIONAL SEEIES OF STANDAED SCHOOL-BOOKS. 



NATURAL PHILOSOPHY km CHEyiSTRY. 

PARKER'S PHILOSOPHY. 

PAEKER'S JUVENILE PHILOSOPHY Price $0 25 

PARKKE'S FIRST LESSONS TN PHILOSOPHY 37^ 

PARKER'S COxMPENDIUM OF SCHOOL PlIiLOSOPHY 1 00 

Tlie present edition of Parker's School Philosophy has been corrected, enlartjed, 
find improved, and contains all the late discoveries and improvements in the science 
tip to the present time. It contains engravings of the Boston School set of apparatus, 
a de.s(ri[ition of the instruments, and an accolint of many experiments which can be 
pcrriirmed b}' means of the apparatus ; and it is peculiarly adapted to the convenience 
of study and recitation. The work is imuiensely popular, and in very extensive use, 
more so than anj' other work of the kind. It has been recommended h;/ the Supev- 
iutendenls of ruhllo Inkt>-ucUnn of six States, and is the Stand(tfd Text-boot in 
all the principal cities of the United States, and throughout Cunad.a West. 

NORTON'S FIRST BOOK OF PHILOSOPHY AND ASTRONOMY $0 50 

By William A. Norton, M. A., Professor of Civil Engineering in Yale College. 
Arnniged upon the catechetical plan, and copiously illustrated. Designed for 
Young Pupils commencing the study of the science. 

THE FIRST BOOK OF SCIENCE— Two Pakts in One $1 00 

Part I. Natural PiiiLOSopiiy and Astronomy. Part IT. Chemistry ani> Allied 

SciENCKS. By "VV. A. Norton and J. A. Portkr, Professors in Yale College. 
This volume treats of the elements of Natural Science, and is designed to meet the 
wants of young persons who cto not intend to pursue a complete cour.se of academical 
study. It is designed for Public and Private Schools, and will be found admirably 
adapted to private study, and home instruction in familiar science. 



BARTLETT'S COLLEGE PHILOSOPHY. 

ftTLETTS Synthetic Mechanics. $3 00 I Bartlett's Optics and Acoustics. $2 
jtlett's Analytic Mechanics.. 4 00 1 Bartlett's Spherical Astronomy. 3 
The above are the Text-hooks in the IJ. S. Military Academy at West Point, 



PORTER'S SCHOOL CHEMISTRY. 

FIRST BOOK OF CHEMISTRY, AND ALLIED SCIENCES, including an 
Outline of Agricultural Chemistry. By Prof. John A. Porter. Price 50 cts. 

PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY, embracing the most recent Discoveries in tho 
Science, and the Outlines of its Application to Agriculture and the Arts — illus- 
trated by numerous experiments newly adapted to tlie simplest apparatus. By 
John A. Porter, A.M.. M. D., Professor of Agricultural and Organic Chemistry in 
Yale College. Price $1.00. 

These works have been prepared expressly for Public and Union Schools, Academies, 
and Seminaries, where an extensive course of study on this subject and expensive 
apparatus was not desired, or could not be afforded. A fair, practical knowledge of 
Chemistry is exceedingly desirable, and almost a necessity, at the present day, but it 
has been taught in very few Public or Union Schools, owing entirely to the want of 
suitable text-books adapted to simple apparatus, or such as could be readily obtained. 
It is confidently believed that these works supply this great want, and will be found 
11 every respect just what is required. Boxes containing all the apparatus and mate- 
rials necessary to perform all the experiments described in these books, can be ob- 
tained for $S."00, by addressing A. S. Barnes & Burr, New York. 
The j.bove works are highly recommended. 



PECK'S ELEMEj\^TS of MECHANICS. 

This volume is prepared by Prof. W. G. Peck, of Columbia College, New York. 
Price $L50. 

A. S. BARNES & BURE, Publishers, 

51 & 53 John Street, New York, 



RECOMMENDATIONS 

or 

PARKER'S PHILOSOPHY. 



"Parker's Philosophy" is the Text- Book of Public Schools in Bos- 
tan, New York, Brooklyn, and in a large majority of Schools throughout 
the United States. 

From Pkof. Joptn A. Nichols, Free Academy, If. T. 
The revised edition of Parker's School Compendium of Natural and Experimental 
Philosoi)hy is, in my juds:menr, a very instructive and interesting work. Besides the 
statement and elucidation of ihe properties and laws of matter, and the seneral prin- 
ciples of 7)hysical sciences, I am pleased to find such appropriate illustrations of tho^e 
princii)lcs as are contained in the clear descriptions and explanations of many im- 
portant modern inventions, and their modes of operation. 



From Gf.okge D. Wildes, Principal of Young Ladies'' School, Boston. 
Parker's Philosophy I have long been familiar with, and regard it as one of the best 
text-books upon the subject of Physics. 



From. Prof. 0. Hosford, A. M., Principal of ihe Olivet Institute, Eaton Co., Mich. 
We have, for some years past, been using Parker's Philosophy in this Institution; 
and are better pleased with it, as a text-book in Philosophy, than any otlier elementary 
work with which we are acquainted. I most cheerfully recommend, to those who 
mav wish to introduce into their schools some practical but elementary work on 
Philosophy— Parker's revised edition. OEAMEL HOSFOED, 



POKTERVS CHEMISTRY. 

By Professor Porter, of Tale College : the most Practical and Popular Scientific 
Work ever published. 

From the Amer. Journal of Education, Hartford. 
We have examined it with reference to its qualities as a school-book, its adaptation 
to the wants of beginners in the study of a science which to many, even of College 
students, is as obscure in nomenclature and syml)ol3 as it is brilliant in demonstra- 
tions. As a text-book for the higher classes in schools and academies, we regard the 
work as deserving of high praisel The language is clear and concise, the illustrations 
are well chosen, and the arrangement of topics" is natural and methodic. While the 
technical terms of chemistry are explained sufficiently to introduce the student to 
more extended treatises in the science, they are not employed so much as to impede 
his progress at the outset of his course. 



FIRST book: of science. 

By Professors Norton and Porter, of Yale College. 

Office of Superintendent of Schools, Buffalo, Fel). 27, 1359, 
Messrs. A. S. Barnes & Co. :— Gentlemen : I have examined with much interest 
the "First Book of Science," by Professors Porter and Norton, and I am free to say 
that it is admirably designed to meet a want in the Public Schools. Comparatively 
few of those who attend "our Common Schools remain long enough to gain any valu- 
able knowledge of Philosophy. Chemistry, and the Allied Sciences; and the text- 
books on these subjects whichhave been in use liitherto are too abstruse and cuiuber- 
Bome for tlie young scliolar. I should regard the introduction of this book ts the best 
means of exciting i)0pular interest in the Natural Sciences, and of giving pupils who 
cannot pursue a course of study much desirable and practical informatiDn upon the 
iubjects treated. I am confident it will commend itself to the attention of the friendfl 
of education throughout the country. Eespectfully vours, 

JOSEPH WAEEEN, Sup't qf Schools. 



NATIONAL SESIES OF STANBARB SCHOOL-BOOKS. 



ELOCUTION. 

The following Series of SCHOOL SPEAKERS, now in course of 
publication, compose 

NORTHEO'S NEW SERIES. 

1. THE LITTLE ORATOR; 

OR, 

?B.3;i^AB.ir SGHOOli SP13AKS3B. 

By Charles Northend, A. M., Author of " Teacher and Parent," and 
" Teachers' Assistant." Price 30 cents. 

" This is a nice little book, full of nice little pieces for the little folks to speak and 
recite. The compiler has aimed to select pieces adapted to the capacities of children 
under twelve j'ears of age, and at the same time to have the matter such as will 
make projjer moral impressions. We think he has succeeded.'"— New Uampshire 
Journal of Education. 

2. NORTHEND'S NATIONAL ORATOR. Price 75 cents. 

3. NORTHEND'S ENTERTAINING DIALOGUES FOR 

YOUTH. Price 75 cents. 

4 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY ORATOR. (In press.) 



AIDS FOE THE TEACHEK. 
SCHOOL MANUAL OF DEVOTION ; or, Eeltgious Exercisk' 

for the Morning and Evening of each Day in the Month. By N. C. 
Brooks, President of Baltimore Female College. Price 38 cents. 

"We are exceedingly well pleased with this little book, the only one we have ever 
seen for the same puipose that has met our approval. There are nearly seventy 
exercises, or lessons. Each exercise consists of two suitable hymns, followed by 
Scripture verses to be read alternately by teacher and pupils, and also by an appro- 
priate form of prayer. We most cordially commend it." — Connecticut Common 
Sclwol JournaL 

SCHOOL TEACHERS' REGISTER. Prepared by N. C. Brooks, 
for the Teacher to record the Names and Standing of each Pupil 
Price lO cents. 

A. S. BARNES & BURR, Publishers, 

51 & 53 John Street, New York. 



NATIONAL SEEIES OF STANDABB SCHOOL-BOOKS. 



SPELLING AND DEFINING, 

THE JUVENILE DEFINER: A Collection and Classification of Familiar 
WoEDS and Names, correctly Spelled, Accented, and Defined. By W. W. S.mitu, 
Principal of Grammar School No. 1, New York. Price 30 cts. 

This is an invaluable book for young children : instead of long columns of to them 
incomprehensible and meaningless words, the lessons are formed of tliose words which 
they hear and use almost every day, but of which they have formed only impi-rfcct 
ideas. The words are grouped wiih reference to similar signification or use — as iho 
several kinds of Buildings compose one class; — the kinds of Vesskls another;— 
Vkmfclks another; — Cloths another, &c., >fcc. ; experience having shown that th 
knowledge of one word of a cla>s produces in the impil a strong desire to know a-[A, 
belonging to thattlass, with their various shades of meaning, application, &c. The 
princrpal" words used in tlie definitions are also defined, and the arrangement is such 
that almost every word in the book is defined at the time or before its'employmeiu. 

THE GRAMMAR-SCHOOL SPELLER; or, SPELLER'S NEW MANUAL. 

Containing Rules for Spelling, with numerous Examples to illustrate the Ap])li- 
cation of each Kule; together witii a large Collection of the most Difficult Words 
in the English Language, correctly Spelled, Pronounced, and Defined. Arranged 
in Easy Lessons for Interinfidiute Classes. Price 40 cts. 

This book is designed for those pupils who have studied through the Juvknilb 
Dkfinek. The Rules i'or Spelling are in .simple language, having numerous exaini)le3 
of familiar words attached to illustrate the intent of each. Tliese Rules teach the 
formation of the great majority of the derivatives, and consequently embrace the 
greater portion of the wor.ls of the language. 

Tiie les-sons consist of words grouped with reference to the sameness of sound of 
certain syllables differently spelled ; as authorize, exercise, amilyze, sacrifice — the 
pronunciation of e.ich of these terminations has in it the sound of ize, thongh ex- 
j)ressed by a different combination of letters. Again : burroui, borough, berg(i7iiot, 
bourgeois. bi)-chen, h:ive the sound of bur in the first syllable of each, while each is 
spelled differently: the same may be said of chrysalis, crisjyy, Christian, crystal — 
ail commencing with the sound oi k~ris — and many others. 

The words of the lessons have also the proniinciatiou {in italics), and a short 
definition of each attached — the wiiole comprising the most difficult words in the 
language. To which are added copious Exercises in False OrthogrMjihy— the words 
to be written correctly by the pupil. It can also be used as a dictation exercise. 

THE SPELLER AND DEEINER'S MANUAL; Being a DICTIONARY ano 
SPELLING-BOOK combined, in which the most Useful Words in the English 
Language are Spelled, Pronounced, and Defined, and arranged in Classes; to- 
gether with Rules for Spelling, Prefixes and Suflaxes, Rules for the Use of Capi- 
tals, Punctuation Marks, Quotations from other Languages used in English Com- 
petition, Abbreviations, ifec, &c. To whicli is added a Vocabulary of Reierence. 
Price 6'» cts. 

In this book, designed for the highest class, we have, 1st, A dissertation on the 
sounds of the Vowels and Con.sonants^ their uses and powers. 2d, Rules for Spelling. 
Sd, IM-efixes and Suffixes, with their meanings. 4th, Pun(;tuation mark.s, and how to 
use them— Rules fur the use of Cai)itals, Rules for Letter and Note writing, with 
diagram.s, &«. In the body of the work there are about ll.OOH of the [jrincipaf v/onls 
in the language— arranged in cia.S3es accor<ling to their derivation,— correctly sjji-lle I, 
pronounced, and defined — the pronunciation iiaving the vowel somuis m.ukcd by 
figures whicii refer to a Key easily understood and applied. By this arrangement, 
the knowledge of one word of a class will give some idea of the others. 

There are also Questions at the bottom of each page, M-hich, to be correctly an- 
swered, require the pupil to keep constantly in his mind the Rules for Spelling, their 
application, &c. 

This book can also be used with great advantage as a DicnorJAKY. As the words 
are not in alphabetical order for obvious re.asons, an alphabetieal Vocabulary is placed 
at the end, by which means any word in the book can be found. 

A. S. BAKNES & BURK, Publishers, 

51 & 53 John Street. New York. 



If ATIOKAL SEEIES OF STANDAES SCHOOL-BOOKS. 



OUTHOGRAPHY. 

The following Works upon the Art of Spelling, Pronttnoiation, and Defining, are 
especially coBamended to Teachers. 

NATIONAL SERIES OF SCHOOL SPELLERS. 

PAEKER & WATSON'S NATIONAL ELEMENTARY SPELLER ... 15 cts. 
PARKER & WATSON'S NATIONAL PRONOUNCING SPELLER... 25 cts. 

From M. K. Barnard, Piincixxd Union School^ Ithaca, New York, 
"I have examined the National Pronouncing Spellkr, and am free to say that 
it is the only work I ever saw which exactly meets my idea of what a spelling-boo'k 
shouhl be. It is pre-eminently practical ; it requires the child to do what it will be 
necessary for him to do all through his life; it requires him not only to tell how the 
letters are nrraiiged to form the word, but to write it, using it according to its signifi- 
cation. It needs only to be seen and understood to meet with favor." 

The above Works are designed to accompany Parker & Watson's popular Series 
of National School Readers. 

SMITH'S ORTHOGRAPHICAL SERIES. 

SMITH'S JUVENILE DEFINER 25 cts. 

SMITH'S GRAMMAR-SCHOOL SPELLER... 40 cts. 

SMITH'S DEFINER' S MANUAL 60 cts. 

This series of Books is prepared by W. W. Smith, Principal of Grammar School 
No. 1, New York city, and extensively us"ed in all the Public Schools of the city. 

Public attention is now being extensively called to the deficiency of good text- 
books, upon this hitherto much neglected branch of education. This series is admira 
bly adapted to meet this want. It is a couplete treatise upon orthography. 



WRIGHT S ANALYTICAL ORTHOGRAPHY 25 cts 

The title of this Work is — "Elements of the English Language; or, Analytical 
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By Albert D. Wright, A. M." 

Extract from Proceedings of Broome County Association. 
"A pupil will learn more of the power of Letters by studying this book for one 
term, in connection with his other studies, than he would in pursuing the coarse laid 
down in most other Spelling-Books for years." 



PAGE'S NORMAL CHART OF ELEMENTARY SOUNDS S2.60 

(MotJNTEO UPON Poller.) 

No School-room is complete without this Chart, prepared by D. P. Paob, fate 

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possible for any one to become a good reader. In our opinion, most of the poor 
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" Wliere the child is made to thoroughly understand all the elementary sounds of 
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We have witnessed the great advantages of this method of teaching reading in our 
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point." — Albany Evening Journal. 

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MATHEMATICS. ' 

1. Church's Calculus, elements of the diffeeen 

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Academy. Price $2.00. 
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2. Church's Analytical Geometry, elements of ana- 
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From SilUman's Journal of Science. 
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predecessors. We thiuk he has done so to such an extent, as much to facilitate the 
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Courtenay's Elements of Calculus, the differential 

AND INTEGRAL CALCULUS. By Edward H. CourtexNay, lat& 
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Hackley's Trigonometry, a treatise on trigonom 

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Practical Examples in Arithmetic. By William h. Reuck, 

Principal of Ward School No. 7 ; and Professor of Mathematics in 
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uame Author. Price 25 cents. 

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§0gb's dEitglisIj ^0^ts. 

THE ENGLISH POETS, WITH CRITICAL NOTES. 

MILTON— YOUNG— THOMSON— COWPEE and POLLOK. 

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copying a portion of the introductory observations of the editor, j^refixed to Tiioai- 
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" In this iige, when the press is covering our land with a frivolous and pernicious 
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proper culture of the mind and of the heart?'' 



1. The Paradise Lost. By John Milton. with Notes, Ex- 
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By Edayard Young, LL. D. With a Memoir of the Author ; a 
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5. The Course of Time. By Robert Pollok, With Notes, 
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|Vj)ctorJt, fogit, aiib |ntcUcttuaI ^|iIosop|iT. 

ELEMENTS OF THE ART OF RHETORIC. Adapted for use in Colleges and 
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Female College Price 75 cents. 

It is a clear and systematic exhibition of the elements of the Art of Rheti>ric. The 
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THE SCIENCE OF LOGIC ; or, An Analysis of the Laws of Thousrht. 
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From the Banner of the Cross {Philadelphia). 
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From the I^eio York Independent. 
" Few men better understand the laws of thought, both in the way of mental analy- 
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the results of the ablest minds of Great Britain, Gernumy, and France, in the same 
department. We have not yet found leisure to study the work with sufficient care to 
I)ronounce a matured opinion as to its terms and method. But as a text-book for 
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KAMES' ELEMENTS OF CRITICISM. With Additions and Improvements. 

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It will be seen that the present volume is not an abridgment of Kamos, but it em- 
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A SYSTEM OF INTELLECTUAL PHILOSOPHY. By Eev. Asa Maiian 

Prico $1.00. 

From Prok. IIorack Wekster, LL.D., of the Free Academy. New York. 

"I do not know any other treatise on Elementary Philosophy so well calculated to 

give a thorough, correct, and critical knowledge of this important science. I trust 

that it may I e the uu-ans of creating a tfiste for this science, as it certainly will be, i< 

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of human investigation." 

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^raofis' §xttk Eiiir f aim Classics. 

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BROOSSS' FIRST CMHHEIH IilSSSOSTS. 

12mo. Price 62J cents. 
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RAILROADS AND STEAM. 

GIIiIiSSFIi: 03^ ROABS AMB RAI£iROABS. 

A MANUAL OB^ EOAD-MAKING : 
Comprising the Principles and Practice of the Location, Construction, 
and Improvement of Koads (Common, McAdam, Paved, Plank, &c.) 
and Railroads. By W. M. Gtillespib, A.M., Professor of Civil En- 
gineering in Union College. Price $1.50. 

From Prof. Mahan, of the JJ. S. Military Academy. 
I bav« very carefully looked over Professor Gillespie's Manual of Eoad-makirig. It 
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from its arrangement, cumprehensiveness, and clearness, equally adapted to the wants 
of Students of Civil Engineering, and the purposes of persons in any way engaged in 
the construction or supervision'of roads. The appearance of such a work, twenty 
yeai-s earlier, would have been a truly national benefit, and it is to be hoped that its 
introduction into our seminaries may be so general as to make a knowledge of the 
principles and practice of this branch of engineering as popular as its importance to 
all classes of the community. 

Report of a Comrfiiiiee of the American Institute. 
This work contains, in a condensed form, all the principles, both ancient and modern, 
Of this most imjtortant art; and almost every thing useful in the great mass of writers 

on this suiiject Such a work as this performs a great service for those who are 

destined to construct roads — by showing not only what ought to be done, but what 
ought not to be done ; thus saving an immense outlay of money, and loss of time \}x 
experiments. .... The committee, therefore, recommend it to the public. 
From the American Railroad Journal. 
The views of the author are sound and practical, and should be read by the people 
throughout the entire length and breadtfi of the land. . . . We recommend this Manual 
to the perusal of every tax-payer for road-making, and to the young men of the 
country, as they will find useful information in relation to each department of road- 
making, which will surely be useful to tliem in after-life. 

From SiUinia7i\s American Journal of Science. 
If the well-established principles of Koad-making, which are so plainly set forth 
in Professor Gillespie's valuable work, and so well illustrated, could be once put into 
general use in this country, every traveller would bear testimony to tho fact that the 
author is a great public benefactor. 



LARDXER 0^^ THE STEAM-EI^GmE. 

THIS STISAZ^-ISI^^IMB, Familiarly Explained and 
Tllustratkd : with an Historical Sketch of its Invention and Pro- 
grest^ive Improvement ; its applications to Navigation and Hall- 
ways ; with plain Maxims for Eailway Speculators. 

By the Pvcv. Dionysius Lardner, LL.D., F.Pv.S., 
Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ; of the Royal Irish Academy ; of the 
lioyal Astronomical Society; of the Cambridge Philosophical Society; of the 
Statistiftal Society of Paris; of the Linnaean and Zoological Societies; 
of the Society for promoting Useful Arts in Scotland, &c. 
With Additions and Notes, by James Renavick, LL.D., Professor of 
Natural Experimental Philosophy and Chemistry in Columbia Col- 
lege, New York. Illustrated by Engravings. 1 vol. 8vo. $1.50. 
This volume should more properly be called a new work than a new edition of the 
former one. In fact, the book has'been almost rewritten. The change wliich has 
taken place, even in the short period which has elapsed since tlie publication of the 
first edition, in the relation of the steam-engine to the useful arts, has been so coa- 
•iderablo as to r inder this inevitable. 

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